Longitudinal Effects of Distress and Its Management During COVID-19 Lockdown in Spain

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic that hit Spain during March 2020 forced the strict confinement of the population for 2 months. The objectives of this study were (a) to assess the magnitude and duration of the influence of confinement on people’s Distress, (b) to study the temporal sequence of stress, and (c) to show how different day-to-day activities and personal variables influence perceived Distress levels.Method: A daily registration was completed by 123 people, with ages ranging from 21 to 75 years old (X¯ = 43, SD = 10 years), of which there were 40 men (32%) and 83 females (68%). During 45 days of lockdown, from March 19th to May 3rd, participants were asked to respond to a socio-demographic survey and make daily records comprising the MASQ-D30 and some day-to-day behaviors. Pooled time series was applied to establish what effect time had on the dependent variable.Results: Distress has a 14-day autoregressive function and gender, physical activity, sexual activity, listening to music, and teleworking also influence Distress. It has been hypothesized that the intercept presents variability at level 2 (individual), but it has not been significant. Interactions between Gender—Telecommuting, and Gender—Physical Activity were observed. Approximately 66% of the variance of Distress was explained (R2 = 0.663).Discussion: At the beginning of the lockdown, the average levels of Distress were well above the levels of the end (z = 3.301). The individuals in the sample have followed a very similar process in the development of Distress. During the lockdown, the “memory” of Distress was 2 weeks. Our results indicate that levels of Distress depend on activities during lockdown. Interactions exist between gender and some behavioral variables that barely influence Distress in men but decrease Distress in women. The importance of routine maintenance and gender differences must be considered to propose future interventions during confinement.

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Self-Referent Thoughts in Exercise: The Self-Perception in Exercise Questionnaire

European Journal of Psychological Assessment ◽

10.1027/1015-5759.13.3.195 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 195-205 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marit Sorensen

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Pilot Study ◽

Physical Activity Level ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

English Language ◽

Lifestyle Changes ◽

Activity Level ◽

Language Version ◽

Social Comfort ◽

And Gender

Adherence to lifestyle changes - beginning to exercise, for example - is assumed to be mediated by self-referent thoughts. This paper describes a pilot study and three studies conducted to develop and validate a questionnaire for adults to determine their self-perceptions related to health-oriented exercise. The pilot study identified items pertinent to the domains considered important in this context, and began the process of selecting items. Study 2 examined the factor structure, reduced the number of items, determined the internal consistency of the factors, and explored the discriminative validity of the questionnaire as to physical activity level and gender. Four factors with a total of 24 items were accepted, measuring mastery of exercise, body perception, social comfort/discomfort in the exercise setting, and perception of fitness. All subscales had acceptable internal consistencies. Preliminary validity was demonstrated by confirming hypothesized differences in scores as to gender, age, and physical activity level. The third study examined and demonstrated convergent validity with similar existing subscales. The fourth study examined an English-language version of the questionnaire, confirming the existence of the factors and providing preliminary psychometric evidence of the viability of the questionnaire.

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Age and Gender Differences in Physical Activity, Overweight and Obesity: Results from a National Survey of Canadian Youth

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e509012013-089 ◽

2004 ◽

Author(s):

Kenneth Allison ◽

Hyacinth Irving ◽

Karen Yoshida ◽

John Dwyer ◽

Irving Rootman

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

National Survey ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Canadian Youth ◽

Age And Gender Differences ◽

And Gender

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Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Controls: A Cross-Sectional Study

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18041978 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 1978

Author(s):

Tjaša Filipčič ◽

Špela Bogataj ◽

Jernej Pajek ◽

Maja Pajek

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Physical Activity ◽

Everyday Life ◽

Habitual Physical Activity ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Comorbidity Score ◽

Sf 36 ◽

And Gender

Hemodialysis (HD) patients have lower functional abilities compared to healthy people, and this is associated with lower physical activity in everyday life. This may affect their quality of life, but research on this topic is limited. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine the relationship between habitual physical activity and quality of life in HD patients and healthy controls. Ninety-three HD patients and 140 controls participated in the study. Quality of life was assessed using a 36-item medical outcomes study short-form health survey (SF-36). Human Activity Profile (HAP) was used to assess habitual physical activity. The adjusted activity score (AAS) from HAP, age, gender, fat tissue index (FTI), lean tissue index (LTI), and Davies comorbidity score were analyzed as possible predictors of the Physical Component Summary (PCS) of the SF-36. Three sequential linear models were used to model PCS. In Model 1, PCS was regressed by gender and age; in Model 2 the LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity scores were added. Model 3 also included AAS. After controlling for age and gender (ModelHD 1: p = 0.056), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score effects (ModelHD 2: p = 0.181), the AAS accounted for 32% of the variation in PCS of HD patients (ModelHD 3: p < 0.001). Consequently, the PCS of HD patients would increase by 0.431 points if the AAS increased by one point. However, in healthy controls, AAS had a lower impact than in the HD sample (B = 0.359 vs. 0.431), while the corresponding effects of age and gender (ModelH 1: p < 0.001), LTI, FTI, and Davies comorbidity score (ModelH 2: p < 0.001) were adjusted for. The proportion of variation in PCS attributed to AAS was 14.9% (ModelH 3: p < 0.001). The current study results showed that physical activity in everyday life as measured by the HAP questionnaire is associated to a higher degree with the quality of life of HD patients than in healthy subjects. Routine physical activity programs are therefore highly justified, and the nephrology community should play a leading role in this effort.

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Comparative analysis of reported physical activity from leisure centres’ members versus the general population in Spain

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-043963 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (6) ◽

pp. e043963

Author(s):

Jorge López Fernández ◽

Alejandro López-Valenciano ◽

Xián Mayo ◽

Elizabeth Horton ◽

Ivan Clavel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

General Population ◽

Spanish Population ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Short Version ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Metabolic Equivalent ◽

Outcomes Measures ◽

Gender And Age ◽

And Gender

Objectives(1) To describe the physical activity (PA) levels of the members of a Spanish leisure centre operator according to age and gender; (2) to describe the differences in the three PA levels between the members of a Spanish leisure centre operator and the general Spanish population considering the PA Eurobarometer data according to their gender and age and (3) to explore the intensity origin of the PA either in Spanish members of leisure centres or the Spanish population considering their gender.DesignDescriptive epidemiology study.ParticipantsData from 16 Spanish leisure centres (n=3627) and from the 2017 Eurobarometer 472 for Spain (n=1002) were used for this research.Primary and secondary outcomes measuresThe PA levels were analysed with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire short version, and respondents were grouped into physical inactivity (PIA), moderate-PA and high-PA. Moreover, gender (men or women) and age (18–29 years; 30–44 years; 45–59 years; 60–69 years; ≥70 years) were considered. Total metabolic equivalent (MET)-min/week, as well as total MET-min/week for walking intensity, moderate intensity and vigorous intensity were recorded.ResultsLeisure centres showed a lower prevalence of PIA and a higher prevalence of high-PA than the general population (p<0.05). Women displayed a higher prevalence of PIA and lower prevalence of high-PA than men (p<0.05). The prevalence of PIA increases with age while the prevalence of high-PA decreases.ConclusionLeisure centres engage most of their members in regular PA, including women and older adults, and these members also perform a higher number of MET in vigorous PA, than the general population.

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Physical activity benefits of attending a senior center depend largely on age and gender: a study using GPS and accelerometry data

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01527-6 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oriol Marquet ◽

Monika Maciejewska ◽

Xavier Delclòs-Alió ◽

Guillem Vich ◽

Jasper Schipperijn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Senior Center ◽

Age And Gender ◽

And Gender

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Antecedents of children's physical activity intentions and behaviour: Predictive validity and longitudinal effects

Psychology and Health ◽

10.1080/08870440108405515 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 391-407 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

Martin s. Hagger ◽

Nikos Chatzisarantis ◽

Stuart J.H. Biddle ◽

Sheina Orbell

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Predictive Validity ◽

Longitudinal Effects ◽

Children’S Physical Activity

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Influence of the Perception of Barriers in Practice of PA in Adolescents: Explanatory Model

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9040380 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 380

Author(s):

Iago Portela-Pino ◽

Myriam Alvariñas-Villaverde ◽

Javier Martínez-Torres ◽

Margarita Pino-Juste

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Body Image ◽

Risk Factor ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Activity Index ◽

School Year ◽

Factorial Model ◽

High Fatigue ◽

Physical Activity Index ◽

And Gender

Background: Sedentarism is an important risk factor for non-communicable diseases. To avoid it, it is necessary to establish the barriers which influence a low level of practice of Physical Activity. Methods: This study, conducted with 833 students, aims to describe a model to explain the barriers determining the level of practice of Physical Activity in adolescents according to age, school year, BMI and gender. The inclusion of the analyzed barriers followed the tetra-factorial model: Body image/physical and social anxiety; Tiredness/laziness; Responsibilities/lack of time and Environment/facilities. Results: The barriers to Physical Activity in adolescents are fatigue and sloth, and temporary obligations. The barrier that least influences the practice of Physical Activity is the environment and body image. It is determined that the subjects with the lowest Physical Activity index were those with a high fatigue and laziness score and higher age. The level of physical activity of this population is medium (95% CI, 2.8274–2.9418). Conclusions: It is necessary to overcome tiredness or apathy towards the practice of Physical Activity, especially in those under 16 years of age.

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Ethnic and gender differences in physical activity levels among 9–10-year-old children of white European, South Asian and African–Caribbean origin: the Child Heart Health Study in England (CHASE Study)

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyp176 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 1082-1093 ◽

Cited By ~ 115

Author(s):

Christopher G Owen ◽

Claire M Nightingale ◽

Alicja R Rudnicka ◽

Derek G Cook ◽

Ulf Ekelund ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Gender Differences ◽

South Asian ◽

Health Study ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Heart Health ◽

Physical Activity Levels ◽

African Caribbean ◽

And Gender

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Young People’s Motivational Profiles in Physical Activity: A Cluster Analysis

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology ◽

10.1123/jsep.23.1.1 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 1-22 ◽

Cited By ~ 132

Author(s):

C.K. John Wang ◽

Stuart J.H. Biddle

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Cluster Analysis ◽

Young People ◽

Large Scale ◽

Goal Orientations ◽

National Sample ◽

Achievement Goal Orientations ◽

Athletic Ability ◽

Self Worth ◽

And Gender

A great deal has been written about the motivation of young people in physical activity, and the determinants of activity for this age group have been identified as a research priority. Despite this, there are few large-scale studies identifying “types” or “clusters” of young people based on their scores on validated motivation inventories. This study reports the results of a cluster analysis of a large national sample (n = 2,510) of 12- to 15-year-olds using contemporary approaches to physical activity motivation: achievement goal orientations, self-determination theory (including amotivation), the nature of athletic ability beliefs, and perceived competence. Five meaningful clusters were identified reflecting two highly motivated and two less well-motivated clusters, as well as a clearly amotivated cluster. Groupings were validated by investigating differences in physical activity participation and perceptions of physical self-worth. Some clusters reflected age and gender differences. The results provide valuable information for likely strategies to promote physical activity in young people.

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