scholarly journals REPRESENTATION OF IMAGE-SCHEME CONTAINER WITH IN-OUT ORIENTATION IN THE ENGLISH-LANGUAGE FICTIONAL TEXT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yakiv Bystrov ◽  
Lidia Teslyuk
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
English Language ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Interpretive Analysis ◽  
Image Schema ◽  
The Relationship

This article highlights the parameters of figurative conceptualization of the set of knowledge about the world and reveals cognitive specifics of metaphorical conceptualization of the CONTAINER image-schema with IN-OUT orientation in the English literary text. The article proves that the conceptualization process within the CONTAINER image-schema is based on Langacker’s "viewing metaphor", which is associated with human experience, based on our ability to see and perceive objects in our field of view. Metaphorical extensions of the CONTAINER image-schema conceptualize different spheres of reality, because they establish the relationship between the source domain (the concept based on human physical experience) and the target domain (abstract concept). In Doris Lessing's short story "To Room Nineteen", the authors found conceptual metaphors structured by the CONTAINER image-schema with the corresponding domains, which are verbalized by prepositions in, inside, into, out, adjectives inner, filled, full, etc. Dominant conceptual domains were selected: HOUSE, ROOM, GARDEN, MARRIAGE, BODY, HOTEL ROOM. The method of interpretive analysis was used to determine that the conceptual metaphors HOUSE is PRISON, MARRIAGE is PRISON and BODY is PRISON are involved in the formation of metaphors LIFE is PRISON, DEATH is LIBERATION, which are also structured by the CONTAINER image-schema. The relationships between the target domains HOUSE, MARRIAGE, BODY and the source domain PRISON are established by the following words and phrases: "freedom", "living out prison sentence", "prisoner", "never being free", "she felt even more caged”, “forbade”, “barred”. In addition, the death of the main character of the short story is described as a process of drifting into a dark river. As a result, according to the metaphor DEATH is LIBERATION, the image of the river in the story becomes a symbol of freedom. Thus, the conceptual metaphors reveal the problem of a woman sacrificing her own identity for the sake of family life. On the example of the main character of the short story, we can see that such a problem leads to suicide.

The Concept of Animals in Balinese Proverbs

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
I Wayan Budiarta ◽  
Ni Wayan Kasni
Keyword(s):  
Short Story ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
The Body ◽  
Biological Characteristic ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Mapping Process

This research is aimed to figure out the syntactic structure of Balinese proverbs, the relation of meaning between the name of the animals and the meaning of the proverbs, and how the meanings are constructed in logical dimension. This research belongs to a qualitative as the data of this research are qualitative data which taken from a book entitled Basita Paribahasa written by Simpen (1993) and a book of Balinese short story written by Sewamara (1977). The analysis shows that the use of concept of animals in Balinese proverbs reveal similar characteristics, whether their form, their nature, and their condition. Moreover, the cognitive processes which happen in resulting the proverb is by conceptualizing the experience which is felt by the body, the nature, and the characteristic which owned by the target with the purpose of describing event or experience by the speech community of Balinese. Analogically, the similarity of characteristic in the form of shape of source domain can be proved visually, while the characteristic of the nature and the condition can be proved through bodily and empirical experiences. Ecolinguistics parameters are used to construct of Balinese proverbs which happen due to cross mapping process. It is caused by the presence of close characteristic or biological characteristic which is owned by the source domain and target domain, especially between Balinese with animal which then are verbally recorded and further patterned in ideological, biological, and sociological dimensions.

Iranian EFL Learners' Cognitive Styles and Their Explanations of Conceptual Metaphors

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
Somaye Piri ◽  
Dara Tafazoli
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Cognitive Styles ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Metaphor Processing

The current study aims to investigate Iranian EFL learners' cognitive styles and their explanations of conceptual metaphors, offering a possible range of individual differences in metaphor processing. 71 participants were asked to explain some established conceptual metaphors that are commonly used in English. Then, their cognitive styles were classified into “analytic” or “holistic” and “imager” or “verbalizer” by means of cognitive styles test. Data analysis revealed that 29 participants (40.85%) explained the three conceptual metaphors by making structural correspondences between source and target domain. Moreover, 20 participants (28.17%) explained at least one of the metaphors by applying elements which were not part of the source domain. The results of the experiment revealed that learners with “holistic” cognitive styles were more likely to blend their conception of the target domain with the source domain in comparison to participants with “analytic” styles; also, “imagers” were more likely than “verbalizers” to refer to stereotypical images to explain the metaphors.

scholarly journals Relationship of Characters and Illustration in Short Story 9 Dari Nadira By Leila S. Chudori

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-101
Author(s):  
Sri Ayu Kusumaningsih ◽  
Ahmad Bahtiar
Keyword(s):  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Semiotic Theory ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

This study is to find out the relationship of characters to illustrations in a collection of 9short stories from NadiraKarya Leila S. Chudori. In the collection, there are four short stories that contain illustrations of the main characters namely "Melukis Langit”, "Tasbih", "Sebilah Pisau", and "At Pedder Bay". The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method by using Charles Sanders Pierce's Semiotic Theory which includes sign and object. The study of characterization or characterization is done in two methods namely direct (telling) and indirect (showing). The results of  this study indicate that out of the 4 short stories analyzed only 3 short stories that have character relationships with illustrations, namely the short story "Melukis Langit", "Tasbih" and "Sebilah Pisau". Short story of "Melukis Langit" depicts Nadira's character who is strong against her father's behavior since the death of his mother. The short story illustration shows Nadira crying in the bathroom to vent her sadness. Short story "Tasbih" describes Mr. X with a mysterious character illustrated by showing Mr. X's face full of mystery while the short story "Sebilah Pisau" tells Kris who is Nadira's secret admirer. Kris's character is displayed with illustrations illustrating the event when Nadira was surprised to see Kris's table filled with Nadira's picture. Short story "At Pedder Bay" tells Nadira's old friend Marc who is also an admirer of Nadira for a long time. The main character, Marc in this short story is not illustrated in the illustration. The short story shows a background, namely the lake and the figure of the woman sitting pensively. 

scholarly journals A Cognitive-Semantic Study of Conceptual Metaphors in English News Reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Hoshang Farooq Jawad ◽  
Aram Kamil Noori
Keyword(s):  
Life Experiences ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Political News ◽  
News Reports ◽  
Conversational Language

This study explores how the development of the conceptual metaphor theory opened new horizons into the way language can be manipulated in the portrayal of the world and our immediate and distant environment of which news, including political news are part. Moreover, political news is the most pervasive type we continually come into contact in our daily communication.  Conceptual metaphor is a relation between two conceptual domains, namely, source domain which is concrete, and target domain which is abstract. For example, ARGUMENT IS WAR. We conceptualize and understand "ARGUMENT", the target domain, in terms of "WAR", and the source domain via a process called "mapping". The goal of the study is to carry out a cognitive analysis of conceptual metaphors used in political news reports and how reports of the two newspapers construe political issues reflected in their reports. Accordingly, the study aims to provide answers to such questions as:  How common are conceptual metaphors in English news reports of the online political register?  What types of conceptual metaphors are used in news reports in English newspapers?  How conceptual metaphors are experimentally based to human beings' life experiences? Based upon these research questions, it is hypothesized that Conceptual metaphors are argued to be as common in the news reports of the political register as they are in daily conversational language. Some types of conceptual metaphors are argued to be more common than others in the register in question. Moreover, all the conceptual metaphors are argued to have experiential bases which are related to our life experiences. Index Terms— conceptual metaphor, source domain, target domain, invariance principle, news reports.

scholarly journals Aspek Sosial Pada Tokoh Utama dalam Cerpen Mahou Hakase

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Azimatusy Syahidah ◽  
Idah Hamidah ◽  
Eko Kurniawan
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Short Stories ◽  
Short Story ◽  
Public Speaking ◽  
Social Aspects ◽  
Main Character ◽  
Good Relationship ◽  
The Social ◽  
The University ◽  
The Relationship

This research in entitled “The Social Aspects of the Main Characters in Mahou Hakase Short Stories”. The purpose of this research is to know the social aspects including habitus, capital, domain, and practice of the main character named Genko Sensei in the short story of Mahou Hakase by Iwaya Sazanami. The theory used is the theory of literary sociology popularized by Pierre Bourdieu regarding habitus, capital, domain, and practice. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods as well as data collection by referring to and taking notes. The data used in the form of paragraphs, sentences, and dialogs in the short story. The results of this study found 38 sosial aspects including 7 habitus, 11 capital, 4 domains, and 16 practices owned by Genko Sensei. Habitus that he had was a good relationship, considered to be good and honest, and able to change bad habits into good. This he combined with capital held in the form of money, a college degree, public speaking skills, do not hesitate to act, confident, good cooperation skills and magic abilities. By utilizing the habitus and capital, Genko Sensei able to do a lot of practice (such as lingers though without legs, grow horns to fight the enemy, and others) to master the realm of Germany, the University, and the Palace. In the end, he was able to become famous, get a degree, defeat the enemy, gain power by winning the hearts of the King at the palace, and received a lot of gifts. Above aligned with Pierre Bourdieu's theory about the relationship habitus, capital, and domains, resulting in practice to seize power.

Three Filmmaking Practices That Guide Our Attention to Popular Cinema

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-26
Author(s):  
James E. Cutting
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
English Language ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Popular Cinema ◽  
The Third ◽  
Movie Content ◽  
Fixation Locations ◽  
Similar Content ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Popular movies are constructed to control our attention and guide our eye movements across the screen. Estimates of fixation locations were made by manually moving a cursor and clicking over frames at the beginnings and ends of more than 30,000 shots in 24 English-language movies. Results provide evidence for three general filmmaking practices in screen composition. The first and overriding practice is that filmmakers generally put the most import content ‒ usually the center of a character’s face ‒ slightly above the center of the screen. The second concerns two-person conversations, which account for about half of popular movie content. Dialogue shots alternate views of the speakers involved, and filmmakers generally place the conversants slightly to opposite sides of the midline. The third concerns all other shots. For those, filmmakers generally follow important content in one shot by similar content in the next shot on the same side of the vertical midline. The horizontal aspect of the first practice seems to follow from the nature of our field of view and vertical aspect from the relationship of heads to bodies depicted. The second practice derives from social norms and an image composition norm called nose room, and the third from the consideration of continuity and the speed of re-engaging attention.

scholarly journals Die Gees (πνεῦμα) en vrede (εἰρήνη) met God teenoor die Vlees (σάρξ) en vyandskap (ἔχθρα) met God in Romeine 8:6–8

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Venter
Keyword(s):  
Diplomatic Relations ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Relationship With God ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Decisive Influence ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Romans 8

The Spirit (πνεῦμα) and peace (εἰρήνη) with God as opposed to the Flesh (σάρξ) and hostility (ἔχθρα) with God in Romans 8:6–8. A surprising number of exegetes do not address the question to what exactly εἰρήνη refers in Romans 8:6. The rest seem to be divided between interpreting it as an unspecified (eschatological) state of peace (šalôm), peace with one’s fellow humans, or peace with God. Based on the textual context, this article argues that the latter interpretative option is best. In terms of metaphor, the relevant target domain here is that of the relationship with God, while the source domain reflected probably is that of diplomatic relations. In addition, peace (with God) here must be understood in relation to the rule of the Spirit, the decisive influence upon those who live κατὰ πνεῦμα (Rom 8:4–5). Antithetically, personified flesh rules over those who are ἐν σαρκί (Rom 8:8). This leads to a disposition of enmity toward God as well as the inability to submit to his law. For Paul being ruled by the Spirit, as a consequence of being reconciled with God through Christ (Rom 5:1, 10; 8:3–4), is a crucial aspect of being at peace with God.

scholarly journals Metaphorical Conceptualization of Food in Jordanian Arabic

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-107
Author(s):  
Rose Aljanada ◽  
Aseel Alfaisal
Keyword(s):  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Jordanian Arabic ◽  
Source Domain

This article studies the different food conceptual metaphors in Jordanian Arabic through the study of different food-related idioms and proverbs. A corpus was built by collecting the largest possible number of food-related idioms and proverbs used in Jordanian Arabic, regardless of the dialect, using a survey containing open-ended questions. The collected food-related idioms and proverbs were categorized according to the target domain into which the metaphors are mapped. Food in Jordanian Arabic food as a source domain can be mapped into the following target domains: IDEAS, EXPERIENCE, TEMPERAMENT, GAINING MONEY UNLAWFULLY, WINNING , DECEIVING, COOPERATION, SCHEMING and TALKING NONESENSE. These target domains form the following Conceptual Metaphors: IDEAS ARE FOOD, GOING THROUGH AN EXPEREINCE IS EATING IT, TEMPERAMENT IS FOOD, GAINING MONEY UNLAWFULLY IS EATING IT, WINNING IS EATING , DECEIVING IS MIXING INGREDIENTS, COOPERATION IS SHARING FOOD, SCHEMING IS COOKING TOGETHER and TALKING NONESENSE IS KNEADING.

scholarly journals Translation of Metaphor from the Perspective of Cognitive Linguistics

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. p12
Author(s):  
Li Chunying
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Linguistics ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Straightforward Manner ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Direct Translation ◽  
Translation Strategy ◽  
Free Translation ◽  
Image Schema

Metaphor not only contains the characteristic connotation of the language itself, but also the words that cannot be expressed in a straightforward manner. The traditional metaphor view holds that metaphor is only used to beautify and modify language, but cognitive linguistics regards metaphor as a mapping of thinking, mainly through people’s existing experience and knowledge to understand new things, that is to say, from a known concept domain to understand another unknown concept domain. Therefore, metaphor can be regarded as a medium for establishing connection between the source domain and the target domain, and it also plays an important role in our study and daily life. This paper analyzes the translation of metaphor from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. Through the translation of various metaphors, we find that in the process of metaphor translation, we need to distinguish the source schema from the image schema metaphor; also it is necessary to distinguish the type of text; as well as the cultural meaning behind the text and the value to be conveyed. The translation strategy of direct translation or free translation, naturalization or alienation is used to translate the target domain.

scholarly journals METAPHORS IN COFFEE ADVERTISING SLOGANS

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fais Wahidatul Arifatin
Keyword(s):  
Everyday Life ◽  
Target Domain ◽  
Conceptual Metaphors ◽  
Source Domain ◽  
Positive Message

Conceptual metaphors are noticeable in everyday life, not just in language but in thought and action. They can be found in many life aspects such as advertisements. Through advertising slogans of products, especially coffee, metaphors are used. This paper aims are to: identify and analyze both the conceptual metaphors and the creative metaphorical linguistic expressions used in coffee advertising slogans and the possible reasons why a certain source domain is chosen for coffee target domain. The findings of this paper are that conceptual metaphors are used extensively in coffee advertising slogans to arouse customers’ interest. Good and creative coffee advertising slogans depend on well-chosen conceptual metaphors. This expands some new conceptual metaphors in our everyday life.Since advertising slogans contain brief and short sentences, even not in a full sentence, there could be more than one possible interpretation for each slogan. Different people may have different interpretation. No matter the understanding achieved, the advertising slogans main focus is to deliver a positive message and to promote the products.

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