Improving the ecological safety of potato chips production by devising a method for wastewater treatment and recycling

The study deals with determining the effectiveness of mechanical and physical and chemical methods for the treatment of wastewater of potato chips enterprises. It was established that the wastewater that is formed at different stages of production differ in composition. Wastewater after washing and peeling potatoes is contaminated mainly with suspended soil substances of about 500 mg/l, which are not settled, and also has soluble organic substances with a value of COD of about 1,000 mg/l. It was found that the use of coagulation-flocculation treatment makes it possible to get clear water suitable for reuse for washing potatoes. Coagulant – aluminum sulfate in the amount of 250 mg/l turned out to be effective to destroy the stability of the dispersed system. To intensify the sedimentation of coagulated flakes of suspended particles, non-ionogenic flocculant, which is recommended to be dosed after the introduction of coagulant in the amount of 2.5 ml/l, was selected. Analysis of clarified water indicates a decrease in the concentration of suspended particles up to 26 mg/l and a decrease in COD and BOD5 to values of 262 mg/l and 176 mg/l, respectively. The completed studies made it possible to propose a circuit of treatment of wastewater after washing potatoes, which consists of pre-filtering, reagent treatment, water clarification, and sediment dehydration. This circuit makes it possible to intensively clean the water to the standards of its discharge into the sewage network. However, additional disinfection of water with oxidizers, for example, ozone, was proposed for the reuse of clarified water to wash vegetables at an enterprise itself. The use of the proposed circuit of intensive water treatment will allow increasing the environmental safety of the production of potato chips by preventing environmental contamination through reducing the volume of tap water consumption

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Modification of Collagen for Biomedical Applications: A Review of Physical and Chemical Methods

Current Organic Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1385272820666151102213025 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (17) ◽

pp. 1797-1812 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Xiaoyue Yu ◽

Cuie Tang ◽

Shanbai Xiong ◽

Qijuan Yuan ◽

Zhipeng Gu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biomedical Applications ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Biomedical Applications and Patents on Metallic Nanoparticles

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200430005827 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Geetanjali Singh ◽

Pramod Kumar Sharma ◽

Rishabha Malviya

Keyword(s):

Metallic Nanoparticles ◽

Biomedical Applications ◽

Size Range ◽

Biomedical Application ◽

Chemical Reduction ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Future Challenges ◽

Biological Methods ◽

Cancer Diagnosis And Therapy ◽

Physical And Chemical

Aim/Objective: The author writes the manuscript by reviewing the literatures related to the biomedical application of metallic nanoparticles. The term metal nanoparticles are used to describe the nanosized metals with the dimension within the size range of 1-100 nm. Methods: The preparation of metallic nanoparticles and their application is an influential area for research. Among various physical and chemical methods (viz. chemical reduction, thermal decomposition, etc.) for synthesizing silver nanoparticles, biological methods have been suggested as possible eco-friendly alternatives. The synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is having many problems inclusive of solvent toxicity, the formation of hazardous byproducts and consumption of energy. So it is important to design eco-friendly benign procedures for the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles. Results: From the literature survey, we concluded that metallic nanoparticles have applications in the treatment of different diseases. Metallic nanoparticles are having a great advantage in the detection of cancer, diagnosis, and therapy. And it can also have properties such as antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral and anti-angiogenic. Conclusion: In this review, recent upcoming advancement of biomedical application of nanotechnology and their future challenges has been discussed.

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Regional Coordination and Security of Water–Energy–Food Symbiosis in Northeastern China

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13031326 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 1326

Author(s):

Hongfang Li ◽

Huixiao Wang ◽

Yaxue Yang ◽

Ruxin Zhao

Keyword(s):

External Environment ◽

Northeastern China ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Human Survival ◽

A Value ◽

Natural Factors ◽

Regional Coordination ◽

Micro Level ◽

The Stability ◽

Coordination Degree

The interactions of water, energy, and food, which are essential resources for human survival, livelihoods, production, and development, constitute a water–energy–food (WEF) nexus. Applying symbiosis theory, the economic, social, and natural factors were considered at the same time in the WEF system, and we conducted a micro-level investigation focusing on the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the symbiotic units (water, energy, and food), and external environment of the WEF system in 36 prefecture-level cities across three northeastern provinces of China. Finally, we analyzed the synergistic safety and coupling coordination degree of the WEF system by the combination of stability, coordination, and sustainability, attending to the coordination relationship and influences of the external environment. The results indicated that the synergistic safety of the WEF system in three northeastern provinces need to equally pay attention to the stability, coordination, and sustainability of the WEF system, since their weights were 0.32, 0.36 and 0.32, respectively. During 2010–2016, the synergistic safety indexes of the WEF system ranged between 0.40 and 0.60, which was a state of boundary safety. In the current study, the coupling coordination degree of the WEF system fluctuated around a value of 0.6, maintaining a primary coordination level; while in the future of 2021–2026, it will decline to 0.57–0.60, dropping to a weak coordinated level. The conclusion could provide effective information for decision-makers to take suitable measures for the security development of a WEF system.

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Thermally Stimulated Desorption Optical Fiber-Based Interrogation System: An Analysis of Graphene Oxide Layers’ Stability

Photonics ◽

10.3390/photonics8030070 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 70

Author(s):

Maria Raposo ◽

Carlota Xavier ◽

Catarina Monteiro ◽

Susana Silva ◽

Orlando Frazão ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Graphene Oxide ◽

Optical Fiber ◽

Optical Fiber Sensor ◽

Layer By Layer ◽

Film Stability ◽

A Value ◽

Device Reliability ◽

Sensor Devices ◽

Lbl Films ◽

The Stability

Thin graphene oxide (GO) film layers are being widely used as sensing layers in different types of electrical and optical sensor devices. GO layers are particularly popular because of their tuned interface reflectivity. The stability of GO layers is fundamental for sensor device reliability, particularly in complex aqueous environments such as wastewater. In this work, the stability of GO layers in layer-by-layer (LbL) films of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and GO was investigated. The results led to the following conclusions: PEI/GO films grow linearly with the number of bilayers as long as the adsorption time is kept constant; the adsorption kinetics of a GO layer follow the behavior of the adsorption of polyelectrolytes; and the interaction associated with the growth of these films is of the ionic type since the desorption activation energy has a value of 119 ± 17 kJ/mol. Therefore, it is possible to conclude that PEI/GO films are suitable for application in optical fiber sensor devices; most importantly, an optical fiber-based interrogation setup can easily be adapted to investigate in situ desorption via a thermally stimulated process. In addition, it is possible to draw inferences about film stability in solution in a fast, reliable way when compared with the traditional ones.

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Decreasing Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Tubers (Xanthosoma sagittifolium) by Physical and Chemical Methods

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/667/1/012015 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 667 (1) ◽

pp. 012015

Author(s):

I Sulaiman ◽

C Annisa ◽

Y M Lubis ◽

Z F Rozali ◽

S Noviasari ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chemical Methods ◽

Xanthosoma Sagittifolium ◽

Physical And Chemical

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Combination of Self-Healing Butyl Rubber and Natural Rubber Composites for Improving the Stability

Polymers ◽

10.3390/polym13030443 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 443

Author(s):

Kunakorn Chumnum ◽

Ekwipoo Kalkornsurapranee ◽

Jobish Johns ◽

Karnda Sengloyluan ◽

Yeampon Nakaramontri

Keyword(s):

Natural Rubber ◽

Dynamic Mechanical Properties ◽

Attenuated Total Reflection ◽

Rubber Matrix ◽

Self Healing ◽

Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽

Natural Rubber Composites ◽

Tan Δ ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

The self-healing composites were prepared from the combination of bromobutyl rubber (BIIR) and natural rubber (NR) blends filled with carbon nanotubes (CNT) and carbon black (CB). To reach the optimized self-healing propagation, the BIIR was modified with ionic liquid (IL) and butylimidazole (IM), and blended with NR using the ratios of 70:30 and 80:20 BIIR:NR. Physical and chemical modifications were confirmed from the mixing torque and attenuated total reflection-fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). It was found that the BIIR/NR-CNTCB with IL and IM effectively improved the cure properties with enhanced tensile properties relative to pure BIIR/NR blends. For the healed composites, BIIR/NR-CNTCB-IM exhibited superior mechanical and electrical properties due to the existing ionic linkages in rubber matrix. For the abrasion resistances, puncture stress and electrical recyclability were examined to know the possibility of inner liner applications and Taber abrasion with dynamic mechanical properties were elucidated for tire tread applications. Based on the obtained Tg and Tan δ values, the composites are proposed for tire applications in the future with a simplified preparation procedure.

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COMPARAISON DE DIVERSES METHODES DE CASTRATION ET DE STERILISATION DES AGNEAUX: I. INFLUENCE DE CES METHODES SUR LA CROISSANCE, L’EFFICIENCE ALIMENTAIRE, LE RENDEMENT A L’AHATTAGE ET LA RENTABILITE

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas71-078 ◽

1971 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 579-589 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

J. M. BAILLARGEON ◽

J. P. LEMAY ◽

W. B. HOLTMANN ◽

L. A. CHARETTE

Keyword(s):

Feed Efficiency ◽

Intramuscular Injection ◽

Cadmium Chloride ◽

Complete Removal ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Treatment Groups ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Breeding Groups ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

Daily Gain

An experiment was conducted to compare various physical and chemical methods of castration of lambs at 15 and 60 days of age. Their effects on body growth, feed efficiency, dressing percentage and profitability were studied. At birth 100 lambs were divided among the 16 different treatments according to sex and the following breeding groups: Suffolk, North Country Cheviot, two-breed cross and three-breed cross. The different methods of castration were: complete removal of the testicles, Burdizzo, elastrator and partial castration. The sterilization methods consisted of intramuscular, intratesticular and intraveinous injection of cadmium chloride. All lambs were weaned at 30 days of age and placed in individual pens. They were subjected to similar environmental conditions and shipped to slaughter at approximately 45 kg body weight. Significant differences were observed among breeds, sexes and the various castration methods for daily gain, feed efficiency, days required to reach market and profitability. Age at castration did not have any important effect ort the variables measured. Superior gains, feed efficiency and profitability were observed for the partially castrated group, for the lambs that received an intramuscular injection of cadmium chloride and for the non-castrated males. All treatment groups involving males were superior to the females for the characters studied except for dressing percentage.

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Formulation, Physical and Chemical Stability of Ocimum gratissimum L. Leaf Oil Nanoemulsion

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.901.117 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 901 ◽

pp. 117-122

Author(s):

Netnapa Ontao ◽

Sirivan Athikomkulchai ◽

Sarin Tadtong ◽

Phuriwat Leesawat ◽

Chuda Chittasupho

Keyword(s):

Essential Oil ◽

Zeta Potential ◽

Chemical Stability ◽

Polydispersity Index ◽

Hydrodynamic Diameter ◽

Potential Value ◽

Yellow Color ◽

Leaf Oil ◽

The Stability ◽

Physical And Chemical

Ocimum gratissimum L. leaf oil exhibited many pharmacological properties. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical and chemical stability of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion. O.gratissimum leaf oil was extracted by hydrodistillation. The major component of the essential oil eugenol, was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Nanoemulsions of O.gratissimum leaf oil were formulated using polysorbate 80, hyaluronic acid, poloxamer 188, and deionized water by phase inversion composition method. The hydrodynamic diameter, polydispersity index, and zeta potential value of O.gratissimum leaf oil nanoemulsion was evaluated by a dynamic light scattering technique. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was analyzed by UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The essential oil extracted from of O. gratissimum leaf oil was a clear, pale yellow color. The %yield of the essential oil was 0.15 ± 0.03% v/w. The size of the nanoemulsion was less than 106 nm. The polydispersity index of the nanoemulsion was ranging from 0.303 - 0.586 and the zeta potential value of the nanoemulsion was closely to zero, depending on the formulation component. O. gratissimum leaf oil at concentrations ranging from 0.002 - 0.012% v/v contained 35 - 41% of eugenol. The size of nanoemulsion was significantly decreased after storage at 4 °C, while significantly increased upon storage at 45 °C. The size of nanoemulsion stored at 30 °C did not significantly change. The %remaining of eugenol in the nanoemulsion was more than 90% after storage at 4 °C and 30 °C for 28 days. The percentage of eugenol remaining in the nanoemulsion stored at 45 °C was more than 85 - 90%, suggesting that the temperature affected the stability of eugenol in the nanoemulsion.

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Effect of operating parameters on functional fatigue characteristics of an Ni-Ti shape memory alloy on partial thermomechanical cycling

Journal of Intelligent Material Systems and Structures ◽

10.1177/1045389x211072233 ◽

2022 ◽

pp. 1045389X2110722

Author(s):

Swaminathan Ganesan ◽

Sampath Vedamanickam

Keyword(s):

Yield Strength ◽

Applied Stress ◽

Stress Level ◽

Crack Nucleation ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Thermomechanical Cycling ◽

Permanent Strain ◽

A Value ◽

The Stability ◽

Cycle Temperature

In this study, the influence of upper cycle temperature (maximum temperature in a cycle) and the magnitude of applied stress on the functional properties of an SMA during partial thermomechanical cycling has been studied. A near-equiatomic NiTi SMA was chosen and tested under different upper cycle temperatures (between martensite finish (Mf) and austenite finish (Af) temperatures) and stress level (below and above the yield strength of the martensite). The upper cycle temperature was varied by controlling the magnitude of the current supply. The results show that a raise in the upper cycle temperature causes the permanent strain to increase and also lowers the stability. However, decreasing the stress imposed to a value lower than the yield strength of the martensite improves cyclic stability. The upper cycle temperature was found to influence the crack nucleation, whereas the applied stress level the crack propagation during partial thermomechanical cycling of SMAs. Therefore, decreasing the upper cycle temperature as well as the magnitude of stress applied to lower than the yield stress of martensite have been found to be suitable strategies for increasing the lifespan of SMA-based actuators during partial thermomechanical cycling.

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SUBSTANTIATION OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL SCHEME FOR PRODUCING LIQUID SUGAR FROM SEMI-PRODUCTS OF BEET SUGAR PRODUCTION

Известия вузов. Пищевая технология ◽

10.26297/0579-3009.2019.5-6.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Р.С. Решетова ◽

О.Ю. Бганцева

Keyword(s):

Food Production ◽

Technological Scheme ◽

Preliminary Treatment ◽

Sugar Solution ◽

Sugar Production ◽

Chemical Methods ◽

Storage Duration ◽

Number Of Microorganisms ◽

Permissible Levels ◽

Physical And Chemical

Разработана технологическая схема получения жидкого сахара из полупродуктов свеклосахарного производства, которая предусматривает получение исходного (концентрированного) сахарного раствора из сиропа после выпарки, некондиционного сахара и желтого сахара последнего продукта с содержанием сухих веществ (СВ) от 68 до 72. Изучено изменение количества микроорганизмов в жидком сахаре в течение 30 сут хранения в закрытых сосудах при температуре окружающей среды без предварительной обработки физическим и химическим способами с целью использования сиропа при производстве пищевых продуктов. Установлено, что в растворе с содержанием СВ 68 72 количество микроорганизмов увеличилось: бактерий с 15 до 60 КОЕ/г, дрожжей и плесневых грибов с 10 до 34 КОЕ/г, что не превышает допустимых уровней СанПиН 2.3.2.1078 01 и ГОСТ Р 53035 2008. Определена длительность хранения жидкого сахара для использования в пищевых производствах не более 15 сут. The technological scheme of obtaining liquid sugar from semiproducts of sugar beet production, which provides for obtaining the initial (concentrated) sugar solution from the syrup after evaporation, substandard sugar and yellow sugar of the last product with a content of dry matters from 68 to 72, has been developed. The change in the number of microorganisms in liquid sugar was studied during 30 days of storage in closed vessels at ambient temperature without preliminary treatment by physical and chemical methods with the aim of using syrup in food production. It was found that in the solution with the content of dry matters 68 72 the number of microorganisms increased: bacteria from 15 to 60 CFU/g, yeast and fungi from 10 to 34 CFU/g, which does not exceed the permissible levels of SanPiN 2.3.2.1078 01 and GOST R 53035 2008. The storage duration of liquid sugar for use in food production was determined no more than 15 days.

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