IDENTIFIKASI JENIS KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp) DI HUTAN PENYANGGA DUSUN SEPAN DESA LANJAK DERAS KECAMATAN BATANG LUPAR KABUPATEN KAPUAS HULU

Nepenthes is a type of liana plant (vines) that can grow and develop in the tropical rain forest area. Nepenthes' appearance is very exotic because at of the leaf sheet pockets, appear with different colors and sizes. The unique characteristic that makes this plants different from others. The ability to catch insects that are used as nutrients to help their growth and development, marked by the formation of pockets at the tips of their leaves. The purpose of this research is to identify the species and sites of Nepenthes growth. Obtaining Nepenthes data found in the buffer forests of Sepan sub-village, Lanjak Deras Village, Batang Lupar District, Kapuas Hulu Regency. This study used a field survey method, with multiple plot technique. 45 observational plots were made with a size of 2 x 2 meters each. Six Nepenthes species were found, namely N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana. The most common type found in the study site in the Buffor Forest Sepan sub-village, Lanjak Deras Village, is the type of Nepenthes gracilis with a total of 829 individuals. The fewest species found were Nepenthes bicalcarata with 17 individuals. Five from the six types of Nepenthes spp found at the research location were in the IUCN Red List, namely N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana and N. reinwardtiana included in conservation status, Least Concern (LC) or low risk (IUCN Red List, 2016)Keywords : Identification, Nepenthes, Lanjak Deras sub-village.AbstrakNepenthes merupakan jenis tanaman liana (sulur) yang dapat tumbuh dan berkembang di kawasan hutan hujan tropis. Penampilan Nepenthes sangat eksotik karena pada kantong-kantong lembaran daun, muncul dengan warna dan ukuran yang berbeda. Ciri khas yang membuat tanaman ini berbeda dari yang lain. Kemampuan menangkap serangga yang digunakan sebagai nutrisi untuk membantu pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya, ditandai dengan terbentuknya kantong-kantong pada ujung daunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies dan tempat tumbuhnya Nepenthes. Memperoleh data Nepenthes yang ditemukan di hutan penyangga Dusun Sepan, Desa Lanjak Deras, Kecamatan Batang Lupar, Kabupaten Kapuas Hulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei lapangan, dengan teknik multiple plot. Dibuat 45 petak pengamatan dengan ukuran masing-masing 2 x 2 meter. Enam spesies Nepenthes yang ditemukan yaitu N. ampullaria, N. bicalcarata, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana, N. reinwardtiana. Jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan di lokasi penelitian di Dusun Sepan Hutan Kerbau, Desa Lanjak Deras, adalah jenis Nepenthes gracilis dengan jumlah total 829 individu. Jenis yang paling sedikit ditemukan adalah Nepenthes bicalcarata dengan jumlah 17 individu. Lima dari enam jenis Nepenthes spp yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian berada dalam Daftar Merah IUCN, yaitu N. ampullaria, N. gracilis, N. mirabilis, N. rafflesiana dan N. reinwardtiana termasuk dalam status konservasi, Least Concern (LC) atau berisiko rendah (Daftar Merah IUCN, 2016)Kata kunci : Identifikasi, Nepenthes, Dusun Lanjak Deras.

Exploration of pitcher plants in University of Palangka Raya

Background: This research is a pilot project of plant diversity, especially the pitcher plant species (Nepenthes sp) at Palangka Raya University. The study aimed at identifying the pitcher plants (Nepenthes sp.) at Palangka Raya University. In August-November 2020 conducted this research.Methods: Data on the diversity of pitcher plants were collected using the exploring method. Data analysis used a literature study to identified using the identification book of pitcher plants. Results: The study results found three pitcher plant species in the forest on the campus of Palangka Raya University. The pitcher plants are Nepenthes mirabilis (Lour.) Druce, Nepenthes gracilis Korth., and Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack. Conclusions: The range of environmental parameter values ​​is air temperature 28-380C, medium-open coverage, 62-98% humidity, and soil pH of 5-7.5.

Pola Penyebaran Tumbuhan Kantong semar (Nepenthes) di Kawasan Hutan Sultan Daulat Kota Subulussalam Provinsi Aceh

Kantong Semar (Nepenthes) tergolong tumbuhan karnivora yang dapat di temukan di beberapa hutan di Indonesia dengan beragam bentuk.Keunikan tumbuhan ini berasal dari kantong yang di modifiaksi oleh daun sebagai mekanisme pertahanan diri untuk mendapatkan makanan. Kawasan hutan Sultan Daulat Kota Subulusaalam Provinsi Aceh tepatnya di perbukitan yang di tumbuhi paku resam yang menjadi salah satu habitat dari tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes). Penelitian ini penting di lakukan karena belum adanya data mengenai tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes) di daerah tersebut.Penelitian ini di lakukan pada bulan Januari 2021 yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tumbuahn Kantong Semar (Nepenthes) serta pola penyebarannya. Penelitian ini mengguanakan metode survey eksploratif yaitu dengan cara jelajah langsung dan penentuan jalur pengamatan mengguanakan jalut transek senanyak 5 transek, tiap transek di buat 5 plot, luas plot pengamatan 20 x 20 m yang ditempatkan secara purposif sampling. Hasil penelitian di temukan 4 spesies tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes), yaitu: Nepenthes ampullaria 51 individu, Nepenthes gracilis 143 individu, Nepenthes mirabilis 171 individu, dan Nepenthes reinwardtiana 98 indidu. Pola penyebaran tumbuhan Kantong Semar (Nepenthes) di kawasan hutan Sultan Daulat yang di uji dengan Standart Indeks Morisita Ip > 0 menunjukkan pola penyebaran tergolong mengelompok (Clumped).

Distribusi Nepenthes spp. di Hutan Kalampangan

Kalampangan peat swamp forests in Central Kalimantan is home for Nepenthes spp. However, the number of Nephentes has been reduced due to massive forest fires and land conversion for housing and agricultural purposes. Nepenthes is a unique plant with ability to prey insects, hence often referred to as 'insectivorous plant'. This study investigates the distribution of Nepenthes spp. in Kalampangan forest through ground check and qualitative descriptive approach. A total of six observation plots measuring of 2m x 2m were used purposively. The results show there are four Nepenthes species found, namely Nepenthes gracilis, Nepenthes mirabilis, Nepenthes gracilis cortis, and Nepenthes ampularia. The highest Morisita index is 1.06 while the lowest one is 1.01.

POPULASI DAN KARAKTERISASI FENOTIP KANTONG SEMAR (Nepenthes spp.) DI TAMAN KEANEKARAGAMAN HAYATI HUTAN PELAWAN KABUPATEN BANGKA TENGAH, PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG

Kantong semar (Nepenthes spp.) merupakan tumbuhan yang mampu menjebak serangga dan binatang kecil lainnya. Tercatat sebanyak 139 jenis tersebar di Asia Tenggara. Di provinsi Bangka Belitung, Nepenthes spp. ditemukan di Taman Keanekaragaman Hayati Hutan Pelawan. Informasi data mengenai karakteristik fenotif dan habitat Nepenthes spp. belum pernah dilaporkan. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mendata jumlah populasi dari masing-masing jenis dan mengkarakterisasi fenotip Nepenthes spp. Metode pengambilan data menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menemukan 3 spesies yaitu Nepenthes gracilis Korth dengan populasi sebanyak 348 individu, Nepenthes rafflesiana Jack dengan populasi sebanyak 18 individu dan Nepenthes ampullaria Jack dengan populasi sebanyak 45 individu. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) sebesar 0,36 dan tergolong rendah. Karakteristik fenotif jumlah daun steril berkisar 2-37 helai, daun fertil berkisar 1-12 helai, panjang daun berkisar 9,5-37,2 cm, lebar daun berkisar 1,7-8,2 cm dan tebal daun berkisar 2,1-3,6 mm. Panjang kantong berkisar 3,4-22,2 cm dan diameter kantong berkisar 1,6-4,4 cm. Bentuk silinder (gracilis), tempayan (ampullaria), terompet (rafflesiana kantong atas), bulat telur (rafflesiana kantong bawah). Variasi corak kantong berupa bintik-bintik merah, sayap dan renda bervariasi, kantong atas tidak bersayap, yang bersayap umumnya kantong bawah dan ber-renda, tutup kantong terdiri atas bentuk proporsional dan tak proporsional. Panjang batang berkisar 44-550 cm, diameter batang berkisar 7,0-8,5 mm dan panjang sulur berkisar 1,0-34,4 cm. Posisi sulur terdiri atas posisi membelakangi, menyamping dan di depan mulut kantong. Kata kunci: karakteristik fenotif, keanekaragaman, Nepenthes spp.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF NEPENTHES IN PEAT SWAMP AREA OF TULUNG SELAPAN, SOUTH SUMATERA

This study is aimed to recognise the morphological characteristics of Nepenthes mirabilis and Nepenthes gracilis in peat swamp area including stem, leaf, tendril, pitcher, flower, fruit, and seed. This study has been conducted in January until April 2018, located in Petaling Village Tulung Selapan Sub-District, Ogan Komering Ilir, South Sumatera. This study uses an exploratory method and the the observation sample using the method of random plot is chosen by purposive sampling. Parameters observed morphological characteristics of Nepenthes include stems, leaves, tendrils, pitcher, flower, adn fruit, as well as measurement of environmental factors. Based on the study, the researcher obtained two types of Nepenthes which are Nepenthes mirabilis and Nepenthes gracilis in peat swamp area of Petaling Village Tulung Selapan Sub-District, Ogan Komering Ilir. Nepenthes mirabilis has a teres stem, leaves that in the form of oblong to lanceolate, has a petiolate, the edge of the leaves is flat covered by smoothy hair, thick peristome in size of 0,4-0,5 cm. Meanwhile stem Nepenthes gracilis has triangular stem, leaves in formed of lanceolate, sessile, flat edge of leaves, thin peristome in size of 0,1-0,2 cm. The pitcher shape of Nepenthes mirabilis and Nepenthes gracilis are cylindrical, infundibulate, and waist. The flower of Nepenthes mirabilis and Nepenthes gracilis are compound in type of raceme inflorescences. The fruit is formed as capsula, has four lobed, and contains numerous seeds. The seed is spindle-like and white colored.

KEANEKARAGAMAN NEPENTHES DI KECAMATAN SIPIROK

<em>This research aims to determine the diversity of Nepenthes species in Sipirok sub-district. Location determination research using survey method. The collection of the data is performed using the methods of exploration. Found 7 types of Nepenthes eustachya Nepenthes i.e., Nepenthes ovata, Nepenthes gracilis, Nepenthes rhombicaulis, Nepenthes reinwardtiana, Nepenthes tobaica and Nepenthes reinwardtiana natural silangan one x Nepenthes tobaica. Nepenthes found the lowlands and the Highlands. Nepenthes eustachya is found at an altitude of 1008 mdpl, where this type previously found only in lowland Sumatra.</em>

Motile traps

We review the biomechanics, functional morphology, and physiology of motile traps. The movements of snap traps in Aldrovanda and Dionaea, motile adhesive traps in Drosera and Pinguicula, and suction traps in Utricularia are driven by active water displacement processes leading to reversible turgor changes of motor cells, irreversible growth, or mechanical pre-stressing of tissues. In some cases, the motion is amplified by the release of elastic energy stored in these tissues. The only known case of a passive motile trapping movement is the ‘springboard’ trapping mechanism of Nepenthes gracilis, in which a rapid vibration of the pitcher lid is actuated by the impact force of raindrops. Open research questions are summarized and future studies are suggested.