Training systems and simulators in thermal power engineering

The article analyzes reasons of technogenic accidents in the RF. It mentions the key ‘internal’ and ‘external’ reasons of accidents at hazardous production facilities. The article deals with the requirements for ensuring reliable, economical and safe operating modes of the equipment. It sets forth a modern structure for personnel training. Certain scientific and technical requirements and recommendations are offered for simulation of ergatic distribution systems for trainers designed for operation personnel of power generation facilities. The article dwells upon the initial regulations of the power industry in the USSR that set forth the requirements for training and simulator systems.

PROSPECTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THERMAL POWER ENGINEERING IN AMUR REGION

The basis of the region's heat supply is coal-fired boiler houses using brown coal from the region's deposits. It is shown that the state of the heat power industry in the Amur Region urgently requires a solution to the problem of deterioration of equipment in boiler houses and heating networks.

MECHANISM AND CHARACTERISTICS OF GEL FUEL IGNITION

Recently, prospective direction of the combustion theory development is the preparation of fuel compositions and study of the composite fuels ignition characteristics, for example, in the form of emulsions and suspensions. Such fuels and their combustion processes are characterized by higher environmental, energy, economic, and operational properties. Of great interest is the use of gel fuels prepared by thickening emulsions and suspensions to the state of elastically deformable materials for the aerospace industry and thermal power engineering. Gel fuels have advantages over widespread liquid fuels in environmental and fire safety aspects of storage processes, transportation, and combustion.

Study on the Similarity of the Parameters of Biomass and Solid Waste Fuel Combustion for the Needs of Thermal Power Engineering

The topic raised in this paper concerns an important aspect regarding the possibilities of the combustion and co-combustion of biomass substrates (energetic willow/sewage sludge), in light of the renewable energy source (RES) regulations, with fuel from waste defined here as RDF. Particular interest in these fuels and their mixtures results from a search by the thermal power engineering sector for fuels whose combustion will be associated with benefits, e.g., the acquisition of energy origin licenses, availability and lower cost of obtaining fuel (RDF), as well as moderate investment contributions using the existing base of coal grate boilers. This article indicates the possible variants of the combustion and co-combustion of the abovementioned fuels, referring to the use of technical and technological capabilities of coal grate furnaces. It was possible by comparing the mechanical and thermal load of grates, as well as so-called indicators for the quantitative assessment of combustion (i.e., ignition rate and mass loss rate). The result of the combustion of the fuel as above in a laboratory-scale furnace (samples weighing up to 1 kg), as well as their thermogravimetric analysis, indicates a great similarity of the mass loss curve, temperature profiles and combustion phases, as well as indicators of a quantitative assessment in the process of biomass and RDF oxidation. The obtained results of the mechanical and thermal load capacity of the grates constitute the basis for further analyses of fuel conversion, without the risk of thermal and/or mechanical grate overload. Relying on the research of the indicators for the quantitative assessment of combustion, it was found that the combustion process of the tested fuels could be carried out while maintaining the quality of burning the fuel layer. Based on the conducted research, it can be assumed that it is possible to replace coal fuels with biomass, RDF fuel, sewage sludge using coal furnaces for their combustion, which means a hybrid nature of the furnace due to the type of fuel.

Economic aspects of biomass market development in Ukraine

The article considers the state and prospects of bioenergetics development in the context of rationalization of the use of available natural resource potential of Ukraine. It is determined that one of the most perspective renewable energy sources is biomass, the main component of which is by-product of plant growing. It is noted that the use of by-products of crop production for receiving heat energy is a rational way to utilize their surpluses that are not used for other purposes of agriculture. The existing resource potential of this agricultural biomass and source of its obtainment were characterized. An estimation of the potential of this type of biomass up to 2025, which can be used for thermal power engineering was made. It was noted that the effective use of biomass potential of agricultural enterprises is possible in case of creation of the appropriate mechanism, a set of management decisions aimed at solving the energy issue. The structure of the formation of the economic model of the influence of factors on the state of the use of by-products of crop production in thermal power engineering was proposed.

Digital approaches to management of electric and thermal powerengineering facilities using intelligent cyberphysical systems

The article outlines the technology of managing electric and thermal power-engineering facilities using intelligent cyberphysical systems, implemented by remote monitoring of operated facilities and based on the ability to assess the technical condition of each equipment item (introducing risk-oriented management based on digital technologies). The technology includes coupled digital solutions that allow to quickly assess and predict the condition of the power system by comparing individual assessment data of the technical condition of the main technological equipment of electric and thermal power-engineering facilities with digital counterparts of technological processes, physical systems, objects and products for the implementation of integrated risk-oriented asset management system (AMS). The analysis identifies indicators characterizing the solution to the problem of finding optimized values under fuzzy conditions and limitations, with an integral indicator of equipment (equipment group) determined by the minimum value with respect to assessing the technical condition of each item of equipment in a single unified digital network model. Based on the introduction of a virtual model for tracking the equipment life cycle, integrated with adaptive shells of applied digital business services, the management of both technological and economic business processes is being built to switch from planned preventive repair of equipment of electric and power-engineering facilities to state-based repair.

BIOCARBON AS AN EFFECTIVE SOLID FUEL FROM BIOMASS

We present the results of technical – and – economical analysis showing that the most efficient fuel from biomass for thermal power engineering is bio carbon, which is produced with the help of industrial facility developed and manufactured at the Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of Ukrainian National Academy of Sciences.

The composition of natural waters of some source rivers of the republic of Uzbekistan, used in the thermal power engineering and the results of the experimental researches at preliminary and ion exchange treatment of water

The article describes the possibility of use of the natural waters for generation of steam at thermal electric power stations. The chemical composition of some source rivers of the Republic of Uzbekistan is provided as well as its influence to the processing of water and contamination of the steam in the thermal energy engineering. The conditions of the preliminary chemical treatment of the natural water at TashTPP with the use of aluminum sulphate are described, as well as the experimental unit for production of the coagulant in the preliminary treatment and clarification of water; the experimental data on treatment of water with ions of chloride using the new ionites of type ASH-64 and ASH-64M, which were synthetized by the scientists of the Tashkent national university.