‘Photography’ as a useful method for estimating the density, sex-ratio and body size of the surface-active Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852) (Brachyura, Ocypodidae)

Estimations of crab density, sex-ratio, and body sizes are difficult. Though the ‘burrow excavation’ method is widely used to estimate these parameters in surface-active crabs, it is destructive to crab populations. Therefore, an alternative, non-destructive method is desirable. This study compared the non-destructive ‘photography’ method with the ‘burrow excavation’ method in a fiddler crab (Austruca perplexa (H. Milne Edwards, 1852)) population. Twenty 0.25 m2 quadrats were set out and 4 photos were taken of the surface-active crabs in each quadrat. All crab burrows were then excavated, and the crabs were collected to estimate their numbers, sexes, and body and claw sizes. Afterward, the photographs were analysed to estimate the same parameters by using the GIMP program. These parameters were then compared between the two methods. The results showed that these parameters were not different between the methods compared. This study thus reveals that the ‘photography’ method could safely be used instead of the ‘burrow excavation’ method, and yield the same results.

A comparison of the Remote Food Photography Method and the Automated Self-Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool for measuring full day dietary intake among school-aged children

The limitations of self-report measures of dietary intake are well known. Novel, technology-based measures of dietary intake may provide a more accurate, less burdensome alternative to existing tools. The first objective of this study was to compare participant burden for two technology-based measures of dietary intake among school-age children: the Automated-Self Administered 24-hour Dietary Assessment Tool-2018 (ASA24-2018) and the Remote Food Photography Method (RFPM). The second objective was to compare reported energy intake for each method to the Estimated Energy Requirement for each child, as a benchmark for actual intake. Forty parent-child dyads participated in 2, 3-day dietary assessments: a parent proxy-reported version of the ASA24 and the RFPM. A parent survey was subsequently administered to compare satisfaction, ease of use and burden with each method. A linear mixed model examined differences in total daily energy intake (TDEI) between assessments, and between each assessment method and the EER. Reported energy intake was 379 kcal higher with the ASA24 than the RFPM (p=0.0002). Reported energy intake with the ASA24 was 231 kcal higher than the EER (p = 0.008). Reported energy intake with the RFPM did not differ significantly from the EER (difference in predicted means = −148 kcal, p = 0.09). Median satisfaction and ease of use scores were 5 out of 6 for both methods. A higher proportion of parents reported that the ASA24 was more time consuming than the RFPM (74.4% vs. 25.6%, p = 0.002). Utilization of both methods is warranted given their high satisfaction among parents.

Recognition of the Printing of the Photo of the Flower to Design the Identity of Iranian Dishes with a Visual Communication Approach

Design in the field of photography printing on porcelain includes a wide range of methods of different methods. One of the main reasons for welcoming a wide range of audiences from these dishes is the visual appeal of various floral motifs. This research's central question is how can Iranian identity be created by using the principles of designing and printing floral photoreversal motifs on ceramic containers? Understanding the nature of decal printing, floral motifs, Iranian dishes' identity, and visual communication of these motifs on containers are among the main variables of this study. This research aims to understand the principles of designing and printing flower motifs of ceramic containers to create an Iranian visual identity. The research's central hypothesis is that by designing and printing floral pictorial motifs on ceramic containers, Iranian visual identity can be made. Such motifs are easily applicable by the photography method. In this research, using library and field studies, the presented designs are examined, documentary work method, and visual data collection tool. The approach of this study is analytical-descriptive. The results show that the identity of flower motifs of ceramic containers is less of an Iranian nature and has a non-Iranian identity. It is not by traditional and artistic motifs of Iran. Based on the theoretical research results, the practical project has been designed and implemented in designing floral motifs for different containers such as plates, teapots, and horseshoes that create an identity closer to the samples on the market than other companies.

Estimating Needle and Shoot Inclination Angle Distributions and Projection Functions in Five Larix principis-rupprechtii Plots via Leveled Digital Camera Photography

The leaf inclination angle distribution function is a key determinant that influences radiation penetration through forest canopies. In this study, the needle and shoot inclination angle distributions of five contrasting Larix principis-rupprechtii plots were obtained via the frequently used leveled digital camera photography method. We also developed a quasi-automatic method to derive the needle inclination angles based on photographs obtained using the leveled digital camera photography method and further verified using manual measurements. Then, the variations of shoot and needle inclination angle distributions due to height levels, plots, and observation years were investigated. The results showed that the developed quasi-automatic method is effective in deriving needle inclination angles. The shoot and needle inclination angle distributions at the whole-canopy scale tended to be planophile and exhibited minor variations with plots and observation years. The small variations in the needle inclination angle distributions with height level in the five plots might be caused by contrasting light conditions at different height levels. The whole-canopy and height level needle projection functions also tended to be planophile, and minor needle projection function variations with plots and observation years were observed. We attempted to derive the shoot projection functions of the five plots by using a simple and applicable method and further evaluated the performance of the new method.

POTENSI KOMUNITAS MANGROVE PANTAI TIAL KABUPATEN MALUKU TENGAH

Mangrove community in Tial is potential and roles importantly for aquatic organism, local community and especially for coastal waters abrasion control in Tial. Due to the high rate abrasion in Tial, mangrove community should be maintained and conserved. Therefore, the research is done in order to analyze mangrove composition, its potency and its condition on the coast of Tial. Belt transect and hemispherical photography method are used to collect data by determining the observation station. Three plots of 10 x 10 meter squares are placed in every observation station without space in between each plot where the ≥ 15 cm of circumference trees measuring is done and canopy photo of breast height are taken up above perpendicularly. Microsoft Excel and Image J software are used to analyze collected data. The result shows that there are 9 species of mangrove from 7 genera and 5 families found in the coast of Tial. Sonneratia alba and Aegiceras floridum dominates the community where A. floriduim with 13 ind/100 m2 is the highest density species, while the frequency of occurrence and the highest dominance species is S. alba with the rate 0,67 and 2298,75 cm2/100 m2. Overall mangrove vegetation health is categorized good with a high density and in a medium canopy coverage. ABSTRAK: Komunitas mangrove merupakan komunitas yang cukup potensial dan memiliki peranan penting bagi organisme perairan sekitar dan bagi masyarakat setempat, terutama dalam mengendalikan abrasi pada pesisir pantai Tial. Laju abrasi yang terjadi pada pesisir pantai Negeri Tial cukup tinggi, sehingga keberadaan mangrove pada perairan tersebut perlu dijaga dan dilestarikan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui komposisi, Potensi dan kondisi mangrove di perairan pantai Tial. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode transek sabuk dan hemisperichal photography. Metode ini dilakukan dengan cara menentukan stasiun pengamatan, kemudian pada setiap stasiun pengamatan dibentuk petak pengamatan sebesar 10 x 10 m sebanyak tiga petak tanpa ada jarak antara petak pengamatan. Pada setiap petak pengamatan dilakukan pengambilan lingkar batang dengan ukuran ≥ 15 cm dan pengambilan foto kanopi dengan memotret setinggi dada secara tegak lurus kearah atas. Software Microsoft Excel dan Image J digunakan untuk menganalisis data pengukuran lingkar batang dan hasil foto kanopi. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh 9 spesies mangrove yang tergolong dalam 7 genera dan 5 famili. Sonneratia alba dan Aegiceras floridum merupakan spesies mangrove yang mendominasi komunitas mangrove pantai Tial. Kerapatan spesies tertinggi adalah A. floridum sebesar 13 ind/100m2, sedangkan frekuensi kehadiran dan dominasi spesies tertinggi adalah S. alba dengan nilai masing-masing 0,67 dan 2298,75 cm2/100m2. Kondisi kesehatan mangrove secara keseluruhan pada pantai Tial masih dalam kondisi baik dengan kerapatan mangrove tergolong padat dan tutupan kanopi tergolong sedang. Kata Kunci: mangrove, potensi, komunitas, kesehatan, pantai

Exploring Visual Methods in Teaching Tourism

Humankind is becoming increasingly image based. Visual culture is everywhere: it surrounds us all with still and moving images. Based on this pictorial change, working with the visual in education has the potential for engaging students in a process of self-reflection in an effort to change ways of thinking and behavior, aiming to consolidate concepts taught in classes. Nevertheless, there are key elements to consider as a set of methodologies and practices. The aim of this study is to explore multiple ways of working with the visual, within educational environments, specifically in classes taught in the second and third year of a degree in Tourism. Two examples of visual methodologies were considered for this study. An image-based exercise through the use of tourism cartoons as visual stimuli to evoke opinions and incite thoughts was fully implemented. Analysis was undertaken and the results are presented. A reflexive photography method is also proposed as another example for a visual-based exercise. The results from the cartoons exercise demonstrate that knowledge is continuously derived from the experience of the learner. The student's impressions and full comprehension of the concepts taught in a particular subject were achieved with this exercise.

Comparison of the sonar recording method and the aerial photography method for mapping seagrass meadows

This article presents a new perspective on the study of the spatial distribution of seagrass meadows, which—due to their sensitivity to coastal hydrodynamics, sediment transport, changes in nutrient content, and disruptions due to human intervention in their environment—are a good indirect indicator of the properties of seawater. Monitoring their extent and characteristics is essential for determining the properties of seawater, but this requires developing a precise methodology that involves acquiring data on the occurrence of seagrass meadows and mapping them. The base data for the survey presented are sonar recording and aerial photography data, which were utilized to create a seabed classification using geographic information systems (GIS). This provided information on the extent and characteristics of the seagrass meadows. Spatial analysis offers a new look at the coastal belt and reveals some new features.