FACTOR OF INFLUENCE IN NORMATIVE THEORIES OF JOURNALISM

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-48
Author(s):  
Zinovii Partyko
Keyword(s):  
Information Theory ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
News Agencies ◽  
Logical Method ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Information Providers ◽  
Energy Information ◽  
Factor Of Influence

The purposeof the article is to determine whether the information of any media messages received by recipients may not affect them.Research methods: a) modeling (to reproduce the information processingof messagesby recipients); b) logical method (to prove the thesis); c) comparison (to compare the obtained result with the literature data).Resultsof the research. Modern so-called normative theories of journalism (authoritarian, libertarian, social responsibility, Soviet totalitarian) assumethat journalists, news agencies and the media should only "inform", but in no way influence the recipients. In this regard, there are such types of influence as energy, information and psychological. Then, based on the basic tenets of cybernetics, physics, information theory, mathematical statistics and psychology, the method of logical proof concludes that any messages perceived by recipients have all three types of influence on them, which can not beavoided.Conclusions.1. Any information perceived by recipients affects them energetically, informationally and psychologically. 2. In modern so-called normative theories of journalism, the provision that information providers (journalists, news agencies, mass media) are obliged only to "inform" recipients, without exerting any influence on them, should be considered erroneous. Therefore, in this segment, the relevant provisions of these theories of journalism require proper correction. 3. Instead, in theories of journalism, and more broadly -the media, it is correct to say that the impact of messages depends on the type of communication, growing in the direction from journalism to public relations, advertising, propaganda and information wars.

The Crisis of Public Health as a Media Event

2016 ◽  
pp. 78-89
Author(s):  
Valentina Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public System ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Event

The focus of the present article is on the analysis of the influence exercised by media narratives on the Romanian audience's reconstructions of social movements from January-February 2012. The analysis was interested to show what are the aspects involved in the publicizing of this media event in Romania, by focusing on the event narrative built in such a way to transmit a particular significance related to the protest movements related to the crisis of the health public system in Romania. Two research methods were used in collecting the data: a survey on two hundreds Romanian respondents and quantitative content analysis of five national Romanian newspapers. As the results show, the high consumption of mass media messages does not determine whether the public adopts the media narratives concerning the events from the beginning of year 2012. At the same time, the analysis shows that in the case of the media events that took place in Romania in January-February 2012 the impact of the media narrative on the way in which the audience from Romania rebuilt those protests was a minor one and other factors had played a major role in triggering massive mass protests in Romania.

scholarly journals The big NZ journalism survey: Underpaid, under-trained, under-resourced, unsure about the future – but still idealistic

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hollings ◽  
Geoff Lealand ◽  
Alan Samson ◽  
Elspeth Tilley
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Job Status ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Pay Disparity ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Pay

This survey (n=514) updates and extends previous surveys of New Zealand journalists, by measuring attitudes to resourcing, news coverage, ethics and standards, changing technology, ownership and other topics. Reasonably broad coverage of print, broadcast and internet journalists was achieved. Low pay and a lack of support and training, rather than staff numbers, were the standout concerns. Most respondents believed coverage of local, political, business and features was good, while sports achieved the highest rating and foreign coverage the lowest. Respondents generally rated ethics and standards as important, and while they had concerns about sensationalism, they did not seek more regulation. They considered the media was generally performing its watchdog role well, but had concerns about the impact of decreasing resources (especially staff numbers, levels of experience, and time to develop in-depth investigations) on that watchdog role, as well as the impact of changing technology, commercial and advertising pressures. They were evenly divided between antagonism and tolerance in their stances towards public relations. Respondents’ political views were generally neutral or slightly left. There were significant differences across gender, job status, employer and age in many of the results. Demographic data suggest the workforce is becoming more feminised, (as earlier surveys have suggested), with disproportionate numbers of younger women and older men, and an apparent pay disparity between males and females. Note: The PJR published version did not include the politics section. A second full text file is linked with the politics section included.

scholarly journals Journalism in 2020–2021: development trends and forecasts

2020 ◽  
pp. 11-21
Author(s):  
Aleksander V. Zemlyanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Development Trends ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Business Politics ◽  
Separate Factor ◽  
The Media ◽  
Foreign Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Factor Of Influence

The article analyzes the current state of media in its various aspects: communicative, economic, functional, informative and others. Modern media reality is fixed on the basis of data from leading domestic and foreign media analysts and media groups and is considered in the context of the processes occurring in business, politics and society. Among the factors influencing the state of modern media, the following are considered: a decrease in the number of local news and demand for news of an international scale; pressure on journalists from politicians, businessmen, famous cultural and sports figures; changes in the ratio of demand for entertainment and news content; various ways of monetizing content used by modern media and media groups, as well as the audience’s reaction to these methods; implementation of the latest technologies in the processes of creating and promoting media. The article also considers the effects of various factors on the modern media environment. Based on the study of these data, the article provides forecasts of future media development trends. The situation with the coronavirus pandemic, its role in the news agenda, and the impact on content producers and the audience are considered as a separate factor of influence on the media environment.

scholarly journals Still European and female, but older: Profiling the New Zealand journalist

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Hollings
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Public Relations ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Pay Disparity ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Pay

This survey (n=514) updates and extends previous surveys of New Zealand journalists, by measuring attitudes to resourcing, news coverage, ethics and standards, changing technology, ownership and other topics. Reasonably broad coverage of print, broadcast and internet journalists was achieved. Low pay and a lack of support and training, rather than staff numbers, were the standout concerns. Most respondents believed coverage of local, political, business and features was good, while sports achieved the highest rating and foreign coverage the lowest. Respondents generally rated ethics and standards as important, and while they had concerns about sensationalism, they did not seek more regulation. They considered the media was generally performing its watchdog role well, but had concerns about the impact of decreasing resources (especially staff numbers, levels of experience, and time to develop in-depth investigations) on that watchdog role, as well as the impact of changing technology, commercial and advertising pressures. They were evenly divided between antagonism and tolerance in their stances towards public relations. Respondents’ political views were generally neutral or slightly left. There were significant differences across gender, job status, employer and age in many of the results. Demographic data suggest the workforce is becoming more feminised, (as earlier surveys have suggested), with disproportionate numbers of younger women and older men, and an apparent pay disparity between males and females.

scholarly journals Developing Social Media-Based Suicide Prevention Messages in Partnership With Young People: Exploratory Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jo Robinson ◽  
Eleanor Bailey ◽  
Sarah Hetrick ◽  
Steve Paix ◽  
Matt O'Donnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Young People ◽  
Suicide Prevention ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
School Students ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Prevention Messages ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Background Social media is increasingly being used by young people for health-related issues, including communicating about suicide. Due to the concerns about causing distress or inducing suicidal thoughts or behaviors, to date young people neither have been engaged in the development of social media–based suicide prevention interventions nor have interventions focused on educating young people about safe ways to communicate about suicide online. Given the potential that social media holds to deliver messages to vast numbers of people across space and time and the fact that young people often prefer to seek help from their friends and peers, safely educating and engaging young people to develop suicide prevention messages that can be delivered via social media is an obvious next step. Objectives The objectives of this study were to (1) provide education to a small number of secondary school students about safe ways to communicate about suicide via social media; (2) engage the same young people in the development of a suite of social media–based suicide prevention multimedia messages; (3) assess the impact of this on participants; and (4) assess the acceptability and safety of the messages developed. Methods This study involved two phases. In phase 1, 20 participants recruited from two schools took part in an 8- to 10-week program during which they were provided with psychoeducation about mental health and suicide, including how to talk safely about suicide online, and they were then supported to design and develop their own media messages. These participants completed an evaluation questionnaire at the conclusion of the program. In phase 2, a larger group of participants (n=69), recruited via an opt-in process, viewed the media messages and completed a short questionnaire about each one. Results Participants in phase 1 enjoyed the program and reported that they learned new skills, such as how to talk safely about suicide online, and felt more able to provide emotional support to others (16/20, 80%). No participants reported that the program made them feel suicidal. Participants in phase 2 generally rated the media messages as safe and acceptable, although some messages were rated more highly than others. Conclusions This study suggests that young people can be safely engaged in developing suicide prevention messages, which can be disseminated via social media. Engaging young people in this process may improve the traction that such campaigns will have with other young people. The study also suggests that educating young people regarding how to talk safely about suicide online has multiple benefits and is not associated with distress. Overall, these findings pave the way for new approaches to prevent suicide among young people.

scholarly journals Empleo del storytelling y las narrativas en primera persona en la comunicación de Las Kellys como referente para las ONGs

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Labor Rights ◽  
Communication Tools ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Colloquial Language ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Communication Challenges ◽  
The Media ◽  
Socioeconomic Crisis ◽  
The Impact

In the context of the socioeconomic crisis of recent years in Spain, in which NGOs and social movements have had to face significant communication challenges and opportunities, this paper analyzes the case of Las Kellys, an organization for hotel maids created in 2016 that has used storytelling in its public relations actions with the media to successfully transfer to society its claims to improve their labor rights. Qualitative and quantitative methodologies are combined to evaluate the communication tools used and the impact of their actions, providing useful insights to maximize the communicative effectiveness of other organizations, especially NGOs, through first-person narratives, with fully authentic, familiar and colloquial language. Resumen En el contexto de la crisis socioeconómica de los últimos años en España en el que las ONGs y los movimientos sociales han tenido que enfrentarse a importantes retos y oportunidades de comunicación, este trabajo analiza el caso de Las Kellys, la organización de camareras de piso creada en 2016, que ha utilizado el storytelling en sus acciones de Relaciones Públicas con los medios para trasladar con éxito a la sociedad sus reivindicaciones de mejora de sus derechos laborales. Se ha combinado una metodología cualitativa y cuantitativa para evaluar los medios comunicativos empleados y el impacto de sus acciones, realizando aportaciones que pueden ser de utilidad para maximizar la eficacia comunicativa de otras organizaciones, especialmente de las ONGs, a través de las narrativas en primera persona, con un lenguaje cercano y coloquial que las dotan de plena autenticidad.

Advocates’ Experiences With Media and the Impact of Media on Human Trafficking Advocacy

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 1108-1132 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaclyn D. Houston-Kolnik ◽  
Christina Soibatian ◽  
Mona M. Shattell
Keyword(s):  
Nonprofit Organizations ◽  
Human Trafficking ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Structural Factors ◽  
Media Advocacy ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Impact

The present qualitative study explores advocates’ opinions of misinformation about human trafficking in the media and describes advocates’ strategies to counter the misinformation presented by the media. Thus, 15 advocates who work against human trafficking in Chicago-based nonprofit organizations participated in semistructured interviews about their opinions and strategies. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The present study identifies specific misperceptions of human trafficking in the media, highlights advocates’ opinions of this misinformation, and discusses advocates’ strategies to counteract inaccurate media, adding support to the role of media advocacy. Advocates note how media images shape and perpetuate stereotypes of trafficking through glamorizing sex work and sensationalizing stories that are most often international depictions of trafficking. Advocates report media generally shares only a piece of the story, simplifying the stories of survivors and the issue of human trafficking. Advocates critique media perpetuating these misperceptions for how they may contribute to policies and programs which fail to address structural factors that create vulnerabilities to be trafficked and the multisystem needs of survivors. However, advocates also note misperceptions can be counteracted by producing sensitive, informed media through social platforms. Advocates share their strategies counteracting misinformation through engaging in informative conversations, utilizing social media to educate, and promoting media messages of survivor agency. Research, clinical, and policy implications are also discussed. The present study emphasizes the importance of decision makers and service providers being critical consumers of media and to assess how media portrayals may (or may not) inform their understanding and response to the issue.

The Crisis of Public Health as a Media Event

2016 ◽  
pp. 1091-1101
Author(s):  
Valentina Marinescu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public System ◽  
Protest Movements ◽  
The Public ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
The Media ◽  
Media Narratives ◽  
A Minor ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Media Event

The focus of the present article is on the analysis of the influence exercised by media narratives on the Romanian audience's reconstructions of social movements from January-February 2012. The analysis was interested to show what are the aspects involved in the publicizing of this media event in Romania, by focusing on the event narrative built in such a way to transmit a particular significance related to the protest movements related to the crisis of the health public system in Romania. Two research methods were used in collecting the data: a survey on two hundreds Romanian respondents and quantitative content analysis of five national Romanian newspapers. As the results show, the high consumption of mass media messages does not determine whether the public adopts the media narratives concerning the events from the beginning of year 2012. At the same time, the analysis shows that in the case of the media events that took place in Romania in January-February 2012 the impact of the media narrative on the way in which the audience from Romania rebuilt those protests was a minor one and other factors had played a major role in triggering massive mass protests in Romania.

scholarly journals The U. S. Presidential Elections from the Point Of View of the European Press

Norteamérica ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos De las Heras-Pedrosa ◽  
Carmen Jambrino-Maldonado ◽  
Patricia Iglesias-Sánchez ◽  
Jairo Lugo-Ocando
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Research Paper ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Electoral Campaigns ◽  
Visual Elements ◽  
Theatrical Performance ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

Public relations strategies based on dramatization are key tools to achieving success in electoral campaigns. Press offices play a fundamental role as theatre directors, turning their leaders into great actors. What at first glance would look like a theatrical performance is, more than ever, what happened in the US presidential elections. Newspapers are intensifying the use of visual elements to reinforce the news. This research paper analyses 2,463 articles from eight digital newspapers in four countries to learn about the impact of visuals and dramatization on the European press. It seems paradoxical that the progressive newspapers devoted more articles to Trump than the conservative newspapers. A lack of time on the part of the journalists? What is certain is that the visuals prepared by Trump’s press office and his perfectly designed public appearances, were reproduced by the media. The study shows that the progressive newspapers analysed have contributed to giving Trump greater visibility in Europe.

The Impact of a Localized Antidrug Media Campaign on Targeted Variables Associated with Adolescent Drug Use

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen J. Kelly ◽  
Randall C. Swaim ◽  
Jeffrey C. Wayman
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Media Campaign ◽  
Adolescent Drug Use ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Media Messages ◽  
Twelfth Grade ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Impact

The authors report a study designed to determine whether antidrug campaigns that have been localized can affect variables associated with adolescent drug use. An experiment was conducted with sets of matched communities with populations between 5000 and 30,000 distributed throughout the United States. Seventh- through twelfth-grade students in experimental communities were exposed to a year-long media campaign followed by a survey. The targeted variables were perceived influence of media messages on “favorability” toward substance use and drug-related intentions, perceived harm of substance use, parental sanctions against substance use, parent-child communication about substance use, peer encouragement to use substances, and peer sanctions against substance use. Recall of the media campaign was low. However, adolescents with low and moderate levels of drug use who recalled individual campaign flights showed beneficial effects on targeted variables in comparison with students who did not recall the campaigns and control students who were not exposed to the campaigns. The implications of the findings for further research and public policy are discussed.

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