STUDI KEANEKARAGAMAN, BIOMASSA DAN CARBON STOCK BAMBU DI TAMAN HUTAN RAYA K.G.P.A.A. MANGKUNAGORO I

K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I Forest Park is the one and only forest park in Central Java. As area of protection, life support system, and biodiversity preservation, K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I Forest Park plays an important role for life, especially for people around the forest area. To ensure this function, the sustainability of forest functions is determined by the presence of vegetation in the forest area. The purpose of this study was to determine the diversity of species, biomass and carbon stock of bamboo in K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I Forest Park. The diversity of bamboo species was observed by exploration method with an inventory. Then, based on the inventory data obtained, one species of bamboo was selected based on its number of clumps to determine the biomass and carbon storage. In the present study, there were 20 species bamboo at K.G.P.A.A. Mangkunagoro I Forest Park namely Bambusa balcoa, B. balcoa var. Capensis, B. bambos, B. blumeana, B. multiplex-green hedge, B. multiplex-alphanse karr, B. oldhami, B. tuldoides, B. vulgaris vulgaris, B. vulgaris vitata, B. vulgaris wamin budha, Dendrocalmus asper, D. asper thai, D. asper black, D. hamiltoni, Guadua amplexifolia, G. agustifolia, Oxytenanthera abysinica, Phyllostacys aurea, dan P. nigra. Furthermore, D. asper (petung bamboo) was the most dominated bamboo species. The number of D. asper were 758 clumps/ha and 3,213 reeds/ha. The average D. asper biomass was 6.02 kg/reed. Thus, the estimated biomass per ha was 19.5 tonnes/ha. In addition, D. asper has the ability to store carbon of 9.1 tonnes/ha.

The peculiarities of application of pedagogical methods within the framework of Master's discipline “The Specifics of Legal and Organizational Cooperation of States in the Area of Protection from Disasters in the context of Regional Mechanisms”

The subject of this research is the peculiarities of application of modern teaching techniques in higher education exemplified by the Master's academic discipline “The Specifics of Legal and Organizational Cooperation of States in the Area of Protection from Disasters in the context of Regional Mechanisms”, implemented in the Master’s program “Law in the Sphere of Regional International Relations”. The author gives characteristics to the traditional teaching techniques, taking into account the peculiarities of the indicated discipline, as well as proposes different forms of their implementation for improving the quality of teaching. The main conclusions consists in the statement that in modern higher education pedagogy it is of utmost importance to implement the entire range of available teaching techniques, selecting each based on the topic of the course, the contingent and level of education of students, as well as other criteria. It is underlined that modern education should filled with both, passive and interactive methods, regardless of the specialty and selected discipline. This fact is of particular relevance in the Master's level of education. The article employs the positions of various researchers in the sphere of pedagogy and psychology, reflected in the scientific articles on the topic. The author believes that this topic is a mainstream in the scientific publicistic writing, and can contribute to the further improvement of the quality of teaching techniques used in modern higher education.

Quality control of medical care in the compulsory health insurance system is an essential area of protection of citizens’ rights

The review reflects the priorities and main directions of development of compulsory medical insurance and legal regulation in the field of health care, as well as tasks aimed at preserving and strengthening the health of citizens of the Russian Federation based on increasing the availability and quality of medical care, respecting the rights of citizens in the field of health protection and ensuring state guarantees related to these rights, the priority of prevention in the field of health protection in the Russian Federation.

El papel del fiscal de consumo. Su actuación en el proceso civil en defensa de consumidores y usuarios

Este trabajo lo circunscribo dentro de las potenciales actuaciones procesales que el Ministerio fiscal tiene en el área de protección de los derechos de los consumidores y en el ámbito del derecho civil privado, tratadas, principalmente, por dos circulares emitidas por la Fiscalía General del Estado (FGE) y numeradas 2/2010 y 2/2018. Dejando de lado el papel de la fiscalía en la más amplia y natural protección de fraudes y otros tipos penales y las intervenciones en defensa de los particulares, como usuarios consumidores, contra la administración pública, y aquellas otras complementarias de formación y divulgación. El Estado y las Comunidades Autonómicas han creado el marco jurídico preciso para esta protección desarrollando una amplia normativa reguladora de estas relaciones que se sustentan, en muchos casos, en el ejercicio y amparo de derechos reconocidos en leyes fundamentales.This work is limited within the potential procedural actions that the Public Prosecutor’s Office has in the area of protection of consumer rights and in the field of private civil law, mainly covered by two circulars issued by State Attorney General’s Office and numbered 2/2010 and 2/2018. Leaving aside the role of the public prosecutor’s office in the widest and natural protection of fraud and other criminal types and interventions in defense of individuals, such as consumer users, against the public administration, and those other complementary training disclosures. The State and the Autonomous Communities have created the precise legal framework for this protection by developing a broad regulatory regulation of these relationships that are based, in many cases, on the exercise and protection of rights recognized by Fundamental laws.

LA PROTECCIÓN DE LAS PAREJAS HOMOSEXUALES FRENTE A LA DISCRIMINACIÓN EN LA EVOLUCIÓN DE LA JURISPRUDENCIA DEL TRIBUNAL EUROPEO: PASADO, PRESENTE Y UNAS PREVISIONES PARA EL FUTURO

El artículo pretende presentar, en ocasión del sesenta aniversario de la puesta en marcha del TEDH, un atento estudio de la jurisprudencia del Tribunal de Estrasburgo en materia de protección de las personas y de las parejas homosexuales frente a la discriminación por orientación sexual, proporcionando algunas consideraciones críticas sobre la aplicación del art. 14 CEDH en este ámbito y sobre los posibles escenarios futuros. El propósito de la investigación es comprobar las efectivas aportaciones del TEDH en la configuración de un espacio europeo de protección de los derechos y, en particular, si, después de varias décadas, el Consejo de Europa ha realmente creado las bases para una concreta y sustancial igualdad entre personas y parejas heterosexuales y homosexuales. The aim of the article is to present, on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of the ECtHR, an attentive study of the jurisprudence of the Court of Strasbourg on the protection of homosexual persons and couples against discrimination based on sexual orientation, providing some critical considerations on the application of art. 14 ECHR in this area and on possible future scenarios. The purpose of the research is to verify the effective contributions of the ECtHR in shaping a European area of protection of rights and, in particular, if, after several decades, the Council of Europe has really created the basis for a concrete and substantial equality between heterosexual and homosexual persons and couples.

Cognitive relationship between vehicle color and the type of accidents leading to death and injury in driver

Introduction: Annually, many people die or suffer from irreparable injuries in road accidents worldwide. One of the causes of accidents is drivers, cognitive factors and the vehicle color is one of the factors that affect the cognitive performance of the drivers. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between vehicle color and type of accidents leading to death and injury. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 300 randomly selected cases of accidents in Kerman. Information including the manner of accident, name and color of vehicle, location, cause, time, area of protection, weekday, season and type of accident were collected from traffic police and traffic department statistics and analyzed by using SPSS software. Results: The results of the study showed that most of the accidents occurred during daylight hours. Motorcycle, black and white vehicles had the highest and yellow and beige vehicles had the least frequency. There was no significant difference between vehicle color (dark and light) and other variables with the type of accidents leading to the driver's death and injury. Conclusion: According to the results of this study, no significant relationship was observed between vehicle color (dark and light) and the type of accidents leading to death and injury on. One of the reasons seems to be the difference between the methods of statistical analysis. Further studies are needed to investigate the relationship between the type of accidents and vehicle color.

Conditions determining decisions on the announcement, change and revocation of alert levels and CRP alert levels

The issue of announcing, changing and revoking alert levels and CRP alert levels for threats in the Polish cyberspace (CRP alert levels) is inseparably connected with anti-terrorist actions taken by public administration bodies. The Counter-Terrorism Act of 10 June 2016 sets out the principles of conducting counter-terrorism activities and the principles of cooperation between authorities in the scope of such activities. It specifies the bodies which are entitled to announce change and revoke alert levels and CRP alert levels. Until recently, alarm levels associated mainly with the protection of military command, agencies and institutions play an increasingly important role in the area of protection of the civilian population. The proof of this is the extension of the existing formula for the use of alarm levels in the civil (non-military) environment and the cyberspace of the Republic of Poland. The decision to announce, change and revoke an alert level and a CRP alert level depends on a number of factors, including the following: the reasons for their announcement, the division of competences of the bodies responsible with respect to their announcement, change and revocation, and the execution of projects required to be carried out for the introduction of particular alert levels or CRP alert levels.

Criminal law protection of competition in the European Union, Germany, Great Britain and France

The object of this research is competition policy and criminal law policy with regards to protection of competition in Europe that are similar to the Russian approach of countering infringement on fair competition. Legislation on competition is dynamically developing in all countries, which causes corresponding changes in their criminal law policy. For improving the effectiveness of cartel detection, many countries endorsed leniency policy for cartels, as well as make amendments to their laws due to proliferation of unfair competition, particularly on the Internet, as well irregularities in tendering. The analysis of modern sources of competition and criminal law of Germany, Great Britain and France, as the first European countries that developed the rules aimed at protection of competition, can be valuable for understanding the concept of protection of competition adopted by the world community, as well as its European model. The consists in broadening the existing knowledge on criminal law protection of competition in Europe, acquired as a result of comprehensive research of the legislations of the European Union, Germany, Great Britain and France in the area of protection of fair competition with consideration of recent amendments, including leniency policy for cartels. The author concludes that Europe has a developed criminal law mechanism for counteracting anticompetitive behavior, which is characterized by a range of prohibited acts, application of versatile criminal law measures to the persons guilty of such infringements, differentiated approach to the questions of their criminal liability, and substantial main and additional sanctions applicable to not only physical entities, but also legal entities in some countries. The obtained results can be useful in lawmaking, scientific and educational activity.

Sexting with regards to minors: criminal legal and victimological aspect

The questions of prevention cybercrimes with regards to minors gain special relevance in the conditions of pandemic, global self-isolation and transition to distance learning. Constant forced usage of Internet resources increases the risk for identification of the potentially dangerous online contacts, as well as likelihood of obtaining access to prohibited or undesired content. The object of this research is the relation of protection of minors from criminal offences of licentious nature committed using the modern communication technologies and networks. The subject of this research is the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation in the area of protection of minors from sexual misconducts committed via information and telecommunication networks. The research methods contain the analysis of current criminal legislation and law enforcement practice of the Russian Federation, review and generalization of theoretical sources on the topic. The scientific novelty consist in examination of peculiarities of qualification of offences pertaining to sexual abuse of minors, committed using the information telecommunication networks. The conclusion is made that due to proliferation of sexting in the information telecommunication networks with regards to children below 12 years of age, it is necessary to exclude from the Article 135 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation the minimal age of the victims of sexual abuse, establish an age bracket of those “who have not attained the age of fourteen” in the Part 2 of the Article 135, as well as classify usage of information and telecommunication networks as the means of committing offence.

Nevado de Toluca: habitat for Romerolagus diazi?

The volcano rabbit (Romerolagus diazi), also known as teporingo or zacatuche, is a small rabbit that is endemic to Mexico. In this study we characterized its potential habitat in the Area of Protection of Flora, and Fauna Nevado de Toluca, Mexico. Between April 2016 and November 2017, we sampled 1,807 units to determine the presence of this species using indirect evidence. We found dung pellets that could be attributed to R. diazi in 41 (2.27 %) of the sampled units. In 10 % of these units, we set up camera traps to confirm the presence of the species. Sites with presumed R. diazi pellets were characterised by rocky terrain, with Pinus hartwegii as the dominant tree species, and Festuca tolucensis as the dominant grass. Overall herbaceous cover was over 70 %. Sites observed to have a negative effect on the presence of the pellets were areas with livestock grazing and induced burning. The results of camera trapping did not reveal the presence of R. diazi in Nevado de Toluca.