scholarly journals Bacterial Contamination of Some Domestic and Laboratory Refrigerators in Port Harcourt Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-34
Author(s):  
V. N. Agi ◽  
C. P. Aleru ◽  
E. J. Uweh
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Port Harcourt ◽  
Peptone Water ◽  
Essential Connection

Background: A refrigerator is a potential source of pathogen contamination leading to food spoilage and food borne diseases. It forms an essential connection in broad chain of cross contamination which might possibly lead to the outbreaks of food borne diseases. Purpose: The aim of the study was to evaluate bacterial Contamination of Some Domestic and Laboratory Refrigerators in Port Harcourt Metropolis. Methodology: This study was done in Port Harcourt metropolis in Rivers state, Nigeria. Sterile swab sticks moistened with peptone water were used to swab the handles, bases, sides and shelves of domestic (90) and laboratory (60) refrigerators. One hundred and fifty (150) samples obtained in total were inoculated and identified using standard conventional methods of bacteria identification. Results: The results showed 100% bacterial contamination. With prevalence rates of Staphylococcus aureus(30.6%), Klebsiella pneumonia (5.3%), Vibro cholera (4.7%), Escherichia coli (4%), Salmonella typhi (3.3%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2%), Bacillus cereus (1.3%), Clostridium botulinium (1.3%), Shigellaspecies (1.3%), Listeria monocytogenes (1.3%), Proteus mirabilis (1.3%), Vibroparahaemolyticus (1.3%), Yersinia enterocolitica (1.3%) and Clostridium perfringens(0.7%). Chi square confirms that relationships exist between bacteria isolate with the batch sampled (chi square =139.239; df=54; p=0.00), Gram reaction (chi square =150.000; df=18; p=0.00) and the refrigerator type (chi square =35.325; df=18; p=0.00). However, no statistically significant association exists between isolates and positions on Refrigerator (chi square = 68.080; df=72; p=0.61). Conclusion: The outcome of this study confirms the presence of mesophilics and psychrotrophic bacteria in refrigerators, including potential foodborne pathogens which can cause serious health challenges. Hence, refrigerators are potential pathogen contamination sources. Therefore, proper hand hygiene, awareness and sensitization on maintenance of appropriate, good storage and refrigerator management is recommended for all.

scholarly journals TO STUDY THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF VARIOUS EXTRACTS OF CLAUSENA DENTATA (WILLD.) ROEM.

2019 ◽  
pp. 69-73
Author(s):  
ANNAMALAI MADURAM ◽  
RAJU KAMARAJ
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Volatile Oil ◽  
Stem Bark ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Chloroform Extract ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Objectives: The objectives of the study were to study the antibacterial activity for the various extracts of Clausena dentata against human pathogens. Clausena (Rutaceae) is a genus of about 23 species of unarmed trees and shrubs. The stem bark of C. dentata is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of wounds and sprains. Even though C. dentata has a lot of potential medical uses, the study of microbiological properties is very scarce. Methods: The plant C. dentata was collected from Kadagaman, near Tiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu, India, and authenticated by Centre for Advanced Study in Botany, University of Madras, Chennai. The dry powder of stem bark was extracted with hexane, chloroform, and methanol. The extracts were subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening and antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus and compared with ciprofloxacin. Results: Qualitative chemical tests revealed the presence of various phytochemicals such as alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrate, proteins and amino acids, phytosterols, and volatile oil. The antibacterial activity result reveals that all the extracts were are more active against V. cholerae. The activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was mild. Conclusion: The activity against V. cholerae was comparable with that of 5 μg/mL ciprofloxacin at the concentration of C. dentata 40 μg/mL. The orders of antibacterial activity against human pathogenic bacteria are hexane, methanol, and chloroform extract of C. dentata.

scholarly journals Composition and biological assays of the leaf essential oil of Asparagus flagellaris (Kunth) Bak

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oluwakayode O. Odeja ◽  
Michael Gabriel Ibok ◽  
Ejike O. Okpala
Keyword(s):  
Free Radical ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Free Radical Scavenging ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Leaf Essential Oil

Abstract Background Asparagus flagellaris leaves are ethnomedicinally used to treat syphilis, gonorrhea and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), with no reports on the volatile constituents. This study was aimed to quantitatively and qualitatively characterise the composition of essential oil, evaluates the free radical scavenging and antimicrobial capacity of the essential oil. Methods The essential oil was isolated by hydrodistillation method using all-glass Clevenger-type apparatus, while the identification and quantification of constituents were performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) technique. The antioxidant activity on 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was evaluated and the oil was also tested against 10 strains of microorganisms consisting of 6 bacteria: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and 4 fungi: Candida albicans, Penicillium notatum, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus spp. using broth dilution and surface plate methods, respectively. Results A pale yellow essential oil with a characteristic scent was obtained, with a yield of 0.80% (w/w). A total of 28 compounds accounting for 97.41% of the total oil contents were identified. The oil was predominated by Thymol and its derivatives, accounting for 57.48%. The most abundance (% area) constituents of the essential oil were 5-Thymyl tiglate (18.49%), Thymyl-2-methyl butyrate (17.34%), Thymol hydroquinone dimethyl ether (10.52%), Thymol methyl ether (9.42%) and 5-Propyl-1, 3-benzodioxole (4.59%). The essential oil showed a significant free radical scavenging activity compared to the standard antioxidant drugs used in this study, with % inhibition varying from 88.06 ± 0.0001 to 93.05 ± 0.0006. The leaf essential oil exhibited antimicrobial activity on all the tested organisms at 500–125 μg/mL, with an 18–10 mm inhibitory zone. Conclusion The leaf essential oil of A. flagellaris contains notable chemical compounds responsible for its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Safety of Blood Collected for Transfusion at University of Gondar Hospital Blood Bank, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hailegebriel Wondimu ◽  
Zelalem Addis ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Yitayal Shiferaw
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Blood Bank ◽  
Bacterial Isolation ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Transfusion associated bacterial infection has remained more frequent with a sever risk of morbidity and mortality. This study assessed the bacteriological safety of blood collected for transfusion. Method. A cross-sectional study was conducted at University of Gondar hospital blood bank from December 2011 to June 2012. Bacterial isolation, identification, and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were done as per the standard procedure. Chi-square test and P value were used to assess associations between risk factors and the bacterial isolation rate. Results. Twenty-one (15.33%) blood units were found contaminated with bacteria, and 95.24% contamination was due to external sources. The commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus, Coagulase negative Staphylococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella species, Streptococci species, Enterobacter species, and Citrobacter species. All of the bacteria isolated were 100% sensitive to Gentamicin, Chloramphenicol, Amoxicillin, and Doxycycline. Multiple antimicrobial resistances were observed in 66.7% of the isolates. Not using glove by phlebotomist, touching disinfected phlebotomy site and double puncture at the same hand or both hands of a donor were found to be risk factors for bacterial contamination. Conclusion. Bacterial contamination of blood to be transfused is a common problem in the hospital. So attention should be given to activities performed at the blood bank for safe transfusion practices.

Bioactivity of Some Natural and Semisynthetic Coumarin Derived Compounds

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 129-138
Author(s):  
Yasser Fakri Mustafa ◽  
Moath Kahtan Bashir ◽  
Mahmood Khudhayer Oglah ◽  
Raghad Riyadh Khalil ◽  
Eman Tareq Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Shigella Dysenteriae ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Cancerous Cell ◽  
Free Hydroxyl ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Diffusion Assay

A couple of natural coumarins was identified in the seeds of two apples’ cultivars commonly known as Granny Smith and Red Delicious. The effect of the phenolic hydroxyl moieties found in these products was evaluated on the bioactivity. This evaluation included the structural alteration of these moieties into less hydrophilic ones to explore the significance of the parent moieties on the biological activity. The investigated biopotentials were antioxidant, antiproliferative, antibacterial, and antifungal effects. The antioxidant potential was investigated by detecting the ability of the natural and semisynthetic coumarins to trap the free hydroxyl and DPPH radicals. The antiproliferative potential was assessed via an MTT-depended assay versus eight cancerous-cell lines, included HeLa, SK-OV-3, AR42J, MCF-7, AB12, KYSE-30, LC540, and AMN3. The antibacterial potential was tested versus six common pathogenic bacterial strains via a well-defined disc diffusion assay. These pathogens were Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Klebsiella pneumonia, Haemophilus influenzae, Shigella dysenteriae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antifungal potential was also screened by utilizing a similar microbiological technique versus three pathogenic fungi, involved Candida albicans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus niger. It is concluded that the investigated chemical moiety has a positive influence on the antioxidant and antiproliferative potentials of the natural derivatives, and a negative one on their antibacterial and antifungal potentials.

Bacteriology and Storage Life of Moisture-Enhanced Pork

2003 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
VALERIE M. BOHAYCHUK ◽  
G. GORDON GREER
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Contamination ◽  
Lemon Juice ◽  
Storage Life ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Psychrotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Injection Process ◽  
Spoilage Bacteria ◽  
The Impact ◽  
And Storage ◽  
Brine Injection

This study was undertaken to determine the impact of the moisture enhancement process on the bacterial contamination and storage life of vacuum-packaged pork loins. Bone-in and boneless pork loins injected with brine (sodium chloride, sodium phosphate, lemon juice) were obtained from a commercial processing facility and stored for 5 weeks in vacuum packaging at 2 and 5°C. At weekly intervals, samples were excised to determine numbers of spoilage bacteria and pathogens. The loins were subjectively evaluated by a sensory panel to quantify appearance and odor acceptability. Moisture-enhanced loins were initially contaminated with a population of psychrotrophic bacteria that was approximately 2 log units higher than that for noninjected boneless loins. This difference was largely due to contamination by larger numbers of pseudomonads in the brine-injected loins. There were no significant differences in the initial numbers of lactic acid bacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, or Brochothrix thermosphacta. Similar trends in spoilage bacterial populations were observed for moisture-enhanced loins with bones, but Enterobacteriaceae counts were also found to be approximately 1 log unit higher for the injected product. Brine-injected loins generally had larger bacterial numbers at each storage time, but there were no consistent injection treatment effects on bacterial growth. Brine injection did not affect color or odor deterioration, and the storage life for vacuum-packaged loins was the same as that for noninjected controls. The incidence of Listeria monocytogenes was 21% for control loins and 27% for moisture-enhanced loins. Although the brine injection process resulted in an increase in bacterial contamination, there was no evidence that this contamination would affect the storage life of vacuum-packaged loins, and further research is necessary to determine the significance of the increased incidence of L. monocytogenes.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIMIKROBA YOGURT BERBASIS AIR KELAPA MENGHAMBAT BAKTERI PATOGEN SECARA IN VITRO

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lindawati S. A. ◽  
Haniyah Y. S. ◽  
Miwada I N. S. ◽  
Inggriati N. W. T. ◽  
Hartawan M. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Total Plate Count

Yogurt merupakan minuman susu yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan bakteri asam laktat Lactobacillus bulgaricus dan Streptococcus thermophyllus sebagai starter. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui kemampuan tertinggi dari yogurt berbasis air kelapa dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri pathogen (Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Klebsiela pneumonia dan E.coli) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Keempat perlakuan tersebut: Ko: susu skim 12%+air; K1: susu skim 12%+air kelapa gading; K2: susu skim 12%+kelapa gading bulan; K3: susu skim 12%+air kelapa hijau. Peubah yang diamati adalah aktivitas antimikroba yogurt terhadap bakteri pathogen (Salmonellatyphi, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella pneumonia dan E.coli), total plate count (TPC), total bakteri asam laktat dan E,coli. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas antimikroba tertinggi diperoleh pada yogurt berbasis air kelapa bulan terhadap bakeri Salmonella typhi dan Staphylococcus masing-masing sebesar 0,21 dan 0,26 cm dengan total bakteri asam laktat1,1×107 cfu/mL sedangkan untuk Klebsiella pneumonia dan E.coli diperoleh pada yogurt berbasis air kelapa gading sebesar 0,38 dan 0,64 mm dengan total bakteri asam laktat 3,1×106 cfu/mL.Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa yogurt berbasis air kelapa gading, bulan, hijau dan tanpa air kelapa memiliki aktivitas antimikroba berspektrum luas (menghambat bakteri gram positif dan negatif).

scholarly journals BACTERIAL CONTAMINATION AND PREVALENCE OF SOME FOODBORNE PATHOGENS IN EDIBLE BOVINE OFFAL IN ASSIUT CITY

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (152) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
A.M. ABD-EL-MALEK ◽  
T. EL-KHATEIB
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Bacterial Contamination

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN FAKTOR DETERMINAN DENGAN KEJADIAN DEMAM TIFOID PADA PASIEN RAWAT INAP DI RUMAH SAKIT PERTAMINA BINTANG AMIN TAHUN 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Festy Ladyani Mustofa ◽  
Rakhmi Rafie ◽  
Bonita Megamelina
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square

Demam tifoid adalah infeksi akut pada saluran pencernaan yang disebabkan oleh Salmonella typhi. Penyakit demam tifoid sangat erat kaitannya dengan higiene perorangan dan sanitasi lingkungan rumah. Namun, terdapat faktor determinan lain yang memengaruhi seperti agen, host (usia, jenis kelamin, riwayat demam tifoid, pendidikan), dan lingkungan. Mengetahui faktor determinan yang berhubungan dengan kejadian demam tifoid pada pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit pertamina bintang amin bandar lampung tahun 2018. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey analitik dengan desain studi kasus potong silang. Teknik pengambilan sample berupa simple random sampling. Instrument penelitian berupa rekam medik. Data dianalilis dengan uj Chi-square. Menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara usia (p=0.025, OR= 2.49), jenis kelamin (p=0.026, OR=2.29), pendidikan (p=0.020, OR=2.28) dan riwayat demam tifoid sebelumnya (p=0.028, OR=3.59). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara usia, jenis kelamin, pendidikan dan riwayat demam tifoid sebelumnya dengan kejadian demam tifoid dengan p-value 0.05. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi yaitu riwayat demam tifoid.

scholarly journals Applications of Nanotechnology in Sensor-Based Detection of Foodborne Pathogens

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 1966 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Kumar ◽  
Kamil Kuča ◽  
Shashi Kant Bhatia ◽  
Kritika Saini ◽  
Ankur Kaushal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Foodborne Pathogens ◽  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Food Borne ◽  
Contaminated Food ◽  
Working Principle ◽  
Effective Use

The intake of microbial-contaminated food poses severe health issues due to the outbreaks of stern food-borne diseases. Therefore, there is a need for precise detection and identification of pathogenic microbes and toxins in food to prevent these concerns. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors with different nanomaterials and composites to improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pathogen detection. The application of nanomaterials has enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic and gold, dendrimers, graphene nanomaterials and quantum dots are predominantly used for developing biosensors with improved specificity and sensitivity of detection due to their exclusive chemical, magnetic, mechanical, optical and physical properties. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified and categorized for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in foodborne analysis. Hence, this review intends to summarize the different sensing methods used in foodborne pathogen detection, their design, working principle and advances in sensing systems.

scholarly journals Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of Heartwood of Acacia catechu of Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Joshi ◽  
Yagya Prasad Subedi ◽  
Shobha Kumari Paudel
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Extract ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diethyl Ether Extract ◽  
Pseudomonas Species ◽  
Acacia Catechu ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Antibacterial activity of different extracts of heartwood of Acacia catechu were tested against 11 species of bacteria and antifungal activity were tested against four species of fungi. Among bacteria species highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured against Pseudomonas species by diethyl ether extract, likewise among fungal organism highest zone of inhibition (ZOI) was measured against Fusarium oxysporim by ethyl acetate extract. No extracts showed activity against Salmonella typhi, Salmonella paratyphi, Escherichia coli and Proteus mirabilis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of ethyl acetate extract was evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Klebsiella pneumonia, Staphylococus aureus and Shigella species.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v27i1.6667 J. Nepal Chem. Soc., Vol. 27, 2011 94-99 

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