Transporte activo: distancia entre el hogar y la escuela (Active transportation: distance between home and school)

La distancia hacia la escuela es el principal predictor del tipo de transporte que utilicen los escolares durante su desplazamiento a la institución educativa. El objetivo de este estudio es establecer la relación entre el trasporte activo y la distancia desde el hogar al centro educativo en población estudiantil en la región caribe colombiana. El diseño es de corte transversal en 3067 escolares de básica primaria matriculados en los grados de primero a quinto; se aplicó una encuesta a los padres de familia que midió el tipo de transporte hacia el colegio, la distancia entre la casa y la escuela, al tiempo que destina cada niño durante este recorrido, la existencia de vehículos en el hogar. Se consideró transporte activo al colegio, el desplazamiento en bicicleta y caminando. El 51.3% de los escolares usa un transporte activo para desplazarse de la casa al colegio, el 36.5% reside a una distancian mayor a 1,5 km de la escuela. Es mayor la probabilidad de usar transporte pasivo en distancias mayores a 1500 metros [OR=1,55 (IC 95% 1.34-1.8)]; en recorridos mayores de 15 minutos [OR=1.25 (IC 95% 1.1-1.45)]; y cuando en la familia se tiene vehículo [OR=4.04 (IC 95% 3.4-4.7)]. El transporte activo en la etapa escolar se relaciona con la distancia que se recorre para trasladarse del hogar a la escuela diariamente. Estos resultados contribuyen a diseñar intervenciones intersectoriales e interdisciplinares que incrementen los desplazamientos de los niños hacia modos activos. Abstract. Distance to school is the main predictor of the type of transport used by schoolchildren during their trip to the educational institution. The objective of this study was to establish the relationship between active transportation and the distance from home to the educational center in the student population in the Colombian Caribbean region. The design is cross-sectional in 3,067 elementary school students enrolled in grades one through five; a survey was applied to parents that measured the type of transportation to the school, the distance between the house and the school, the time each child spends during this journey, the existence of vehicles in the home. Active transportation to school, cycling, and walking were considered. 51.3% of schoolchildren use active transportation to get from home to school, 36.5% live at a distance greater than 1.5 km from the school. The probability of using motorized transport over distances greater than 1500 meters is greater [OR = 1.55 (95% CI 1.34-1.8)]; in runs longer than 15 minutes [OR = 1.25 (95% CI 1.1-1.45)]; and when the family has a vehicle [OR = 4.04 (95% CI 3.4-4.7)]. Active transportation in the school stage is related to the distance traveled to get from home to school daily. These results contribute to designing intersectoral and interdisciplinary interventions that increase children's movements towards active modes.

Case study: impact of interdisciplinary interventions in a 9-year-old male child with autism spectrum disorder

Purpose This study aims to highlight the need for an interdisciplinary intervention approach to bring noteworthy changes in children with an autism spectrum disorder. It proposes to study how holistic individualized therapeutic plans can promote functionality even in the adolescent age. This study aims to channelize the restricted abilities in a positive manner and make it, a strength for the child. Social-emotional development along with academic goals is also proposed. Design/methodology/approach The paper is based on an exploratory study where participant observation was the main tool. Unstructured interviews with the therapists were conducted and the background history was taken. Documents and assessments related to the case were referred. Findings The paper provides empirical insight into the impact of an interdisciplinary intervention on autism spectrum disorder. It suggests that speech therapy, occupational therapy, special education and counseling taken up as a holistic approach and modified as per the needs and competence of the child prove to be effective. It also becomes evident that intervention can help the child to become functional and meaningful even if the intervention is started a little late in life. Consistency and intensity of interventions along with compassion play a very positive role in the life of children with autism. Research limitations/implications As the approach taken describes one case in depth, there is less probability of generalization of results. Therefore, it suggests a wide scope of testing the proposed propositions further. Practical implications This paper includes implications for the children with autism spectrum disorder, who: are not able to get early intervention for some reason and the ones who have special restricted abilities. It also is an inspiration for the service providers to develop comprehensive and interdisciplinary plans of intervention. Social implications This will help parents who somehow miss providing interventions at an early age to be hopeful and to seek help. The results are encouraging so as to make children with autism spectrum disorder more functional and acceptable in their lives. Originality/value This paper worked on the identified needs of children with autism but found that their restricted abilities that are commonly found can be used and channelized positively to become a strength. There is a scope and hope to guide these children toward a functional life where they can connect with others around them and are accepted and included in society. Individualized and interdisciplinary interventions prove to make these children happier and confident.

Bio-Nanocarriers for Lung Cancer Management: Befriending the Barriers

Lung cancer is a complex thoracic malignancy developing consequential to aberrations in a myriad of molecular and biomolecular signaling pathways. It is one of the most lethal forms of cancers accounting to almost 1.8 million new annual incidences, bearing overall mortality to incidence ratio of 0.87. The dismal prognostic scenario at advanced stages of the disease and metastatic/resistant tumor cell populations stresses the requisite of advanced translational interdisciplinary interventions such as bionanotechnology. This review article deliberates insights and apprehensions on the recent prologue of nanobioengineering and bionanotechnology as an approach for the clinical management of lung cancer. The role of nanobioengineered (bio-nano) tools like bio-nanocarriers and nanobiodevices in secondary prophylaxis, diagnosis, therapeutics, and theranostics for lung cancer management has been discussed. Bioengineered, bioinspired, and biomimetic bio-nanotools of considerate translational value have been reviewed. Perspectives on existent oncostrategies, their critical comparison with bio-nanocarriers, and issues hampering their clinical bench side to bed transformation have also been summarized.

Teaming In Interdisciplinary Chronic Pain Management Interventions In Primary Care: A Systematic Review Protocol

BackgroundPatients with chronic cancer or non-cancer pain often struggle with physical, emotional, and psychological problems not easily addressed by a single clinician. Current pain management recommendations emphasize leveraging interdisciplinary teams. We aim to describe how we intend to identify key features of interdisciplinary team structures and processes associated with improved pain outcomes for patients experiencing chronic pain in primary care settings. Methods We will include randomized studies and systematic reviews of interventions involving teaming that address chronic or cancer-related pain. A systematic review of articles published in English and after 2009 in PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library will be conducted. The primary outcome will be a numeric, patient-reported pain score. Extracted data will include details about the team structures and processes used in the interdisciplinary interventions based in primary care. DiscussionThe intended systematic review will examine interventions that incorporate teamwork or teaming to manage chronic pain and will synthesize evidence as to which team structures and processes may help facilitate improved pain management, and thus improved pain outcomes. Results of this systematic review may help inform how to organize teams within primary care that will be most beneficial to chronic pain patients and highlight opportunities for future, high-quality randomized controlled trials exploring teaming models in primary care.Systematic review registration: PROSPERO #CRD42020191467

Digital Therapeutics in Parkinson’s Disease: Practical Applications and Future Potential

Digital therapeutics, treatments delivered remotely and enabled by modern technology, facilitate the provision of personalized, evidence-based, interdisciplinary interventions to manage the complexities associated with Parkinson’s disease. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the need for digital therapeutics has arguably never been greater. However, despite new advances in technology and a heightened interest due to the pandemic, digital therapeutics remain underdeveloped and underutilized. In this paper, we briefly review practical applications and emerging advances in digital therapeutic platforms that target motor and non-motor signs and healthy lifestyle behaviors such as regular exercise, a healthy diet and optimal sleep hygiene habits. Future applications which could transform personalized self-management and patient care are presented. Opportunities, drawbacks and barriers to access are discussed.

Pressure Injury Prevention and Management

Previous chapters have described how to implement and improve nutrition care with an emphasis on interdisciplinary approaches. The focus of this chapter is on the link between malnutrition and pressure injuries (PIs), focussing on nutritional screening, assessment and interdisciplinary interventions in preventing and managing PIs.

Territorialization As An Instrument For Expanding The Look Into The Territory: Experience Report

Objective: To describe the experience of undergraduate students in the process of territorialization of some micro areas in Recife. Methods: Work based on academic practices of the discipline Occupational Therapy in Public Health – UFPE, in the 2nd semester of 2019, where students follow the professional performance in Primary Care. Among the activities carried out by the Extended Nucleus of Family Health and Primary Care, where the occupational therapist is inserted, there is the territorialization that, in this experience, took place in two meetings, specifically in some micro areas of the Health District VIII. Results: During the walk in the territory, the Community Health Agents presented the history of the community and reported that the community initially had a very industrialized profile. Subsequently, families began to establish themselves and take ownership of the place where they live until today, with several establishments such as schools, community spaces, squares, etc. that strengthen their identity The morbidities that most affect the elderly, young and male population are, respectively, chronic diseases, Sexually Transmitted Infections and infectious diseases. Territorialization is important in the process of planning interdisciplinary interventions and through it, the biopsychosocial dimensions are recognized and bring necessary discussions for all levels of care (COUTINHO, 2017). Conclusion: After the experience of Territorialization, it was possible to understand part of the complexity that is the territory, as well as to identify the main demands of the visited micro areas. Together with the NASF team, the occupational therapist can facilitate health education activities not only with the population itself, but also with professionals from the Family Health Unit.

Adverse drug reactions associated with the use of biological agents

IntroductionBiotech drugs open new possibilities to treat diseases for which drug therapy is limited, but they may be associated with serious adverse drug reactions (ADRs).ObjectiveTo identify the ADRs associated with the use of biotech drugs in Colombia.MethodsThis was a retrospective study of ADR reports from 2014 to 2019, contained in the database of the pharmacovigilance program of Audifarma SA. The ADRs, groups of associated drugs, and affected organs were classified.ResultsA total of 5,415 reports of ADRs associated with biotech drugs were identified in 78 Colombian cities. A total of 76.1% of the cases corresponded to women. The majority were classified as type A (55.0%) and B (28.9%), and 16.7% were serious cases. The respiratory tract was the most commonly affected organ system (16.8%), followed by the skin and adnexa (15.6%). Antineoplastic and immunomodulatory drugs accounted for 70.6% of the reports, and the drugs related to the greatest number of ADRs were adalimumab (12.2%) and etanercept (11.6%).ConclusionsThere has been an incremental increase in the reporting of ADRs associated with the use of biotech drugs in the pharmacovigilance program, related to the strengthening and appropriation of the patient safety culture and improvement in the quality of the generated information. It is important to empower physicians and entire health teams to ensure the traceability of ADRs and to perform interdisciplinary interventions derived from pharmacovigilance at the individual and population levels.

Cardiac rehabilitation: referral and barriers

For many patients with CVD, CR offers an important introduction to secondary prevention. However, many do not enjoy the benefits of CR, often because they are not referred. Internationally, levels of CR attendance vary; overall, less than half of those eligible to attend do so. Patients who are least likely to be referred may benefit most from attendance: structured referral systems increase referral rates. Barriers to CR uptake exist at the levels of patients (education; adherence to healthy lifestyle advice; adherence to medication), healthcare providers (knowledge and motivation; risk stratification; post-discharge plans; inter-professional communication), and healthcare systems (availability of structured programmes; referral processes; performance measures). Multilevel interdisciplinary interventions are required to address these barriers.