Proses Pembentukan Makna Simpulan Bahasa “Kepala Angin” Menggunakan Prinsip Metafora Integrasi (The Process of Forming a More Complex Idiomatic Meaning Using A Principle of Integration Metaphors)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-110
Author(s):  
Asiah Ismail ◽  
Anida Sarudin ◽  
Zulkifli Osman ◽  
Husna Faredza Mohamed Redzwan
Keyword(s):  
Idiomatic Meaning

Errors made by students of Iraqi college level in the area of phrasal verbs

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (138) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Zainab Abbas Al-sadi ◽  
Ashwaq AbdulMehdi
Keyword(s):  
College Of Education ◽  
English Department ◽  
College Level ◽  
Phrasal Verbs ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

The present study aims at finding out the difference in the number of errors made by the students at the college level in relation to the use of idiomatic and literal phrasal verbs. To achieve this aim, a test of 30 items has been conducted to a sample of 150 students at college of Education, English department, University of Diyala. After analyzing the data statistically, it has been found out that the number of errors committed in the recognition part is nearly similar to that of the production one and the students have committed more errors in the use of the phrasal verbs that have idiomatic meaning.

Idiom as the intersection of conceptual and syntactic schemas

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 492-509 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIEL SANFORD
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Effects ◽  
Token Frequency ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Idiomatic Expressions ◽  
The Status ◽  
On Line ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

abstractTwo key issues in the study of idiom are the metaphorical status of idioms (whether or not underlying metaphors are active in the on-line processing of figurative idiomatic expressions) and the compositional status of idioms (whether or not the overall meaning of such expressions is analyzable from internal elements). This study addresses these questions from the perspective of emergent metaphor theory (Sanford, 2012, 2013), arguing that key properties of such expressions − idiosyncrasy of both form and meaning, the potential for idiom to be manipulated in discourse, and diachronic patterns in changes of idiomatic meaning − follow from the status of metaphorical idioms as highly entrenched instances of both conceptual and syntactic mappings. In the case of both types of schema, the interaction of type and token frequency effects predict the metaphoricity and analyzability of idioms.

scholarly journals Can you reach for the planets or grasp at the stars? – Modified noun, verb, or preposition constituents in idiom processing

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Smolka ◽  
Carsten Eulitz
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Type ◽  
The Other ◽  
Psycholinguistic Research ◽  
Idiom Comprehension ◽  
Figurative Meaning ◽  
Idiomatic Phrase ◽  
Idiom Processing ◽  
Special Case ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning ◽  
Control Sentence

Idioms are a special case of multi-word expressions in that their meaning cannot be compositionally constructed from the meaning of the single constituents. The question of how the idiomatic meaning is assembled remains an unsettled issue in psycholinguistic research. The present study examines whether the figurative meaning of an idiom is recognized if critical idiomatic constituents, such as the noun, verb, or preposition, are modified. In three paraphrase experiments, participants saw (a) the canonical idiomatic phrase (e.g., She reached for the stars), (b) the idiomatic phrase with a modified constituent (e.g., She reached/grasped for/at the stars/planets), or (c) a matched literal control sentence (e.g., She reached for the sweets) and rated on a scale from 1 (not at all) - 7 (completely) how strongly the sentence reflected the meaning of a paraphrase of the idiom (e.g., She has always aspired to unattainable goals). Sentence type and constituent type strongly affected paraphrase ratings with highest ratings for canonical idiomatic phrases, lowest ratings for control sentences, and ratings in between for idioms with modified constituents. Further, idioms with modified verbs were rated higher in matching the figurative meaning than idioms with modified prepositions or nouns. Overall these findings indicate that the figurative meaning was assembled in spite of the modifications. We conclude that idioms are not fully ‘semantically fixed’ but allow for some flexibility in the processing of idioms. Modified constituents that activate meanings similar to those of the canonical constituents will co-activate the figurative meaning of the idiom together with the other idiomatic constituents. We discuss psycholinguistic models on idiom comprehension.

scholarly journals Aspek Semantik dan Pragmatik dalam Penerjemahan

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Bena Yusuf Pelawi
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Meaning ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Situational Meaning ◽  
Linguistic Aspect ◽  
Pragmatic Aspects ◽  
Textual Meaning ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning ◽  
Contextual Meaning

Research deployed translation issues, mainly concerning from semantic and pragmatic aspects. Discussion was started by stating the importance of linguistic aspects comprehended and applied by a translator, such as grammar, phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics, sociolinguistics, and psycholinguistics. Research presented six meaning problems in translation, those related to lexical meaning, grammatical meaning, contextual meaning or situational meaning, textual meaning, socio-cultural meaning, and idiomatic meaning. It can be concluded that the ability to apply linguistic aspect both from the source and targeted languages take important role to produce a good translation.  

scholarly journals Formulae, Wordplay, Verses and More: Where Humor Research Meets Phraseology

Kalbotyra ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 104-131
Author(s):  
Virginija Masiulionytė
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Social Play ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Behavioral Models ◽  
Shared Feature ◽  
Distinct Class ◽  
The Social ◽  
Verse Form ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

 This paper aims to examine the meeting points between phraseology and humor research, focusing on the role and the functions of fixed phrases in humor discourse. The examples to illustrate certain aspects of usage of fixed phrases for joke purposes are taken mainly from social media such as Facebook and Twitter and include jokes in English, German, Lithuanian, Russian, and Polish. In the course of the investigation, a distinction ought to be made between set phrases (idioms in the narrower sense of the term, proverbs, catch phrases etc.) and fixed phrases in general. Set phrases (phrasemes) have an “added value” regarding their meaning – be it a figurative element, be it ready-made reasoning or behavioral models in short form in the case of adages. In humor discourse idioms – and proverbs – are used mainly for wordplay, in which both the literal and the idiomatic meaning are activated. The wordplay can happen also in verse form. Adages can be transformed or twisted resulting in new parodistic or funny sayings. Fixed phrases outside of the phraseology can be separated into two groups: phrases typical for a particular discourse type and joke frame related phrases. The former, as means to evoke a certain frame, are used in parodistic jokes (e.g., the phrase ladies if he evokes the dating tips frame). The latter constitute a distinct class of fixed phrases which can be found only in the humor discourse: these phrases act as joke formulae und provide a basis for bigger or smaller joke categories. Certain phrases in this group, such as checks notes or nothing like deserve a mention as irony markers with a distinctive evaluative character. The shared feature of all these idiomatic and non-idiomatic phrases is that they are well-known, re-occur in the language and, in that respect, can considered belonging to the sphere of interests of phraseology. Regarding the main functions of fixed phrases in the humor discourse, they can contribute to the social play, provide the cues to switch to a nonserious humor mindset or express evaluation – from mild mockery to aggressive ridicule.

scholarly journals Analisis Semantis Idiom Bahasa Jepang yang Menggunakan Leksem Mata

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Luthfi Nur Utari ◽  
Ely Triasih Rahayu ◽  
Hartati Hartati
Keyword(s):  
Semantic Analysis ◽  
Japanese Language ◽  
Lexical Meaning ◽  
Data Source ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning ◽  
Descriptive Qualitative

The research entitled Semantic Analysis of Japanese Idiom Using Eye Lexem, aims to 1) describe the lexical meaning behind the forming element of Japanese language idioms using eye lexem 2) describe the idiomatic meaning behind the forming element of the Japanese language idioms using eye lexem. The research belong to descriptive qualitative especially using reading and noting method. The result shows that there are 25 eye lexeme idioms, among other things 7 idioms belong to sentiment, 2 of them belong to characters, 12 of them belong to the action and behavior, and 4 of them belong to the value and degrees. Based on the results according to the data source, there are no idioms stating the culture of society. However, it can be concluded that the Japanese idioms using eye lexem are still frequently used.

scholarly journals CONCEPTUALISATIONS OF ANGER IN ENGLISH IDIOMS. AN ANALYSIS BASED ON THE EXTENDED CONCEPTUAL METAPHOR THEORY

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Dobiášová
Keyword(s):  
Crucial Role ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Conceptual Metaphor Theory ◽  
Heat Element ◽  
Image Schemas ◽  
Language Analysis ◽  
Metaphor Theory ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

The article combines the approach to idiom classification according to Langlotz (2006) and the recently suggested analytical framework for figurative language analysis known under the name of the Extended Conceptual Metaphorical Theory (Kovecses 2020). The aim of the article is to identify some of the conceptual pathways of ANGER idioms in English. The analysis of 37 idioms for expressing ANGER revealed that both metaphorical (e.g. go through/hit the root) and metonymic (e.g. make someone's hackles rise) motivations play a crucial role in the transparency of the idiomatic meaning. It was also concluded that three image schemas in particular play a crucial role in metaphorical idioms for expressing the concept of ANGER in English: ACTIVITY IS MOTIO N, INTENSITY OF ACTIVITY IS HEAT and ANGER IS HEAT. However, contrary to the HEAT element, which is particularly salient in linguistic metaphors for expressing ANGER (e.g. kindle the wrath), it is the MOTION element which plays the crucial role in the conceptualizations of ANGER in idioms in English (e.g. go through/hit the roof, flip the lid, fly off the handle).

scholarly journals НЕМОТИВОВАНІ СКЛАДНОНУЛЬСУФІКСАЛЬНІ АД’ЄКТИВИ З ДРУГИМ НЕСОМАТИЧНИМ КОМПОНЕНТОМ НА ОЗНАЧЕННЯ ЛЮДИНИ

2019 ◽  
pp. 130-136
Author(s):  
О. І. Мізіна ◽  
Т. К. Ісаєнко
Keyword(s):  
Functional Properties ◽  
Negative Evaluation ◽  
Special Study ◽  
Semantic Group ◽  
Word Usage ◽  
Complex Zero ◽  
Usage Frequency ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Role Specificity ◽  
Idiomatic Meaning

The article outlines the derivational, structural-semantic and functional properties of usual and individual-authorial adjectival composites with a materially non-marked suffix with the first adjectival and the second substantive component, denoting a characteristic of a person and having basically non-somatic notion of anthroponymic and non-anthroponymic character. Adjectival composites with the first adjectival and the second substantive component occupy a noticeable place among adjectival derivatives formed with the participation of a zero-suffix formant. So far, composites of the investigated word-formative type in general and complex-zero-suffixal adjectives with a materially non-marked formant in particular have never been the subject of a special study, which determines the relevancy of the chosen topic. The purpose of the article is to define the word-usage frequency of the corresponding complex-zero-suffixal adjectival derivatives, to find out their place, role, specificity of functioning in the modern Ukrainian language, to elucidate their derivational, structural-semantic and functional properties. The achievement of the stated goal involves solving of the following tasks: to determine the peculiar properties of the motivation of the derivatives under study, to analyze the external valency, as well as to find out their pragmatic potential. The conducted analysis of the complex-zero-suffixal adjectival derivatives has revealed the following tendencies: among the composites of the lexical-semantic group being studied, only opaque (non-motivated) composites function actively, while we have not noticed motivated and semi-motivated lexical items among them. Complex-zero-suffixal adjectives have broad co-occurrence and extensively implement their figurative (allegoric) meanings. On the whole, the corresponding composites, entering into distribution with the nouns denoting a person, gain pejorative meaning, becoming the markers of negative evaluation and disparagement. Sometimes it happens that the units under study come into distribution with the nouns denoting the phenomena of nature, realizing a new figurative idiomatic meaning – “the revival” of the nonliving, thus replenishing the corpus of epithets and contributing to the enrichment of the poetic language imagery.

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