scholarly journals Carotenoids and Liposoluble Vitamins in the Plasma and Tissues of Light Lambs Given Different Maternal Feedings and Fattening Concentrates

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813
Author(s):  
Pablo José Rufino-Moya ◽  
Margalida Joy ◽  
Sandra Lobón ◽  
Juan Ramón Bertolín ◽  
Mireia Blanco
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Schinopsis Balansae

The carotenoids and liposoluble vitamins in the plasma and tissues of the lambs under different maternal feedings and fattening concentrates was studied. During lactation, 21 lambs were housed with their dams, that received a total mixed ration (intensive); 21 ewe–lamb pairs grazed on alfalfa; and 21 pairs grazed on sainfoin. After weaning, half of the lambs in each maternal feeding group received a commercial concentrate (control) and the other half a concentrate with quebracho (Schinopsis balansae), as a source of condensed tannins, until they were slaughtered (23 kg). The analyte concentrations in the plasma of lambs at weaning reflected the content in the feedstuffs. Grazing during suckling more than doubled the contents of lutein in the liver and retinol in the tissues compared to the intensive feeding. The content of α-tocopherol in the tissues was greatest in sainfoin lambs, intermediate in alfalfa lambs, and lowest in the intensive lambs. The quebracho concentrate decreased α-tocopherol (by 41–81%) and γ-tocopherol (by 65–89%) contents in the lamb tissues. The use of the analytes in the plasma at weaning correctly classified 100% of the lambs into the maternal feeding (intensive vs. grazing (alfalfa + sainfoin)) but has to be improved in the carcass and tissues separately.

scholarly journals LAMB AND WOOL PRODUCTION FROM FIVE BREEDS ON RANGE

1966 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Vesely ◽  
H. F. Peters ◽  
S. B. Slen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Breed Differences ◽  
Percentage Yield ◽  
Ewe Lamb ◽  
Fleece Weight ◽  
Staple Length

Rambouillet, Romnelet, Columbia, Targhee, and Suffolk sheep were evaluated under range conditions for the production of lamb and wool in the period 1960–1963. The production traits analyzed were: birth and weaning weight; face cover and neck wrinkling; fertility, prolificacy, weaned lamb production, and body weight of ewe; lamb survival to weaning; grease and clean fleece weight, staple length, wool grade, and percentage yield of clean wool by yearling and mature ewes.Lambs of Romnelet were lighter at birth than those of the other breeds. Targhee and Suffolk were the heaviest at birth. Romnelet and Columbia lambs were lighter at weaning than those of Rambouillet, Targhee, and Suffolk.Fertility, prolificacy, and weaned lamb production were essentially the same in the four range breeds. Suffolk produced more weaned lamb than the other four breeds. There were no breed differences in the survival of lambs.Columbia exceeded all other breeds in production of grease and clean fleece weight. Suffolk produced the smallest amount of wool. Staple length of Columbia ewes was 4.3, 7.5, 18.6, 23.7 mm longer than that of Romnelet, Targhee, Suffolk, and Rambouillet ewes.

scholarly journals Different dietary fats influence serum and tissue lipids and anti-cardiolipin antibody levels in autoimmune-prone NZB/W F1 mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 81 (4) ◽  
pp. 331-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shih-Chen Chang ◽  
Bor-Luen Chiang ◽  
Wen-Mien Wu ◽  
Bi-Fong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Fish Oil ◽  
Palm Oil ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Kidney Tissue ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phospholipid Content ◽  
Early Feeding ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Antibody Levels

To investigate the influence of different dietary fats on lipids and anti-cardiolipin antibody levels, autoimmune NZB/W F1 mice were fed on diets containing 200 g dietary fat as palm oil, lard–soyabean oil (1:1, w/w), soyabean oil, rapeseed oil or fish oil/kg. In addition, each dietary fat group was divided into an early-feeding group with feeding from 2 months of age, and a late-feeding group with feeding from 5 months of age. Serum levels of triacylglycerol, phospholipid, cholesterol and anti-cardiolipin antibody were measured at regular intervals, and mice were killed at the age of 7 months for analysis of hepatic lipid and fatty acids. The results showed that hepatic triacylglycerol and cholesterol contents were lower in mice fed on fish oil than in those fed on palm oil. In contrast, hepatic phospholipid content was higher in mice of the fish oil group than in those of the other four dietary fat groups. Composition profiles for both hepatic and renal oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) were similar to those of the dietary fats in mice of both early-feeding and late-feeding groups. Fish oil intake decreased arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) concentration in kidney tissue but not in liver tissue. Serum triacylglycerol, cholesterol and phospholipid levels were lower in mice fed on fish oil than in those fed on palm oil. Immunoglobulin (Ig) M anti-cardiolipin antibody was lower for the fish oil group than for the other groups. The IgG anti-cardiolipin antibody level was significantly lower in mice fed on fish oil compared with that of the palm oil group only in the early-feeding group. There was a positive correlation between serum IgM anti-cardiolipin antibody and phospholipid levels (early-feeding group r 0·902, P < 0·05; late-feeding group r 0·894, P < 0·05). These findings suggest dietary fish oil may affect both lipid levels and anti-cardiolipin antibody, contributing to alleviation of the autoimmune process in autoimmune-prone NZB×NZW F1 mice.

scholarly journals Florivory defence: are phenolic compounds distributed non-randomly within perianths?

2020 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-25
Author(s):  
Saya Nakano ◽  
Michio Oguro ◽  
Tomoyuki Itagaki ◽  
Satoki Sakai
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Total Phenolics ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
The Other ◽  
Chemical Defences ◽  
Herbivore Attack ◽  
Statistical Support ◽  
Angiosperm Species ◽  
Optimal Defence

Abstract Plants might allocate chemical defences unequally within attractive units of flowers including petals, sepals, and bracts because of variations in the probability of florivory. Based on optimal defence theory, which predicts that plants allocate higher chemical defences to tissues with higher probabilities of herbivore attack, we predicted that distal parts and sepals would have higher chemical defence allocations than proximal parts and petals. To test this prediction, we compared total phenolics and condensed tannins concentrations as well as presence of florivory within attractive units of ten angiosperm species. In agreement with the prediction, the overall results showed that the distal parts had higher total phenolics and condensed tannins than the proximal parts. On the other hand, contrary to the prediction, petals and sepals showed no tissue-specific variations. Florivory was more severe on the distal parts than the proximal parts, although statistical support for the variation was slightly weak, while the variations in presence of florivory between petals and sepals differed between the distal and proximal parts. These results may support the prediction of the optimal defence theory because distal parts of attractive units had higher presence of florivory and concentration of chemical defences.

Cover crops as alternative forages for ruminants: nutritive characteristics, in vitro digestibility, methane and ammonia production

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gaëlle Maxin ◽  
Benoît Graulet ◽  
Aline Le Morvan ◽  
Fabienne Picard ◽  
Josiane Portelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
The Other ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Berseem Clover

Context The use of cover crops provides agronomic and environmental benefits in crop–livestock systems. They can also constitute alternative forage resources for ruminants, particularly when climatic conditions limit grass supply. However, information on the nutritive value of these crops remains scarce. Aims The objective of the present study was to assess the fresh forage potential of several plant species (sainfoin, buckwheat, phacelia, berseem clover, crimson clover and vetch) commonly used as cover crops and harvested at two phenological stages, namely, vegetative stage (VS) and flowering stage (FS). Methods Chemical composition and fermentation parameters after in vitro ruminal incubation of the plant species were measured and compared with those of lucerne. Key results Chemical composition and in vitro organic-matter digestibility varied both with species (P &lt; 0.001) and stage (P &lt; 0.001). Crude protein concentration (g/kg dry matter) varied at VS from 212 (sainfoin) to 151 (phacelia), and at FS from 187 (vetch) to 88 (phacelia). The in vitro organic-matter digestibility at VS varied from 0.91 (buckwheat) to 0.82 (lucerne), and at FS from 0.81 (vetch) to 0.74 (lucerne). Buckwheat and sainfoin had the greatest concentrations of condensed tannins and total phenolic compounds. The incubation of phacelia, sainfoin and buckwheat resulted in a lower production of volatile fatty acids than did incubation with the other plant species. Methane production was lower at both stages for phacelia (–26%), buckwheat (–12%), sainfoin (–14%) and berseem clover (–13%) than it was for lucerne. Ammonia production expressed as total N proportion was significantly lower for sainfoin and buckwheat than for the other plant species. The reductions in methane and ammonia appeared to be linked to certain phenolic compounds for buckwheat and to condensed tannins for sainfoin. Conclusions The present study showed that these cover crop species hold nutritive characteristics as good as lucerne, indicating that they could be suitable for ruminant nutrition. Moreover, buckwheat and sainfoin have potential beneficial effects on methane and ammonia production. Implications These results constitute a first step towards a recommendation to farmers to use cover crops as forage.

scholarly journals Phytochemical and Antibacterial Investigations of the Extracts and Fractions from the Stem Bark ofHymenaea stigonocarpaMart. ex Hayne and Effect on Ultrastructure ofStaphylococcus aureusInduced by Hydroalcoholic Extract

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gustavo Santiago Dimech ◽  
Luiz Alberto Lira Soares ◽  
Magda Assunção Ferreira ◽  
Anne Gabrielle Vasconcelos de Oliveira ◽  
Maria da Conceição Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
The Other ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Hydroalcoholic Extract ◽  
Chromatographic Fingerprints

The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial activity of different extracts and fractions obtained fromHymenaea stigonocarpastem barks. The cyclohexanic, ethyl acetate, ethanol, aqueous, and hydroalcoholic extracts were obtained by maceration. The hydroalcoholic extract was partitioned, which resulted in the ethyl acetate and aqueous fractions. All extracts and fractions were subjected to phytochemical screening and evaluation of total phenol and tannin contents. An HPLC-DAD and ultrastructural alterations analysis were performed. Terpenes and coumarins were detected in the cyclohexanic extract. Flavonoids and condensed tannins were present in the other extracts and fractions. The extracts with the highest contents of tannins, ethanol (EE), hydroalcoholic (HE), and aqueous fraction (AF) showed also the highest antimicrobial activity. The MIC values ranged from 64 to 526 µg/mL. The chromatographic fingerprints suggest the presence of astilbin and other flavonoids in EE and HE. Presence of the thick cell wall, undulating outer layer, abnormal septa, and leakage of the cytoplasmic contents and absence of cell wall and cell lyses were the main alterations observed onStaphylococcus aureusATCC 33591 after treatment with theHymenaea stigonocarpahydroalcoholic extract. The presence of phenolic compounds like flavonoids and tannins is possibly the reason for the antimicrobial activity.

37 Effects of Feeding Different Levels of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) Extract in a High-Roughage Total Mixed Ration on Manure Gas Emissions.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (suppl_1) ◽  
pp. 19-20
Author(s):  
A B Norris ◽  
L O Tedeschi ◽  
K D Casey ◽  
J C B Dubeux ◽  
J L Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Total Mixed Ration ◽  
Schinopsis Balansae ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Manure Gas

scholarly journals The Trophic Basis of Fish Assemblages in Temperate Estuarine and Coastal Ecosystems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Belinda K. Goddard ◽  
Alistair Becker ◽  
David Harasti ◽  
James A. Smith ◽  
Iain M. Suthers
Keyword(s):  
Fish Assemblages ◽  
The Other ◽  
Estuarine Fish ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Seagrass Habitat ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Coastal Fish ◽  
Functional Feeding Group ◽  
Feeding Group

Abstract More than half of the fish biomass of coastal rocky reefs depends on zooplankton; however, the trophic basis of estuarine fish assemblages remains unknown. We quantified the trophic basis (i.e. basal energy sources) of fish community biomass inhabiting three habitat types (seagrass, natural reef and artificial reef) in two estuaries, and at two coastal rocky reef sites. Estuarine fish assemblages were surveyed with Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUVs). Species abundance, richness and biomass of fish were classified into 9 functional feeding groups (3 elasmobranch and 6 teleost). Comparable metrics for coastal fish assemblages were obtained from published surveys using BRUV, remote underwater video and visual census survey methods. Using the functional feeding group biomass and the group-specific diet composition, the breakdown of energy sources was calculated using a food web analysis. Estuarine reef habitats had different species and different functional feeding group composition than seagrass habitat. The majority of fish biomass in the seagrass habitat was supported by detritus (51% at one estuary) or macrophytes (58% at the other estuary). In contrast, zooplankton supported most fish biomass (45-59%) at the coastal reef locations, and in reef habitat in one estuary (35-43%), but not the other estuary (33-34%). The trophic basis of estuarine and coastal fish assemblages reveals their potential response to urbanisation including changes to habitat, nutrient supply and current flow.

scholarly journals The use of ultrasonics in phenotype testing of rams

1976 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-406
Author(s):  
Tapani Hellman ◽  
Matti Ojala ◽  
Mikko Varo
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
The Other ◽  
Progeny Testing ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Feeding Group ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Group Weights

An experiment in developing phenotype testing of rams was begun in 1975. One of the investigated characteristics was the area of the MLD measured ultrasonically. The experiment consisted of 130 rams on two feeding levels. In one group the rams were fed both hay and concentrates ad libitum, while in the other group concentrates were restricted. 124 of the rams were ultrasonically photographed, 61 from the ad libitum and 63 from the restricted feeding group. Weights (5 mths), daily gains and areas of MLD were approximately 39.3 kg (s.d. 4.4), 249 g (42), 11.6 cm2 (1.35) and 33.1 kg (4.6), 182g (32) and 9.4 cm2 (0.96) respectively. The ultrasonic area of the MLD correlated 0.52 and 0.32 with the area measured from carcasss. As a rule the ultrasonic area of the MLD correlated positively with other measures of live animals and slaughter results, but correlations with measures of relative meatiness were almost all nonsignificant. In completing the information concerning dressing weight and quantity of meat given by live weight, the ultrasonic area of the MLD proved to be the best of the measures on live animals. The rams in this experiment came from all over Finland but the next stage will consist mostly of progeny of the rams now selected (the two best and the two medium ones from both groups). With progeny testing the success of selection based on phenotype will be checked.

scholarly journals Supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows with pasture silage, maize silage, Lotus silage or sulla silage in summer - does it increase production?

2002 ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
S.L. Woodward ◽  
A.V. Chaves ◽  
G.C. Waghorn ◽  
P.G. Laboyrie
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Maize Silage ◽  
Silage Maize

Forages suitable for supplementing pasture-fed dairy cows over summer-autumn must provide adequate dry matter (DM) and increase milk yield above that produced by cows grazing normal ryegrass/white clover pasture, without compromising milk composition. A trial was conducted in January-February 2001 to compare the benefits obtained from feeding four types of silage. There were two silages that contained condensed tannins (CT) (birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus) and sulla (Hedysarum coronarium)), maize silage or traditional ryegrass-dominant pasture silage, all fed at 5 kg DM/cow/d with restricted pasture. Cows on the restricted pasture (control) treatment and those fed the silage treatments were offered an allowance of 25 kg DM pasture/cow/d, while the full pasture cows were offered 50 kg DM pasture/cow/d. Silage supplementation, regardless of silage type, increased both total dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production compared with the restricted pasture treatment. Cows on the Lotus silage supplement, and the full pasture treatment had significantly higher milk yields than the other silage-supplemented cows, all of which had similar milk yields. For the Lotus silage treatment, the high milk yield was probably due to a combination of the higher nutritive value of the silage, and to the action of CT, because the total DMI of the cows on the Lotus silage was the same as that of cows on the pasture silage and maize silage. The high milk yield of the full pasture treatment was mainly a result of the cows having a significantly higher total DMI than cows on all the other treatments. This trial has demonstrated the potential benefit of silage supplementation, particularly with Lotus silage, for increased milksolids yield in summerautumn when low pasture growth rates and quality may otherwise limit production. Keywords: condensed tannins, dairy cows, Lotus, maize, milksolids, ryegrass, silage, sulla, supplementation

scholarly journals Seasonal Quality Assessment of Leaves and Stems of Fodder Ligneous Species

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 426-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoi M. PARISSI ◽  
Eleni M. ABRAHAM ◽  
Christos ROUKOS ◽  
Apostolos P. KYRIAZOPOULOS ◽  
Antonios PETRIDIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Robinia Pseudoacacia ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
The Other ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
The Impact

The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of seasonality on the chemical composition and concentration of phenolic compounds in some ligneous species. The research was conducted at the Aristotle University’s farm, Thessaloniki, Greece. From five ligneous species (Robinia pseudoacacia var. monophylla, Amorpha fruticosa, Colutea arborescens, Morus alba and Arbutus unedo) samples (leaves and twigs) were collected during two different seasons (spring and autumn). All samples were analyzed for crude protein (CP), Neutral Detergent Fiber (NDF), Acid Detergent Lignin (ADL) and in vitro dry matter (DM) digestibility (IVDMD), as well as for total phenols (TPH), total tannins (TT) and condensed tannins (CT). The CP content was generally lower and higher in leaves and stems of A. unedo and R. pseudoacacia, respectively compared to the other tested species. A. unedo had the highest values in NDF and ADL in leaves and the highest ADL content in stems. M. alba and C. arborescens in leaves and C. arborescens in stems had the lowest values of ADL content. M. alba had the significantly highest value in IVDMD and A. unedo the lowest one in both leaves and stems. Season had no significant effect on TPH, TT, and CT of leaves, while in stems they were significantly higher in autumn. A. unedo had the highest concentration of TPH, TT and R. pseudoacacia of CT in the leaves. TPH, TT, and CT concentration in stems was significantly higher in A. unedo. According to the findings, the impact of maturation on the type and the concentration of phenols and tannins is species-dependent.

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