scholarly journals Susceptibility of agency judgments to social influence

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Baptista ◽  
Pierre O. Jacquet ◽  
Nura Sidarus ◽  
David Cohen ◽  
Valérian Chambon
Keyword(s):  
Social Influence ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
Action Control ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Adaptive Actions ◽  
Adequate Communication

The experience of agency refers to the phenomenal experience of being the causal source of one’s own actions, and through them, the course of events in the outside world. This experience is crucial for the production of adaptive actions, and for the adequate communication of felt action control to peers. The present study examines the possibility that, on certain occasions and under specific internal and external constraints, people rely on explicit social information provided by their peers to revise their self-reports of perceived control, i.e., their judgment of agency. Specifically, we used a novel ecological task based on an interactive computer game. We manipulated well-known sensorimotor agency cues related to action control, as well as social information communicated to participants by two advisors. We measured the contributions of social and non-social sources of information to agency judgments. We found that at the single-trial level, participants align their JoA with advisor feedback based on their own performance during the task, the type of feedback provided by advisors, and the interaction of this social feedback with the sensorimotor agency cues. At the same time, JoA alignment in previous trial also predicted participants’ tendency to revise their JoA after social feedback. Overall, these results demonstrate that agency judgment is subject to social influence. This influence is the result of the integration of social and non-social information at the scale of a single judgment, while also being driven by repeated past interactions with peers.

Cognitive Self-efficacy in Relation to Personal Mastery and Goal Setting across the Life Span

1993 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 351-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane M. Berry ◽  
Robin L. West
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Goal Setting ◽  
Perceived Control ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Control Beliefs ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Personal Mastery ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Perceived Control Beliefs

This article is an integrative review of empirical studies of cognitive self-efficacy from childhood through old age. Issues of definition and measurement are addressed and the relation of self-efficacy to personal mastery is evaluated. Research on academic achievement in children and adolescents, complex decision-making in young adults, and memory and intellectual functioning in older adults supports a variety of theoretically driven hypotheses regarding the sources and effects of self-efficacy. Percepts of self-efficacy are based on a variety of sources of information, including personal mastery and perceived control beliefs. Self-efficacy has predictable effects on a variety of task engagement variables (e.g. persistence, effort, goal setting, strategy usage, chioce) that mediate the relationship between self-efficacy and performance. Generalisations regarding the applicability of self-efficacy to understanding cognitive development across the life span are discussed in terms of age-relevant domains and it is argued that a life span treatment of self-efficacy development is particularly compelling because both life span theory and self-efficacy theory emphasise domain specificity.

Investigating Usability, User Preferences, Ergonomics, and Player Performance in StarCraft II

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 1210-1214
Author(s):  
Bradford L. Schroeder ◽  
Kevin Leyva ◽  
Kimberly Stowers ◽  
Joanna E. Lewis ◽  
Valerie K. Sims
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Computer Game ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Behavioral Data ◽  
Peripheral Equipment ◽  
Usability Problems ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Perceived Usability ◽  
Player Performance

The present study investigated several factors hypothesized to affect player performance in a real-time strategy computer game, StarCraft II (SC2). User preferences for certain game settings (e.g., custom hotkey shortcuts) and peripheral equipment (e.g., gaming keyboards, laser mice) were surveyed along with usability perceptions and individual differences. In addition to these self-reports, participants uploaded replays of their perceived strongest SC2 games, offering a snapshot of players’ in-game behavioral data. Results indicated that perceived usability problems and higher neuroticism were linked to poorer performance, but multitasking tendencies and custom hotkeys were predictive of greater performance. Gaming keyboards were related to performance, although a performance benefit is inconclusive. Implications for individual differences, ergonomics, and usability are discussed.

Children’s Self-Perceptions in the Physical Domain: Between- and Within-Age Variability in Level, Accuracy, and Sources of Perceived Competence

2005 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 226-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maureen R. Weiss ◽  
Anthony J. Amorose
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Physical Domain ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Self Perception ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Self Perceptions ◽  
Self Reports

Both level (high vs. low) and accuracy (discrepancy between perceived and actual) of perceived competence are important contributors to domain-specific emotions and motivational processes. Moreover, age differences in level and accuracy of perceived competence have been explained by the sources of information children use to judge their competence. Thus the purpose of our study was to examine simultaneously the interrelationships among age, actual competence, and level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence. Children (N = 159) completed self-reports while teachers rated their actual competence at a sport camp. Cluster analysis revealed five profiles of children who varied in age, actual competence, perceived competence, and accuracy of perceived competence. These groups were further distinguished by the importance they placed on competence information sources. Results indicate that age, actual ability, and level, accuracy, and sources of perceived competence should be considered simultaneously in research on self-perception and motivational processes among youth.

scholarly journals No differences between autistic and non-autistic adults in social influence on risky decision-making

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lydia Hickman ◽  
Connor Keating ◽  
Jennifer Cook ◽  
Elliot Andrew Ludvig
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Risky Choice ◽  
Social Cues ◽  
Risky Decision Making ◽  
Risky Decision ◽  
The Social ◽  
Comparable Performance ◽  
Autistic Adults

Everyday risky decisions are susceptible to influence from a variety of sources, including the social context in which decisions take place. In the general population, people update their risk preferences based on knowledge of choices made by previous participants. In this study, we examined the influence of social information on the risky decision-making of autistic adults, a group in which differences in social processing have been observed. Autistic and non-autistic adults completed a risky decision-making task in the presence of both social and non-social information, either choosing for themselves or someone else on each trial. Notably, the social information comprised tokens that represented preferences of previous participants and was thus devoid of overt social cues such as faces or gestures. The non-social condition comprised a previously validated method where tokens represented “preferences” generated by weighted roulette wheels. Participants significantly shifted their choices when the influence (social or non-social) suggested a less risky choice. There were no group differences in risky decision-making when deciding for oneself compared to others. Interestingly, no differences in the effects of social and non-social influence were found between autistic and non-autistic adults. Considering previous evidence of social influence differences when using overtly social cues, we suggest that the removal of social cues in our paradigm led to comparable performance between the autistic and non-autistic groups. The current study paves the way for future studies investigating a confounding effect of social cues, which will lead to important insight for theories of social influence in autism.

scholarly journals Correlation between cyberloafing and media consumption: Results of teenagers’ self-reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 08-18
Author(s):  
Nadezhda Sivrikova
Keyword(s):  
Media Use ◽  
Final Part ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Media Consumption ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Self Reports

The study of the correlation between cyberloafing behaviour and the features of teenage media use became the goal of this research. A total of 121 teenagers (13–15 years old) participated in the survey. There were 61 boys and 60 girls. The results of the study showed that the phenomenon of cyberloafing is not widespread among schoolchildren in Russia. Most often, during lessons, teenagers search the network for the information they need or to communicate. The most popular sources of information for adolescents are the Internet, books and television. The results of the study show that the formation of cyberloafing behaviours is associated with quantitative and qualitative features of adolescent media consumption. The level of cyberloafing depends on media competence, as well as on the characteristics of the perception and processing of media information. The limitations of the presented study are discussed in the final part of this article.   Keywords: Cyberloafing, media use, generational psychology, adolescents, teenagers.

scholarly journals Impact of sharing full versus averaged social information on social influence and estimation accuracy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bertrand Jayles ◽  
Clément Sire ◽  
Ralf Kurvers
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Estimation Accuracy ◽  
Initial Estimate ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Human Tendency ◽  
Group Members

Information technology has changed our relation to information and to others. In particular, we are increasingly confronted with the opinions and beliefs of peers via the ever-expanding use of social networks and recommender systems. Such large amounts of information challenge people's ability to process them, making aggregated forms of social information increasingly popular. However, it is unclear whether people's judgments and decisions are similar, better, or worse when sharing aggregates versus sharing all the available information.To study this, we performed estimation experiments in which participants estimated various quantities, before and after receiving estimates from other group members. We varied the number of estimates shared, and subjects received either all the shared estimates or their geometric mean. In the latter case, subjects were informed about the number of estimates underlying the mean.Our results show that estimation accuracy improves similarly when sharing all estimates or averages.However, people use social information differently across treatments.First, subjects weigh social information more when receiving averages than when receiving all estimates. Moreover, this weight increases as more estimates underlie the average.Second, subjects weight social information more when it is higher than their initial estimate, than when it is lower. This effect drives second estimates toward higher values, thereby partly counteracting the well-known human tendency to underestimate large quantities. This effect is stronger when receiving all available estimates compared to receiving their average. We introduce a model which reproduces our experimental results well. The model predicts that at larger group sizes, accuracy improves significantly more when sharing averages than when sharing all estimates.

scholarly journals Dopaminergic challenge dissociates learning from primary versus secondary sources of information

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Rybicki ◽  
S. L. Sowden ◽  
B. A. Schuster ◽  
J. L Cook
Keyword(s):  
Dopamine D2 Receptor ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Individual Learning ◽  
Secondary Source ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Additional Element ◽  
Total N ◽  
Specific Learning

SummarySome theories of human cultural evolution posit that humans have social-specific learning mechanisms that are adaptive specialisations moulded by natural selection to cope with the pressures of group living. However, the existence of neurochemical pathways that are specialised for learning from social information and from individual experience is widely debated. Cognitive neuroscientific studies present mixed evidence for social-specific learning mechanisms: some studies find dissociable neural correlates for social and individual learning whereas others find the same brain areas and, dopamine-mediated, computations involved in both. Here we demonstrate that, like individual learning, social learning is modulated by the dopamine D2 receptor antagonist haloperidol when social information is the primary learning source, but not when it comprises a secondary, additional element. Two groups (total N = 43) completed a decision-making task which required primary learning, from own experience, and secondary learning from an additional source. For one group the primary source was social, and secondary was individual; for the other group this was reversed. Haloperidol affected primary learning irrespective of social/individual nature, with no effect on learning from the secondary source. Thus, we illustrate that neurochemical mechanisms underpinning learning can be dissociated along a primary-secondary but not a social-individual axis. These results resolve conflict in the literature and support an expanding field showing that, rather than being specialised for particular inputs, neurochemical pathways in the human brain can process both social and non-social cues and arbitrate between the two depending upon which cue is primarily relevant for the task at hand.

Age Differences in Information Processing: A Perspective on the Aged Consumer

1977 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 444-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn W. Phillips ◽  
Brian Sternthal
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Social Influence ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Practice Theory ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Process Information ◽  
Marketing Practice ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Elderly Individuals

Literature pertaining to the effects of age differences indicates that elderly individuals and younger adults process information differently. Age differences result in a complex set of changes in individuals’ sources of information, ability to learn, and susceptibility to social influence. The implications of these changes are discussed in terms of marketing practice, theory, and methodology.

scholarly journals Collective decision-making by rational agents with differing preferences

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (19) ◽  
pp. 10388-10396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Mann
Keyword(s):  
Private Information ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Social Feedback ◽  
Uncertain Environments ◽  
Individual Agent ◽  
Rational Agents ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioral Rules ◽  
The World ◽  
The Individual

Collective decisions can emerge from individual-level interactions between members of a group. These interactions are often seen as social feedback rules, whereby individuals copy the decisions they observe others making, creating a coherent group decision. The benefit of these behavioral rules to the individual agent can be understood as a transfer of information, whereby a focal individual learns about the world by gaining access to the information possessed by others. Previous studies have analyzed this exchange of information by assuming that all agents share common goals. While differences in information and differences in preferences have often been conflated, little is known about how differences between agents’ underlying preferences affect the use and efficacy of social information. In this paper, I develop a model of social information use by rational agents with differing preferences, and demonstrate that the resulting collective behavior is strongly dependent on the structure of preference sharing within the group, as well as the quality of information in the environment. In particular, I show that strong social responses are expected by individuals that are habituated to noisy, uncertain environments where private information about the world is relatively weak. Furthermore, by investigating heterogeneous group structures, I demonstrate a potential influence of cryptic minority subgroups that may illuminate the empirical link between personality and leadership.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document