Earthquake effects and insights on fault activity at the Beatrice Cenci cave (Abruzzo, Central Apennines)

he focus of this study is the analysis of a cave in Central Italy, the Beatrice Cenci cave, in order to point out and constrain evidence of possible past earthquakes and of fault activity in the area. We performed a survey of seismic related damages within the cave. This included the analysis of broken/collapsed speleothems, the recognition of structural collapse, of tilting/growth alteration in the speleothems, and the mapping of fractures, joints and/or faults. To timely set the occurrence of the recognized damage, organic sediments were dated with 14C radiocarbon method. The results merged toward the recognition of two distinct seismic shaking events affecting the cave environment, one older than 30 kyr and another around 7 kyr. The deformation observed within the cave led us to the hypothesis that the events of damage were possibly linked to the activity of the regional tectonic lineament that crosses the cave, i.e., the Liri normal fault. The morphology and the evolution of the cave appear controlled by the fault zone. These speleoseismological results provided a new contribution on the knowledge of the past activity of the Liri fault and on the earthquake history of this sector of Central Apennines.

Contextual MEG and EEG Source Estimates Using Spatiotemporal LSTM Networks

Most magneto- and electroencephalography (M/EEG) based source estimation techniques derive their estimates sample wise, independently across time. However, neuronal assemblies are intricately interconnected, constraining the temporal evolution of neural activity that is detected by MEG and EEG; the observed neural currents must thus be highly context dependent. Here, we use a network of Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) cells where the input is a sequence of past source estimates and the output is a prediction of the following estimate. This prediction is then used to correct the estimate. In this study, we applied this technique on noise-normalized minimum norm estimates (MNE). Because the correction is found by using past activity (context), we call this implementation Contextual MNE (CMNE), although this technique can be used in conjunction with any source estimation method. We test CMNE on simulated epileptiform activity and recorded auditory steady state response (ASSR) data, showing that the CMNE estimates exhibit a higher degree of spatial fidelity than the unfiltered estimates in the tested cases.

Development of a System of Standard Designs in Industrial Construction

The use of standard designs in construction is a topical subject of research within the frame of project management. Construction projects, especially industrial construction ones, are characterized by a great diversity of design and other solutions. Just about any new project produces new ways of resolving issues and involves looking for optimum constructive, planning, and other solutions. There arises the need to coordinate all parts of the work with the client, although essentially there is nothing particularly novel about the project, as many of the issues were already resolved in past activity. Quite naturally, many construction companies will look for tried-and-true solutions and strive for the unification and standardization of design work. This paper describes a set of tools for implementing a system of standard designs and proposes a set of ways to achieve one’s key design objectives.

New Perspectives on Predicting and Modifying Cognition in Older Adulthood

The underlying theme of my research is to advance our understanding of cognitive aging through early detection of cognitive decline and the promotion of positive lifestyle factors. I will present my past and recent work that uses new perspectives to predict and modify cognition with older age, specifically focusing on intraindividual variability in cognitive speed, and lifestyle activity engagement. This includes examining the utility of variability in cognitive speed, usually a predictor of decline, instead as a predictor of cognitive plasticity following activity interventions. Further, the association between activity engagement and later cognitive ability and dementia risk is more complex than first appears. I will present research that looks at critical issues about the activity-cognition relation from a different perspective, including unique frameworks investigating the ideal way to measure activity, and the duration of how long past activity can potentially impact cognition. Finally, I will discuss my future research directions.

SEBARAN KERAMIK ASING PADA MASA SRIWIJAYA (ABAD KE-7-13 MASEHI) DI PESISIR TIMUR SUMATERA BAGIAN SELATAN: BUKTI KRONOLOGI DAN HUBUNGAN INTERNASIONAL

Srivijaya is the largest maritime kingdom in Southeast Asia, trade is one of the main elements that makes it famous. The traces of his greatness are spread not only in South Sumatra but also in neighboring countries. Ceramics are one of the most archaeological remains found in various archaeological sites during the Srivijaya period in southern Sumatra. These fragments can be found in various characteristics of the site, from settlements to religions, and are a strong indication of past activity. Ceramic findings can lead us to explore not only the shape and decoration but also the origin of the object produced and the relative chronology of each of these ceramics. Further benefits of the findings of foreign ceramics, can be traced from past activities to international trade relations and even political. This article will discuss the findings of foreign ceramics in the South Sumatra region and the background of its existence in the past, especially in the Sriwijaya era. Qualitative method is a method used to discuss these problems, namely by analyzing the shape, origin and chronology of ceramics, and the relationship of their existence at each site. Aim of this article give an idea of the distribution of ancient ceramics especially from Cina which were in the archaeological sites of the Srivijaya period in South Sumatra in the 7th to 13th centuries AD (Sriwijaya era). The result of the research is an illustration of the distribution of types of Chinese ceramic findings found in Sriwijaya period sites based on shape and chronology so that their function and role can be determined. Sriwijaya merupakan kerajaan maritim terbesar di Asia Tenggara. Perdagangan merupakan salah satu unsur utama yang membuatnya terkenal. Keramik salah satu artefak yang paling banyak ditemukan diberbagai situs masa Sriwijaya di Sumatera bagian selatan. Fragmen keramik tersebut ditemukan diberbagai karakteristik situs, dari permukiman hingga keagamaan, dan merupakan salah satu indikasi kuat aktivitas masa lalu. Temuan keramik juga dapat mengetahui dimana diproduksi dan kronologi relatifnya. Manfaat lebih lanjut dari temuan keramik asing, dapat melacak aktivitas masa lalu hingga hubungan perdagangan internasional bahkan politis. Artikel ini akan membahas mengenai temuan keramik di wilayah Sumatera Selatan dan hal-hal yang melatarbelakangi keberadaanya di masa lalu terutama di masa Sriwijaya. Metode yang digunakan metode kualitatif dengan menganalisa bentuk, asal dan kronologi keramik serta hubungan keberadaannya pada tiap situs. Tujuan artikel ini memberikan gambaran tentang persebaran keramik kuno terutama dari Cina yang berada di Situs-situs arkeologi masa Sriwijaya di Sumatera Selatan pada abad ke-7 hingga abad ke-13 Masehi (masa Sriwijaya). Hasil penelitian berupa gambaran mengenai sebaran jenis temuan keramik Cina yang ditemukan di Situs-situs masa Sriwijaya berdasarkan bentuk dan kronologi sehingga dapat diketahui fungsi dan peranannya.

Activity of Enceladus and proto-Enceladus

<p><strong>Introduction</strong>: Enceladus, a satellite of Saturn, is the smallest celestial body in the Solar System where endogenic activity is observed. Since its accretion, Enceladus has lost about 20% of its mass.  This is the base of hypothesis about proto-Enceladus [1, 2]. It means that this satellite should be treated as new type of the celestial body, the body that is losing its mass as a result of internal activity.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Present </strong><strong>activity:  Activity</strong> of Enceladus is concentrated in the South Polar Terrain (SPT). The mass of matter ejected into space by volcanic activity of Enceladus is 200 kg s<sup>-1</sup> [e.g. 1, 2, 3].  We have suggested that this mass loss is a main driving mechanism of the present Enceladus’ tectonics [1, 2]. Usually the loss of matter from the body’s interior (or thermal contraction) lead to global compression of the crust. Typical effects of compression are: thrust faults, folding and subduction [5]. However, such forms are not dominant on Enceladus. We proposed tectonic model that could explain this paradox [1, 2, 5].</p><p> </p><p><strong>Proto-Enceladus: </strong>Just after the accretion, Enceladus could be substantially larger. Its radius was ~300 km. We  refer here this body as proto-Enceladus [2]. Two assumptions could be used for calculation of the size of proto-Enceladus. Both approaches give similar results [2]. Note also possible biological role of proto-Enceladus [6].</p><p> </p><p><strong>Past activity:</strong> There are some traces of past activity on the surface of Enceladus [4]. The traces could be interpreted as indication that the past activity was similar to the present one (similar features like ‘tiger stripes’), but we do not know how old are these traces.   </p><p> </p><p><strong>Model of activity: </strong>We found some places where signs of the past activity are observed. However, we need a better model of this activity. The only known type of activity is the center in SPT. Are other forms of activity possible? We uses numerical model to find these other possible forms. Preliminary results indicate some possibility of smaller centers. Calculations indicate also that that the activity could be periodic.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Future activity center: </strong>We suggested that ovoid-shaped depression down to 2 km deep, of size 200×140 km with the centre at 200E, 15S is a good candidate for the future center [5]. However, our recent calculations using numerical model are presently inconclusive.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Acknowledgements: </strong>The research is partly supported by BST funds of the University of Warsaw. We are grateful also to the ICM.</p><p> </p><p><strong>References</strong></p><p>[1] Czechowski, L. (2014)  EGU 2014, Vienna.</p><p>[2] Czechowski, L. (2014) Planet. Sp. Sc. 104, 185-199</p><p>[3] Kargel, J.S. (2006) Science 311, 1389–1391.</p><p> [4] Spencer, J. R., et al. (2009), Enceladus: An Active Cryovolcanic Satellite, in: M.K. Dougherty et al. (eds.), Saturn from Cassini-Huygens, Springer, Sciencep. 683.</p><p>[5] L. Czechowski (2017) Presented in EPSC 2017.</p><p>[6] L. Czechowski (2018) Geological Quarterly 62, 1, 172-180.</p>

DISONANSI MEMORI MONUMEN KOLONIAL: STUDI KASUS TUGU CORNELIS CHASTELEIN, DEPOK, JAWA BARAT

Dissonant Memories of Colonial Monument: A Case Study of Cornelis Chastelein Monument, Depok Jawa Barat. Material remains from the colonial period are still marginalized from the development of archaeological research in Indonesia. In contrast, monuments, sites, or other material remains from this period are memory repository of identity struggle, development discourse, and social pattern that shaped the modern life of Indonesian society. This article examined how the Old Depok society commemorates Cornelis Chastelein, a VOC high-ranker, who liberated their ancestors and introduced Christianity to them in the form of monument. Contrary to the Old Depok society, the rebuilding of the monument of Cornelis Chastelein was opposed by the Depok government because it is considered as an act to bring back memories of colonialism. This study is using an oral history approach by interviewing Old Depok people, academics, and historical observers as key informants. The concept of dissonant memory is used to analyze interactions and negotiations in the case of the monument of Chastelein conflict. Based on this research, it is known that material remains from the colonial period have diverse values for each element of society and creates new social dynamics in the present. This article argues that archeology is not only useful for reconstructing past activity but it also can reflect present life to construct a better future. Abstrak. Tinggalan materi yang berasal dari masa kolonial masih termarjinalkan dari perhatian perkembangan penelitian arkeologi di Indonesia. Perlu diketahui bahwa monumen, situs, atau tinggalan materi lainnya yang berasal dari masa itu menyimpan memori tentang perjuangan identitas, penentuan arah pembangunan, dan pola kehidupan sosial yang membentuk karakter masyarakat Indonesia masa kini. Artikel ini membahas bagaimana masyarakat Depok Lama mengabadikan memori sosok Cornelis Chastelein, salah seorang petinggi VOC, yang telah memerdekakan leluhur mereka dari perbudakan dan memperkenalkan ajaran agama Kristen dalam wujud sebuah monumen. Di sisi lain, pembangunan kembali Tugu Cornelis Chastelein pada 2014 mendapatkan pertentangan dari Pemerintah Kota Depok karena dianggap membawa kembali ingatan terhadap kejamnya penjajahan. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode sejarah lisan dengan mewawancarai warga masyarakat Depok Lama, akademisi, dan pemerhati sejarah sebagai informan utama. Konsep disonansi memori dipakai untuk menganalisis interaksi dan negosiasi yang tercipta dalam kasus perseteruan pembangunan Tugu Cornelis Chastelein. Patut diketahui bahwa tinggalan budaya materi dari masa kolonial memiliki nilai yang beragam bagi setiap elemen masyarakat dan dapat menciptakan dinamika sosial yang baru pada masa kini. Artikel ini berargumen bahwa ilmu arkeologi tidak hanya berguna untuk keperluan merekonstruksi kehidupan masa lalu, tetapi juga merefleksikan kehidupan masa kini untuk mengonstruksi kehidupan yang akan datang.

Croatia and the Chinese “17+1” Cooperation Framework

Since the Pelješac bridge construction project was awarded to the Chinese company China Road and Bridge Cooperation (CRBC) in January 2018, the Sino-Croatian relations reached a new high point. Since then, and contrary to Croatia’s past activity and interest, Croatia not only opted to more actively participate in the “17+1” cooperation framework, but even stepped forward by hosting the latest “17+1” summit, held in April 2019. The rekindled relations have since been, on the surface, bursting with possibilities regarding investment, exchanges of personnel, and cooperation on various levels. However, years of neglect, especially on the Croatian side, had created a situation in which Croatia is critically falling behind in experts, Chinese-speaking talents, and various aspects of knowledge needed to support this level of cooperation. Furthermore, judging by the press releases and the lack of clarifications from the Croatian government regarding the short-term decisions and the long-term direction the renewed Sino-Croatian friendship is taking, general understanding of how concepts such as the “17+1” or the Belt and Road Initiative actually reflect on Croatia with regards to their influence on the wider regional and global circumstances is also lacking. This paper analyses the width of the uneven approach China and Croatia are taking in the development of their relations and will attempt to address the issues and challenges that could arise from this unevenness.

The GLEAM 4-Jy Sample: The brightest radio-sources in the southern sky

Low-frequency radio emission allows powerful active galactic nuclei (AGN) to be selected in a way that is unaffected by dust obscuration and orientation of the jet axis. It also reveals past activity (e.g. radio lobes) that may not be evident at higher frequencies. Currently, there are too few “radio-loud” galaxies for robust studies in terms of redshift-evolution and/or environment. Hence our use of new observations from the Murchison Widefield Array (the SKA-Low precursor), over the southern sky, to construct the GLEAM 4-Jy Sample (1,860 sources at S151MHz > 4 Jy). This sample is dominated by AGN and is 10 times larger than the heavily relied-upon 3CRR sample (173 sources at S178MHz > 10 Jy) of the northern hemisphere. In order to understand how AGN influence their surroundings and the way galaxies evolve, we first need to correctly identify the galaxy hosting the radio emission. This has now been completed for the GLEAM 4-Jy Sample – through repeated visual inspection and extensive checks against the literature – forming a valuable, legacy dataset for investigating relativistic jets and their interplay with the environment.