Cascaded Segmentation Network based on Double Branch Boundary Enhancement

Cervical cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer death in women. During the treatment of cervical cancer, it is necessary to make a radiation plan based on the clinical target volume (CTV) on the CT image. At present, CTV is manually sketched by physicists, which is time-consuming and laborious. With the help of deep learning model, computer can accurately draw the outline of CTV in Colleges and universities. The CDBNet proposed in this paper is a cascaded segmentation network based on double-branch boundary enhancement. First, classification network determines whether a single image contains a region of interest (ROI), and then the segmentation network uses DBNet to segment more accurately at the ROI contour. In this paper, we propose CDBNet, a cascaded segmentation network based on doublebranch boundary enhancement. First, classification network determines whether a single image contains a region of interest (ROI), and then the segmentation network uses DBNet to segment more accurately at the ROI contour. The CDBNet proposed in this paper was verified on the cervical cancer dataset provided by the Department of Radiation Oncology, West China Hospital, Sichuan Province. The average dice and 95HD of the delineation results are 86.12% and 2.51mm. At the same time, the classification accuracy rate of whether the image contains ROI can reach 93.19%, and the average Dice of the image containing ROI can reach 70%.

Planning Computer Science Instruction for Students With High-Incidence Disabilities

States increasingly are adopting computer science standards to help students develop coding and computational thinking skills. In an effort to support teachers in introducing computer science content to their students with high-incidence disabilities, a new model, computer science integration planning plus universal design for learning (CSIP+) offers ways to integrate computational thinking and coding into content area instruction. This column presents an example of how a teacher might implement the CSIP+ model when designing instruction accessible to all learners. Guiding questions to support teachers at each phase of the planning cycle are provided.

The UK-China Climate Science to Service Partnership

We present results from the first 6 years of this major UK government funded project to accelerate and enhance collaborative research and development in climate science, forge a strong strategic partnership between UK and Chinese climate scientists and demonstrate new climate services developed in partnership. The development of novel climate services is described in the context of new modelling and prediction capability, enhanced understanding of climate variability and change, and improved observational datasets. Selected highlights are presented from over three hundred peer reviewed studies generated jointly by UK and Chinese scientists within this project. We illustrate new observational datasets for Asia and enhanced capability through training workshops on the attribution of climate extremes to anthropogenic forcing. Joint studies on the dynamics and predictability of climate have identified new opportunities for skilful predictions of important aspects of Chinese climate such as East Asian Summer Monsoon rainfall. In addition, the development of improved modelling capability has led to profound changes in model computer codes and climate model configurations, with demonstrable increases in performance. We also describe the successes and difficulties in bridging the gap between fundamental climate research and the development of novel real time climate services. Participation of dozens of institutes through sub-projects in this programme, which is governed by the Met Office Hadley Centre, the China Meteorological Administration and the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, is creating an important legacy for future collaboration in climate science and services.

Training models

The article considers the problem of training organization models. It is noted that the training model reflects the approaches to the organization of the interaction between the subjects of education and training processes. Any model is a kind of ideal system that shows the real object. Any change in the system, as a result of the changes applied, leads to the emergence of a new system, unlike the previous one. For this reason, there can theoretically be a myriad of learning models; some may differ slightly from each other, some may have major differences. The training model is a systematized set of basic laws of student and teacher activity in the implementation of training. Key words: education model, learning model, developmental learning model, computer learning model, problem learning model, game learning model, project-based learning model, distance learning model

M/M/Infinity Birth-Death Processes – A Quantitative Representational Framework to Summarize and Explain Phase Singularity and Wavelet Dynamics in Atrial Fibrillation

RationaleA quantitative framework to summarize and explain the quasi-stationary population dynamics of unstable phase singularities (PS) and wavelets in human atrial fibrillation (AF) is at present lacking. Building on recent evidence showing that the formation and destruction of PS and wavelets in AF can be represented as renewal processes, we sought to establish such a quantitative framework, which could also potentially provide insight into the mechanisms of spontaneous AF termination.ObjectivesHere, we hypothesized that the observed number of PS or wavelets in AF could be governed by a common set of renewal rate constants λf (for PS or wavelet formation) and λd (PS or wavelet destruction), with steady-state population dynamics modeled as an M/M/∞ birth–death process. We further hypothesized that changes to the M/M/∞ birth–death matrix would explain spontaneous AF termination.Methods and ResultsAF was studied in in a multimodality, multispecies study in humans, animal experimental models (rats and sheep) and Ramirez-Nattel-Courtemanche model computer simulations. We demonstrated: (i) that λf and λd can be combined in a Markov M/M/∞ process to accurately model the observed average number and population distribution of PS and wavelets in all systems at different scales of mapping; and (ii) that slowing of the rate constants λf and λd is associated with slower mixing rates of the M/M/∞ birth–death matrix, providing an explanation for spontaneous AF termination.ConclusionM/M/∞ birth–death processes provide an accurate quantitative representational architecture to characterize PS and wavelet population dynamics in AF, by providing governing equations to understand the regeneration of PS and wavelets during sustained AF, as well as providing insight into the mechanism of spontaneous AF termination.

Recent Demographic History Inferred by High-Resolution Analysis of Linkage Disequilibrium

Inferring changes in effective population size (Ne) in the recent past is of special interest for conservation of endangered species and for human history research. Current methods for estimating the very recent historical Ne are unable to detect complex demographic trajectories involving multiple episodes of bottlenecks, drops, and expansions. We develop a theoretical and computational framework to infer the demographic history of a population within the past 100 generations from the observed spectrum of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of pairs of loci over a wide range of recombination rates in a sample of contemporary individuals. The cumulative contributions of all of the previous generations to the observed LD are included in our model, and a genetic algorithm is used to search for the sequence of historical Ne values that best explains the observed LD spectrum. The method can be applied from large samples to samples of fewer than ten individuals using a variety of genotyping and DNA sequencing data: haploid, diploid with phased or unphased genotypes and pseudohaploid data from low-coverage sequencing. The method was tested by computer simulation for sensitivity to genotyping errors, temporal heterogeneity of samples, population admixture, and structural division into subpopulations, showing high tolerance to deviations from the assumptions of the model. Computer simulations also show that the proposed method outperforms other leading approaches when the inference concerns recent timeframes. Analysis of data from a variety of human and animal populations gave results in agreement with previous estimations by other methods or with records of historical events.

Environmental Assessment of Applying Innovations in the Energy Sector of the Region (Based on Irkutsk Region)

The growth of energy efficiency in Russian economy is a priority for its development. The main role in this process will be played by the transition to innovative energy. The use of innovative technologies is an important factor in the development of economy and energy. In these conditions, it is necessary to develop new approaches to the substantiation of development forecasts. Irkutsk region has large reserves of energy resources. The innovative development of energy in Irkutsk region will increase the energy efficiency of economy and improve the state of the environment. The introduction of modern technological measures will reduce fuel consumption. The solution to this problem is important for Irkutsk region as an environmentally disadvantaged region. This fact determines the relevance of the study. The aim of the study is determining the degree of influence of innovative development of energy on the ecology of the region. The article shows the main directions of innovative development of the energy sector of Irkutsk region and gives their environmental assessment. Research methods are the system analysis, balance methods, statistical methods. The authors develop a method for assessing the impact of the innovative energy development on the ecological state of the region, and create model-computer tools. The results can be used by regional authorities and energy companies to forecast and manage the innovative development of energy in Irkutsk region.