Review of Research on Storage Development

The development of computer external storage has undergone the continuous change of perforated cassettes, tapes, floppy disks, hard disks, optical disks and flash disks. Internal memory has gone through the development of drum storage, Williams tube, mercury delay line, and magnetic core storage, until the emergence of semiconductor memory. Later RAM and ROM were born. RAM was divided into DRAM and SRAM. Due to its structure and cost advantages, DRAM has gradually developed into the widely used DDR series. At the same time, the low-power LPDDR series has also been advancing. At present, with the development of NVRAM technology, non-volatile random access memory with both internal and external storage functions is born. Dual-space storage based on NVRAM combines internal and external storage into one, and large capacity dual-space storage has become the development trend of storage.

Fast occlusion-based point cloud exploration

Large-scale unstructured point cloud scenes can be quickly visualized without prior reconstruction by utilizing levels-of-detail structures to load an appropriate subset from out-of-core storage for rendering the current view. However, as soon as we need structures within the point cloud, e.g., for interactions between objects, the construction of state-of-the-art data structures requires O(NlogN) time for N points, which is not feasible in real time for millions of points that are possibly updated in each frame. Therefore, we propose to use a surface representation structure which trades off the (here negligible) disadvantage of single-frame use for both output-dominated and near-linear construction time in practice, exploiting the inherent 2D property of sampled surfaces in 3D. This structure tightly encompasses the assumed surface of unstructured points in a set of bounding depth intervals for each cell of a discrete 2D grid. The sorted depth samples in the structure permit fast surface queries, and on top of that an occlusion graph for the scene comes almost for free. This graph enables novel real-time user operations such as revealing partially occluded objects, or scrolling through layers of occluding objects, e.g., walls in a building. As an example application we showcase a 3D scene exploration framework that enables fast, more sophisticated interactions with point clouds rendered in real time.

Theoretical and Experimental Analysis for Cleaning Ice Cores from EstisolTM 140 Drill Liquid

To reconstruct climate history of the past 1.5 Million years, the project: Beyond EPICA Oldest Ice (BEOI) will drill about 2700 m of ice core in East Antarctica (2021–2025). As drilling fluid, an aliphatic ester fluid, EstisolTM 140, will be used. Newly drilled ice cores will be retrieved from the drill soaked in fluid, and this fluid should be removed from the cores. Most of it will be vacuum-cleaned off in a Fluid Extraction Device and wiped off with paper towels. Based on our experiences in Greenland deep ice coring, most of the residual fluid can be removed by storing the cores openly on shelves in a ventilated room. After a week of “drying”, the cores have a dry feel, handling them do not give “wet” gloves and they can easily be marked with lead pencils. This paper presents a theoretical investigation and some simple testing on the “drying” process. The rates of sublimation of ice and evaporation of fluid have been calculated at different temperatures. The calculations show that sublimation of the ice core should not occur, and that evaporation of fluid should be almost negligible. Our test results support these calculations, but also revealed significant fluid run-off and dripping, resulting in the removal of most of the fluid in a couple of days, independent of temperature and ventilation conditions. Finally, we discuss crucial factors that ensure optimal long-term ice core preservation in storage, such as temperature stability, defrosting cycles of freezers and open core storage versus storage of cores in insulated crates.

Design of Dynamic Random Access Memory Refresh Circuit Based on Temperature

This paper proposed a temperature adaptive refresh circuit for traditional memory with fixed refresh frequency, high refresh power consumption at low temperature and low refresh frequency at high temperature. The 2T core storage unit combining with the existing CMOS process and circuit is taking as the research object, considering the characteristics of temperature rising, leakage current increasing, information holding time shortening, and the various constraints between the area, power consumption and other performance, this paper proposes to add the same redundant unit as the storage array to the storage array as the temperature monitoring circuit to realize the adaptive refresh function, and designs the core circuit. The simulation results show that the design of SMIC 0.09 um standard CMOS process fully meets the requirements of memory adaptive refresh.

The ATLAS EventIndex for LHC Run 3

The ATLAS EventIndex was designed in 2012-2013 to provide a global event catalogue and limited event-level metadata for ATLAS analysis groups and users during the LHC Run 2 (2015-2018). It provides a good and reliable service for the initial use cases (mainly event picking) and several additional ones, such as production consistency checks, duplicate event detection and measurements of the overlaps of trigger chains and derivation datasets. The LHC Run 3, starting in 2021, will see increased data-taking and simulation production rates, with which the current infrastructure would still cope but may be stretched to its limits by the end of Run 3. This proceeding describes the implementation of a new core storage service that will be able to provide at least the same functionality as the current one for increased data ingestion and search rates, and with increasing volumes of stored data. It is based on a set of HBase tables, with schemas derived from the current Oracle implementation, coupled to Apache Phoenix for data access; in this way we will add to the advantages of a BigData based storage system the possibility of SQL as well as NoSQL data access, allowing to re-use most of the existing code for metadata integration.

Smectite appearance in the footwall of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit, Bakony Mts., Hungary

The Úrkút manganese ore deposit (Transdanubian Range, Hungary) is one of the largest manganese accumulations to be formed during the Toarcian Oceanic Anoxic Event. In the past 60 years, the area was investigated intensively. The core storage facility of the manganese mine had more than 20,000 sample pieces. Most of these samples have never been investigated. During this study, which is the first widespread clay mineral study in the footwall of the Úrkút manganese ore deposit, we investigated 40 samples from seven boreholes (footwall rocks, black/gray shales below and above the first ore bed, and manganese carbonate ores). Although previous studies assumed that smectite is associated only with the ore beds, our research revealed its appearance in the footwall (Pliensbachian) as well. Simultaneously, tripoli (the local name of completely bleached chert) can also be found in the footwall. Based on the investigated samples, a sharp geochemical difference was detected between Pliensbachian and Toarcian sediments. In this paper, we try to trace the relationship between the smectite content of the footwall and the ore bed and compare these results with the observed geochemical changes. Based on the new data, we assume that the ore accumulation was caused by a flow system (upwelling-controlled ore formation).

Features of ultrasonic control of mechanical properties of core rocks of geological exploration wells

The article discusses the features of ultrasonic operative control of the mechanical properties of rocks of geological exploration wells. The control develops in three directions: ultrasonic logging of exploration wells, the determination of the strength and elastic properties of rocks, taking into account their geological homogeneity; comprehensive monitoring of physical and mechanical properties of cores of deep and ultra-deep wells directly on the wells or core storage facilities. To control samples with untreated ends, it was proposed to use methods and means to ensure the point contact of the sensor with the surface, which allows to accurately determine the distance traveled by the waves through the sample, and taking into account the directional patterns of ultrasonic vibrations to determine the type and speed of the wave. According to the velocities of the longitudinal, shear or surface waves and the density of rocks determine the dynamic elastic parameters. The discrepancy between the actual structure of deep rock massif and seismic data is considered. With depth, the metamorphism of rocks increases. At the considered depths, the crust of rocks has a layered structure, which is due to the alternation of igneous and sedimentary rocks differing in the degree of metamorphism.

Characterization Analysis According to Growth Temperature of Carbon Nanowall on Metal Coated Substrate for Electrode Application of Energy Storage

Secondary cells, which are the core storage media of energy storage systems (ESS), and carbon nanowalls (CNWs), which are expected to improve the performance of supercapacitors while being used as their electrodes, were investigated in this study. CNWs were directly grown on the substrate, and the substrate was a Si wafer with a nickel layer deposited on top of it. The nickel layer was deposited with the RF-magnetron sputtering method using a 4-inch Ni target. The CNWs were grown on the prepared substrate using microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD). The substrate temperature was changed from 550 to 800°C by 50°C increments to identify the growth characteristics according to the growth temperature. The surficial and cross-sectional images according to the temperature were analyzed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). It was confirmed that the density of the CNWs increased along with the temperature. Especially, it was confirmed that the density increased dramatically at 750°C or higher.