Mitochondrial Respiration of Platelets: Comparison of Isolation Methods

Multiple non-aggregatory functions of human platelets (PLT) are widely acknowledged, yet their functional examination is limited mainly due to a lack of standardized isolation and analytic methods. Platelet apheresis (PA) is an established clinical method for PLT isolation aiming at the treatment of bleeding diathesis in severe thrombocytopenia. On the other hand, density gradient centrifugation (DC) is an isolation method applied in research for the analysis of the mitochondrial metabolic profile of oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) in PLT obtained from small samples of human blood. We studied PLT obtained from 29 healthy donors by high-resolution respirometry for comparison of PA and DC isolates. ROUTINE respiration and electron transfer capacity of living PLT isolated by PA were significantly higher than in the DC group, whereas plasma membrane permeabilization resulted in a 57% decrease of succinate oxidation in PA compared to DC. These differences were eliminated after washing the PA platelets with phosphate buffer containing 10 mmol·L−1 ethylene glycol-bis (2-aminoethyl ether)-N,N,N′,N′-tetra-acetic acid, suggesting that several components, particularly Ca2+ and fuel substrates, were carried over into the respiratory assay from the serum in PA. A simple washing step was sufficient to enable functional mitochondrial analysis in subsamples obtained from PA. The combination of the standard clinical PA isolation procedure with PLT quality control and routine mitochondrial OXPHOS diagnostics meets an acute clinical demand in biomedical research of patients suffering from thrombocytopenia and metabolic diseases.

A DIFFERENTIATED APPROACH TO THE DIAGNOSIS OF OCCLUSIVE DISORDERS AT THE STAGES OF FUNCTIONAL EXAMINATION OF THE CHEWING APPARATUS

Occlusion is a harmonious interaction of the dental system in dynamics, ending with the contact of teeth in conditions of their normal or disturbed ratio. This is a complex action involving teeth, masticatory muscles, TMJ. Occlusive disorders are a reflection of the external manifestations of pathological processes of the dental system. There is no doubt that in the search for etiological factors of occlusion disorders, the problem will manifest itself in one of the parts of the chewing system. The aim of the study was to optimize the early diagnosis of occlusive disorders in young patients without violating the integrity of the dentition. Materials and methods. The study included 36 patients without a violation of the integrity of the dentition aged 18 to 25 years (15 men, 21 women), who did not complain of pain in the dental system. A comprehensive dental examination was carried out and an individual "questionnaire and patient's health card" was filled out. Computer analysis with the T-Scan III occlusiography system of the company Tekscan (USA) was used to register the nature of the closing of the dentition, the study of diagnostic models in the PROTAR evo 7 KAVO articulator, as well as the study of the registration of the difference in the biopotentials of the masticatory and temporal muscles proper in patients in the phase of relative physiological rest and with maximum jaw compression using a four-channel electromyograph Synapsis NMF Neurotech (Russia). The results showed that the prevalence of occlusive disorders in the study group is 83.3%. The abnormal position of the teeth in the dentition in combination with malocclusion anomalies, non-physiological relief of the occlusal surfaces of the teeth formed due to various factors which cause the appearance of premature contacts. This prevents the harmonious sliding movements of the lower jaw and is accompanied by articulatory changes in the entire chewing system.

Impact of isometric exercising as to development of physical characteristics typical of dorsopathy patients at incomplete remission stage

BACKGROUND: The positive impact of isometric exercising, which makes muscle strength indicators grow, has been known for a long time. However, very few studies have been devoted so far to the examination and assessment of the effect in terms of their application for practical healthcare purposes. AIM: It is aimed to assess how a therapeutic isometric exercising impacts the dynamics of basic physical conditions of abdominal and back muscle groups as well as the decrease in pain syndrome severity, which Lumbar spine dorsopathy patients have during an incomplete remission state after the treatment is over and in a remote period (in six-month period). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The retrospective analysis of data based on clinical and functional examination methods and treatment results was conducted involving 72 patients aged 2550 years old with the confirmed dorsopahy diagnosis. The data were acquired with the use of FSSD profile and tension dynamometry Back-Check Dr. Wolff (Physiomed Elektromedizin AG, Germany). The visual analogue scale (VAS) was applied to determine the pain syndrome intensity. RESULTS: Further analysis of the acquired results showed the increased rate of the BPC indicators of strength (p 0.05) and endurance to static and dynamic loads produced with the key posture-dependent muscle groups (p 0.05) as well as decreased intensity of the pain syndrome the dorsopathy patients had (p 0.05). CONCLUSION: Isometric exercising helps to lower the pain syndrome intensity assessed as per the VAS (p 0.05), increase the muscle strength and the core endurance towards static and dynamic loads.

Prevention of accommodation disorders and myopia in children

Background. An important role in the structure of ophthalmic pathology is played by myopia, especially rapidly progressing in adolescence, and accommodation disorders, which are, in fact, the precursors and companions of myopia. The purpose was to prevent accommodation disorders and mild myopia in children of different age groups by using dietary supplements Doppelherz® Kinder Eye vitamins with lutein and Doppelherz® Kinder Glycine. Materials and methods. One hundred and three children of diffe-rent age groups underwent functional examination against the background of treatment: group I — primary school age, prepubertal period (6–11 years) — 24 children, group II — middle school age, pubertal period (12–18 years) — 79 children, 24 of them had problems of the neck and collar zone associated with computer load. Standard examination methods were used. Results. After the course of the proposed therapy, the Haidinger’s phenomenon decreased to 5.70 ± 0.01 conventional units (p < 0.05) in the first group; up to 4.60 ± 0.03 conventional units in 55 children of the second group without problems in the neck and collar zone and up to 5.40 ± 0.02 conventional units in 24 children who had such problems (p < 0.02). Conclusions. Using Doppelherz® Kinder Eye vitamins with lutein and Doppelherz® Kinder Glycine improves the functioning of the ciliary muscle. Under the influence of treatment, visual acuity and accommodation reserves increased, and the power of optical correction decreased. The positive influence of Doppelherz® Kinder Eye vitamins with lutein and Doppelherz® Kinder Glycine on the increase in the functional activity of the fovea-afferent system and the accommodative function of the visual analyzer in spasm of accommodation and mild myopia has been proven.

POST COVID-19 SYNDROME IN PERSONS WORKING IN UNFAVORABLE WORKING CONDITIONS

After suffering COVID-19, long-term multisystem symptoms often develop without signs of organ damage or dysfunction. The authors carried out a clinical and functional examination of persons (48 people) who underwent COVID-19 and who work in unfavorable occupational and industrial conditions. The results of the work showed that post-viral fatigue syndrome in unfavorable working conditions is accompanied by an increase in respiratory disorders, decreased exercise tolerance, neuromuscular disorders, arthralgias, hypersensitive reactions to industrial aerosols and biologically active substances (BAS). Post-COVID asthenic syndrome contributed to the termination of work in 3 patients. In order to prevent the loss of able-bodied personnel, it was proposed to revise the terms of outpatient treatment of post-COVID patients with subsequent medical rehabilitation of persons of "risk occupations".

Insufficiency of the anal sphinter in women

Aim. To analyze and assess the clinical course and changes under instrumental-functional examination (MRI) in the muscles of the obturator apparatus of the rectum in women with anal sphincter insufficiency (ASI).Material and methods. Clinical and instrumental research methods, as well as modern scales for assessing ASI (Wexner score scale), were used in the current study.Results and discussion. The study showed that 110 out of 228 patients with anal sphincter deficiency showed only an organic form of ASI, and 118 (51.8%) had a mixed form (organic and functional). This study shows that the degree of postpartum perineal rupture depends on the factors producing the damage to the pelvic floor muscles.Conclusion. Analysis of the clinical course of ASI in women showed that gender-related factors in 51.8% of cases contributed to the development of a mixed form of the disease. Functional research methods showed that along with the external and internal sphincters of the rectum, the pubo-rectal muscle is damaged in patients with ASI, which should be taken into account when choosing a treatment strategy for the mixed form of ASI.

Development and evaluation of the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface

Relevance. In the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface, in order to achieve high efficiency in the shortest possible time, it is necessary for the therapy to be comprehensive. Today, in addition to traditional treatment methods, new technologies based on the use of low-energy lasers, which have high biological activity, are spreading. Aim. To improve the treatment results of the inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface by implementing photodynamic therapy (PDT) in experiment and clinic, using domestic equipment and elaborating optimal energetic parameters of laser irradiation. Methods. Objects of research: 130 nonlinear sexually mature rats weighing 150 grams contained in standard vivarium conditions and 110 eyes of patients with inflammatory eye diseases. Carrying out the investigation, experiments on animals, clinical and functional examination results of patients, and statistical analysis were taken into consideration. Results. A methodology for complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface was developed (with inclusion of PDT by the laser therapy device Vostok), based on experimental data and confirmed by clinical and functional ocular indices. PDT helps to increase the effectiveness of treatment, which is manifested by accelerated tissue regeneration, restoration of corneal transparency, increase of visual function in 86.7%, and reduction of treatment terms to 6 days. Conclusions. Anti-inflammatory and regenerative effectiveness of the proposed complex treatment of inflammatory diseases of the ocular surface with the PDT use was established: improvement in the clinical picture of conjunctivitis and keratitis was revealed, manifested by increase in corneal epithelization.

Neuropathy of the peroneal nerve as a complication after total knee arthroplasty: characteristics of rehabilitation

Knee arthroplasty is recognized as the gold standard in the treatment of stage IIIIV degenerative diseases and the consequences of traumatic injuries. The number of surgeries is growing, and the number of complications after considered interventions is growing as well. Frequency of peripheral nerve neuropathies is not high, but damage to the peroneal nerve after total arthroplasty of the knee joint can lead to severe dysfunction of the lower limb, decrease in daily activity and the patients quality of life. The article analyzes the treatment results of 254 patients after primary and secondary knee arthroplasty. Signs of damage to the peroneal nerve upon admission to the second stage of rehabilitation were identified in 3.9% of cases. The clinical and functional examination performed in dynamics showed that the presence of neuropathy of the peroneal nerve aggravated the severity of the existing functional disorders in patients after knee arthroplasty. It has been established that complex intensive rehabilitation treatment, which should begin immediately after the diagnosis is made and be carried out intermittently for at least six months, restore the function of the affected nerve in 75% of cases.

OPTIMIZATION OF ORTHOPEDIC TREATMENT OF PATIENTS WITH DEFECTS OF HARD TISSUES OF DENTS AND DENTAL SERIES USING DIGITAL FUNCTIONAL METHODS

Subject. The current level of development of dentistry requires the use of an algorithm for diagnosis, monitoring and quality control of orthopedic treatment of patients using functional research methods, planning and manufacturing of dental prosthesis designs based on digital technologies. The goal is to develop an algorithm for orthopedic treatment of patients with defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions using digital functional examination methods. Methodology. Clinical data are based on the results of orthopedic treatment of two groups of patients with defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions. The main group consisted of 129 people, whose diagnostic and treatment complex had an extended instrumental clinical and functional analysis of static and dynamic ratios of teeth and jaws, and orthopedic treatment was carried out according to an improved CAD/CAM protocol. Comparison group ― 147 people, comprehensive dental diagnostics and prosthetic treatment carried out using the standard CAD/CAM technique. Results. Using in-depth functional diagnostics of the dento-jaw system based on digital technologies, a comprehensive assessment of the status of the dental status of the examined patients is given, an algorithm for their comprehensive diagnosis and treatment is developed, indications for their prosthetics in the usual occlusion or in the central ratio of the jaws are specified. The production of fixed anatomical structures of dentures has been optimized by improving the methodology for modeling their masticatory surfaces using the Hint-Els CAD/CAM system. Conclusions. Analysis of the examination results and monitoring of the stages of orthopedic treatment of patients testifies to the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and advanced CAD/CAM technology. The developed indications for the replacement of defects in the hard tissues of teeth and dentitions are determined as the result of many years of research that can achieve practical results ― increasing the effectiveness of their treatment using digital functional diagnostic methods and orthopedic treatment.

Formation of personality character accentuations in modern conditions of the increased electromagnetic radiation of radiofrequency range

Psychological research was conducted according to the method of Shmishek on 204 volunteers — 1st year students of the State University of Telecommunications, who belonged to the 1—2st group of health. We studied the number of accentuations of the character of a person depen-ding on the exposure time of electromagnetic radiation in the radiofrequency range (EMF RF-range) from computers or mobile phones (smartphones and other gadgets). A statistically significant increase of 45 % was shown in the number of character accentuations from 3 to 6, with an exposure time of 9 to 15 years of EMF RF-range from mobile phones and smartphones. At the same time, the number of people who had up to 2 manifestations of cha-racter accentuations — had an advantage in the group of students with a lower exposure to EMR RF-range from mobile phones and smartphones for 5—8 years. Also, with the help of questionnaires and functional examination of students, when performing orthostatic tests, a positive correlation was found between the formation of vagotonic reactions of the cardiovascular system and the term of exposure to EMF RF-range in years. The prevailing of radiofrequencys from mobile phones was determined in the formation of increased functioning of the parasympathetic nervous system in the examined group of young people (at r xy = +0,962) was determined. Perhaps this correlation also has a pathogenetic significance: with the local form and prolonged exposure to EMR RF-range from mobile phones, they can not only stimulate the vagus nuclei of the medulla oblongata or increase the permeability of the blood-brain barrier, but also change mental processes. Key words: electromagnetic waves of the radiofrequency range, autonomic disorders, character accentuations