Pelindungan Hukum terhadap Minuman Alkohol Tradisional Khas Indonesia (Legal Protection towards Indonesian Traditional Alcoholic Beverages)

Traditional alcoholic beverages have existed in Indonesian culture and society for various purposes. Its existence has been influenced by the concoction of alcoholic beverages which adversely affects the traditional alcoholic beverages’ image. These beverages are actually Intellectual Property Rights, IPR-based products of cultural heritage with indications of origin that have characteristics so that they cannot be compared to other countries’ alcoholic beverages, even though current regulations still regulate the opposite. This paper examines the legal protection of Indonesian traditional alcoholic beverages which are also adapted to their characteristics and the influence of Indonesian legal culture on these traditional alcoholic beverages. This research is a normative study with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approach method with South Korea and France as a comparison. Prudent and objective legal protection from the point of view of IPR for traditional alcoholic beverages is expected to develop positive aspects while still anticipating negative ones. This study concludes that Indonesian traditional alcoholic beverages that fulfill 3 unique characteristics can be protected as intangible cultural heritage (public property) or an indication of origin (belongs to local communities), although what is more appropriate now is an indication of origin so that the Government needs to adjust the regulatory design, especially at the national level, according to the indication of origin. AbstrakMinuman alkohol tradisional telah ada di budaya masyarakat Indonesia dengan berbagai tujuan peruntukan. Perkembangan eksistensinya dipengaruhi oleh minuman beralkohol racikan yang memberi pengaruh buruk ke citra alkohol tradisional. Minuman alkohol tradisional sesungguhnya merupakan produk berbasis kekayaan intelektual di bidang warisan budaya dan indikasi asal yang memiliki karakteristik sehingga tidak dapat disamakan dengan minuman beralkohol lainnya, meskipun regulasi yang ada saat ini masih mengatur sebaliknya. Tulisan ini meneliti mengenai pelindungan hukum minuman alkohol tradisional khas Indonesia yang disesuaikan pula dengan karakteristiknya dan pengaruh budaya hukum masyarakat Indonesia terhadap minuman alkohol tradisional tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian normatif dengan metode pendekatan perundang-undangan, pendekatan konseptual, serta pendekatan perbandingan dengan Korea Selatan dan Prancis. Pelindungan hukum yang bijak dan objektif dari sudut pandang Hak atas Kekayaan Intelektual (HKI) terhadap minuman alkohol tradisional diharapkan dapat mengembangkan aspek positif dengan tetap mengantisipasi aspek negatifnya. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa minuman alkohol tradisional khas Indonesia yang memenuhi 3 karakteristik khusus dapat dilindungi sebagai warisan budaya tak benda (milik publik) ataupun indikasi asal (milik masyarakat lokal) walaupun yang lebih tepat untuk diterapkan saat ini adalah indikasi asal sehingga Pemerintah perlu menyesuaikan perancangan regulasi di tingkat pusat sesuai indikasi asal.

Estudo bibliométrico e análise de tendências de pesquisa em indicações geográficas

A Indicação Geográfica (IG) é o reconhecimento utilizado para indicar a origem de produto ou serviço a uma determinada região ou localidade. A proteção para produtos ou serviços, com características específicas atribuíveis ao meio geográfico, vem crescendo ao redor do mundo e as IG, constituídas como instrumento de propriedade intelectual, tornam-se cada vez mais importantes para o desenvolvimento regional e o comércio internacional. Nessa perspectiva, o presente artigo realizou estudo bibliométrico a fim de conhecer o cenário e tendências de pesquisas acerca da temática das IG em âmbito internacional, por meio do levantamento das produções científicas contidas nas bases de pesquisa Scopus e Web of Science, no período compreendido entre 2010 a 2019. Para isso, utilizou-se como método de busca de artigos as palavras-chaves “Geographical Indication” or “Indication of Provenance” or “Indication of origin”, junto aos descritores Article title, Abstract e Keywords das bases consultadas. Após refinamento e adequação dos trabalhos identificados, foram analisadas 374 publicações. Os resultados deste estudo apontam Itália, França e Brasil com as maiores ocorrências de publicações. Ciências Biológicas e Agrícolas (45%), Ciências Sociais (26%), Negócios, Gestão e Contabilidade (12%), Ciência Ambiental (9%) e Economia, Econometria e Finanças (8%) contemplam as áreas de concentração dos estudos sobre IG. Identificou-se como clusters de produção científica redes de conteúdo relacionados à IG e seus aspectos legais, IG e diferenciação, Governança e desenvolvimento rural.

LEGAL PROTECTION OF GEOGRAPHICAL INDICATIONS: NOVELTIES UNDER THE LEGISLATION OF UKRAINE

The article deals with the features of legal protection of geographical indications in Ukraine. The basic international acts protecting geographical indications in Ukraine are outlined, including the Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property of 1883, the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights in 1994. (TRIPS Agreement), which operates within the framework of the World Trade Organization and extends to goods originating in the Parties to the Agreement, Madrid Agreement 1891. and the Lisbon Agreement on the Protection of Designations of Origin and their International Registration in 1958, (Ukraine is not a party to the last two agreements). It also outlines the main national legal acts that protect this object of intellectual property, including the Civil Code of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine «On the Legal Protection of GeographicalIndications», the Law of Ukraine «On Protection against Unfair Competition» and others. The purpose of the study is to analyze changes in the legislation on the legal protection of geographical indications, which came into force on January 1, 2020 andbecame one of the ways to adapt the acts of national legislation to the law of the European Union in accordance with the commitments made by Ukraine after signing theAssociation Agreement with EU. These include changing the name of a special law that protects geographical indications. In addition, the change in terminology, the replacement of the term «indication of origin of goods» and its components by the term «geographical indication». The new also provides legal protection with homonymousgeographical indications; submitting an application for a geographical indication in electronic form, and at the same time providing a product specification and a description of its basic provisions. The article also addresses issues that remain unresolved, a large number of European geographical indications protected under the EU Association Agreement and a very small number of registered geographical indications originating from the territory of Ukraine and the prospects of protecting national geographical indications in Ukraine and beyond.

Market valorization of Serbian products with special characteristics

The issue of the perspective of survival and production of sufficient amounts and quality of health-safe food in the future is on the top of the contemporary society?s priority list. Limitation of non-renewable and renewable resources (as well as dramatic increase of population in the world and climate changes) additionally makes reaching this goal difficult. The Republic of Serbia (and especially the Province of Vojvodina) is in this sense very significant as a region suitable for this kind of production, not only for domestic needs, but also for placement of these products on the world market. This paper systematically presents different types of marks (geographical indication of origin, standards, certificates, etc.) that might be used for labelling products that have special characteristics. Such product label might influence their better positioning and their sale (the overall valorisation), since products marked by them acquire higher prices.

Legal Protection of the Right to Indication of Origin in Indonesia

The purpose of this study is to analyze the form of legal protection rights for indications of origin in Indonesia based on Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications (Trademark and GI Law). Legal protection rights for indications of origin are inseparable from consideration of the economic value inherent in a property. Indications of origin are different from geographical indications, indications of origin are signs that indicate the origin of goods or services that are not identical to natural (geographical) factors. This research is a normative juridical using primary legal materials and secondary legal materials, as well as using prescriptive analysis methods.The results of the study show that legal protection can be provided in the form of preventive and repressive legal protection, however, the legal protection regulation of rights for indications of origin in Indonesia are still relatively very low. Protection of rights for indications of the origin arises with a declarative system that cannot be separated from the rights to the trademark. The right to the trademark is a prerequisite for being able to declare the right to an indication of origin. The period of protection of rights for indications of the following ten years of protection of trademark and can be extended again. Transfer of rights to indications of origin is impossible to do because it is attached to the rights to the trademark and is different from the non-transferability as a geographical indication. Violation of rights for indications of origin can be in the form of use of indications of origin by non-registered users of trademark has been registered with indication of origin. The firmness of the government to provide legal protection in the form of statutory rights for indications of origin is an absolute necessity. The government must be present to provide a regulation as a consequence of the legal state, which means that in carrying out all tasks and activities, it must be based on applicable law.

POLÍTICAS PÚBLICAS COMO INSTRUMENTO PARA O DESENVOLVIMENTO DAS INDICAÇÕES GEOGRÁFICAS

Nos últimos anos as indicações geográficas (IG’s) têm sido consideradas como indutoras de desenvolvimento de uma região, com a valorização dos recursos territoriais e possibilitando o surgimento de novos nichos de mercados. Nesse contexto, o trabalho tem por objetivo compreender as políticas públicas como instrumentos indutores do desenvolvimento para os territórios que tenham o registro de indicações geográficas. A pesquisa se caracteriza como descritiva, bibliográfica e um estudo de caso. Decorrente da valorização dos recursos territoriais com a possibilidade do surgimento de novos nichos de mercados, nos últimos anos as IG têm sido consideradas como indutoras de desenvolvimento de uma região, principalmente a partir de políticas públicas. E este fato pode ser verificado na região delimitada pela Indicação de Procedência dos Vales da Uva Goethe. Neste sentido, as IGs podem ser pensadas como uma ferramenta de ocupação harmoniosa do espaço cultural produtivo, aliando a valorização de um produto típico e seus aspectos históricos e culturais, à conservação da biodiversidade e o desenvolvimento rural. In recent years, geographical indications (GIs) have been considered as inducing the development of a region, with the valorization of territorial resources and allowing the emergence of new market niches. In this context, the study aims to understand public policies as inducing instruments for the development of territories with geographical indications. The research is characterized as descriptive, bibliographical and a case study. Due to the valorization of the territorial resources with the possibility of the emergence of new market niches, in the last years the GIs have been considered as inducers of development of a region, mainly from public policies. And this fact can be verified in the region bounded by the Indication of Origin of Goethe Grape Vales. In this sense, GIs can be thought of as a tool for harmonious occupation of the productive cultural space, combining the valorization of a typical product and its historical and cultural aspects, biodiversity conservation and rural development.

Consumatori e certificazione dei prodotti da agricoltura biologica. Un'analisi empirica

According to the new organic (Regulation (ec) No 834/2007, a mandatory eu logo for organic food was introduced as well as new guidelines to label organic products. In the new labelling the indication of origin of the raw materials is compulsory: ‘eu Agriculture', ‘non-eu Agriculture' or ‘eu/non-eu Agriculture'. When all agricultural raw materials came from the same country, the terms ‘eu' and ‘non-eu' can be replaced or supplemented by the name of that country. The name of the Organic certifier can be also signalled to final consumers by the product labelling. In some eu countries (Denmark and Germany) the product label based on a third-party certification, private or public, make them trust the underlying certification scheme. Although consumers often lack knowledge on organic certification and organic farming practices in general, several studies highlight that scepticism and uncertainty towards organic logos and certification prevent consumers from buying more organic food. The present study analyses how consumers perceive some of the most important aspect of the new labelling regulation (the origin of raw materials and the organic certifier for organic food). Few studies exist on consumer views on organic labelling for organic food and willingness to pay for trust in the organic food quality (Burrell et al., 2006). The recommendations drawn from our findings can help stakeholders in the Italian organic sector. 415 consumers in three Italian locations (Ancona, Milano, Bari) participated to a survey in March 2010. The results show that the organic consumers prefer organic products from Europe and trust products certified by Italian (more than from foreign countries) and public certification bodies (more than private). These findings suggest the need for transparency of the complexity of the organic certification and accreditation system, unknown to most of the consumers. There is a need to make them clear what the new label characteristics stand for and remove consumer concerns of the standards and the trustworthiness of the inspection system.

Quality Certification Label: the Case of the Pioneering Indication of Origin in Brazil

In the region of Vale dos Vinhedos, RS it is inserted a network formed by wineries, grape growers, hotels and restaurants. Collective actions occur in the network, standing out the Indication of Origin Label of fine wines. This certification of quality affected several actors, since the consequences of the label for the different actors involved are unknown. Thus, in this study, the implications of the certification for the grape growers and wineries were identified, through interviews and questionnaires. The main results point to a scenario of value creation in the viticulture network. The label has a positive impact on the sales of fine and common wines of the wineries. It was also identified that the certification shows a positive influence on the income of the region's producers. The research demonstrates that the profits existent in networks overcome the risks and costs of such collective systems.