Fighting Covid-19 with the Help of Alkaline Diet

The relative acidity or alkalinity of all substances in nature can be categorised. The term acid is derived from the Latin word "acidus," that is to state "to eat."" which meaning "sour or tangy." Several of them the typical substances that are acidic we come into touch with have these characteristics, such as salad dressing vinegar, Beverages, which contain phosphoric acid and carbon dioxide, and black tea, which contains tannic acid, all contain acetic acid. Grapefruits, oranges, lemons, and limes contain citric acid, while grapes have tartaric acid. The acid-alkaline diet, or alkaline ash diet, is another name for the alkaline diet. Food is divided into three groups in the alkaline diet: acidic, neutral, and alkaline. Red meat, poultry, fish, chocolate, wheat, and alcohol are all acidic foods. Natural fats such as butter, most oils, milk, and cream are all included in neutral meals. Foods that are alkaline make up the majority of fruits and vegetables.

Airway Surface Liquid pH Regulation in Airway Epithelium Current Understandings and Gaps in Knowledge

Knowledge on the mechanisms of acid and base secretion in airways has progressed recently. The aim of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of airway surface liquid (ASL) pH regulation and their implication in lung diseases. Normal ASL is slightly acidic relative to the interstitium, and defects in ASL pH regulation are associated with various respiratory diseases, such as cystic fibrosis. Basolateral bicarbonate (HCO3−) entry occurs via the electrogenic, coupled transport of sodium (Na+) and HCO3−, and, together with carbonic anhydrase enzymatic activity, provides HCO3− for apical secretion. The latter mainly involves CFTR, the apical chloride/bicarbonate exchanger pendrin and paracellular transport. Proton (H+) secretion into ASL is crucial to maintain its relative acidity compared to the blood. This is enabled by H+ apical secretion, mainly involving H+/K+ ATPase and vacuolar H+-ATPase that carry H+ against the electrochemical potential gradient. Paracellular HCO3− transport, the direction of which depends on the ASL pH value, acts as an ASL protective buffering mechanism. How the transepithelial transport of H+ and HCO3− is coordinated to tightly regulate ASL pH remains poorly understood, and should be the focus of new studies.

Advances in Archaeological Soil Chemistry in Central Europe

Analytical technologies for the evaluation of archaeological soils have developed rapidly in recent decades, and now support a range of innovative research and interpretations of archaeological sites and landscapes. Established methods, including phosphates and multi-element ICP-MS/OES, have provided interpretations of the use of space within settlements and houses, and the function of specific archaeological features. Recently, portable X-Ray Fluorescence has been introduced to archaeological soil science, but published results have generated knowledge gaps. The correspondence between archaeological geochemical anomalies and specific human activities is partly dependent on geology (including sediment type and relative acidity and permeability of the soil), topography, and formation processes, as well as influence of human activities. At the same time, which elements, and fractions of elements, are measured is largely dependent on instrument parameters and extraction methods. This paper provides an overview of archaeological soil chemistry in Central Europe, and the current state-of-the-art, followed by an assessment of future developments in archaeological soil chemistry, molecular biogeochemistry, and the significance of geoarchaeology in multi-disciplinary research.

The influence of substituent field and resonance effects on the ease of N-heterocyclic carbene formation from imidazolium rings

The influence of substituents on the relative acidity of C–H bonds.

Analysing the impact of a discussion-oriented curriculum on first-year general chemistry students' conceptions of relative acidity

Instructional strategies that support meaningful student learning of complex chemical topics are an important aspect of improving chemistry education. Adequately assessing the success of these approaches can be supported with the use of aligned instruments with established psychometrics. Here, we report the implementation and assessment of one such curriculum,Chemical Thinking, on first-year general chemistry students' conceptions of relative acidity using the recently-developed concept inventory,ACIDI. Our results reveal that, overall, students performed significantly better onACIDIfollowing instruction, with scores consistent with those previously reported for students who had completed one semester of organic chemistry. Students performed equally well on a delayed post-test administered ten weeks after final instruction, which suggests that instruction promoted a stable conceptual reprioritisation. Item analysis ofACIDIrevealed that students generally made conceptual gains on items where inductive effects were the primary determinants of conjugate base stability and relative acidity. However, students overwhelmingly struggled on items where resonance was the primary determinant. Analysis of student–student arguments in active learning settings provided evidence for how the quality of student arguments impacted their conceptions. Overall, these findings suggest that students were able to avoid several superficial misconceptions cited in the literature about relative acidity, and that this topic, traditionally taught exclusively in organic chemistry, may be introduced earlier in the sequence of curricular topics. Implications for future studies on the role of argumentational aspects of student–student conversations and facilitation strategies in promoting or hindering meaningful learning are discussed.

Brønsted activity of two-dimensional zeolites compared to bulk materials

Different reactivity parameters yield different results for the relative acidity of zeolitic Brønsted sites in thin films and in bulk materials. Whereas the adsorption energies of ammonia and pyridine are about the same, the energy of deprotonation is much lower for two-dimensional systems than for three-dimensional systems. It is shown that this is due to the smaller effective dielectric constant of two-dimensional systems, which leads to much lower deprotonation energies, but also to much lower interaction energies between the protonated molecule and the negatively charged surface site. In the total adsorption energies, both effects nearly compensate each other.

Spectroscopic determination of relative Brønsted acidity as a predictor of reactivity in aprotic ionic liquids

FTIR-enabled titration of pyridine with Brønsted acids in aprotic ionic liquids successfully predicts relative acidity and reaction rates.

Differential Fertilization and Nutritive Substrates Effect on the Flowering Degree of Pelargonium Zonale

This paper presents researches regarding the effect of differential fertilization and nutritive substrates on the flowering degree of Pelargonium zonale species. Aim of this subject research resulted from the desire to conduct experiments that provide results with beneficial impact on geraniums crop, results allowing production of some quality plants, both in terms of aesthetics and plant health.Research followed the effect of differential fertilization and of nutritive substrates on the degree of geraniums flowering. The research focused on experiments designed to highlight favourable combinations of soil and fertilizer for geraniums development and particularly, favourable for flowering (the main ornamental quality). The types of substrate, fertilizers, pH varies depending on the type of crop, the substrate and the source of fertilizer and can be affected by the source of water and the type of irrigation system. Relative acidity or alkalinity of the substrate type affects directly the availability of nutrients in the plants root system. By applying the fertilizers, amendments and culture technology can be changed, to a large extent, the direction of the chemical and biochemical process from soil as well as the fertility status.

The application of hydrogen-palladium electrode for potentiometric acid-base determinations in tetrahydrofuran

The application of the hydrogen-palladium electrode (H2/Pd) as the indicator electrode for the determination of relative acidity scale (Es, mV) of tetrahydrofuran (THF) and the potentiometric titrations of acids in this solvent was investigated. The relative acidity scale tetrahydrofuran was determined from the difference half-neutralization potentials of perchloric acid and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH), which were measured by using both H2/Pd-SCE and glass-SCE electrode pairs. The experimentally obtained value of Es scale THF with a H2/Pd-SCE electrode pair was 1155 mV, and those obtained with glass-SCE electrode pair 880 mV. By using a H2/Pd indicator electrode, the individual acids (benzoic acid, palmitic acid, maleic acid, acetyl acetone, ?-naphthol) and two component acid mixtures (benzoic acid + ?-naphthol, palmitic acid + ?-naphthol, maleic acid + ?-naphthol and maleic acid + ftalic acid) were titrated with a standard solution of TBAH. In addition, sodium methylate and potassium hydroxide proved to be very suitable titrating agents for titrating of the individual acids and the acids in mixtures, respectively. The relative error of the determination of acids in mixture was less than 3%. The results are in agreement with those obtained by a conventional glass electrode. The advantages of H2/Pd electrode over a glass electrode in potentiometric acid-base determinations in tetrahydrofuran lie in the following: this electrode gives wider relative acidity scale THF, higher the potential jumps at the titration end-point and relatively fast response time; furthermore, it is very durable, simple to prepare and can be used in the titrations of small volumes.