Generation of Human Stomach Cancer iPSC-Derived Organoids Induced by Helicobacter pylori Infection and Their Application to Gastric Cancer Research

There is considerable cellular diversity in the human stomach, which has helped to clarify cell plasticity in normal development and tumorigenesis. Thus, the stomach is an interesting model for understanding cellular plasticity and for developing prospective anticancer therapeutic agents. However, many questions remain regarding the development of cancers in vivo and in vitro in two- or three-dimensional (2D/3D) cultures, as well as the role of Helicobacter pylori (H. p.) infection. Here, we focus on the characteristics of cancer stem cells and their derived 3D organoids in culture, including the formation of stem cell niches. We define the conditions required for such organoid culture in vitro and examine the ability of such models for testing the use of anticancer agents. We also summarize the signaling cascades and the specific markers of stomach-cancer-derived organoids induced by H. p. infection, and their stem cell niches.

Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Beach Morning Glory (Ipomoea pes-caprae)

The present study aimed to evaluate the in-vitro and in-vivo antitumor potential of Ipomoea pes-caprae (I. pes-caprae). Petroleum ether (60-80oC), methanol, aqueous, and swaras extracts prepared from the whole plant of I. pes-caprae. Antioxidant activity of I. pes-caprae was evaluated by using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate (DPPH), reducing power, and hydroxyl ion scavenging assay methods. The cytotoxic effect of I. pes-caprae was evaluated by using Trypan blue and 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay against animal melanoma cancer (B16F10), human stomach cancer (Kato-III), and human colorectal cancer (HT-29) cell lines. The ultraviolet (UV), infrared (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and Mass spectra were recorded for the structure elucidation of isolated compounds. These isolated compounds of I. pes-caprae were evaluated biologically at two doses of 25 and 12.5 mg/kg body weight on male C57BL mice to explore the antitumor activity against melanoma cancer. The scavenging range (IC50) of the extracts of I. pes-caprae was found to be 63.40±2.26 to 74.77±2.28 μg/ml, and the cytotoxic range (CTC50) for MTT assay was found to be 62.54±3.27 to 73.70±1.32 μg/ml. Based on IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopic analysis and by chemical transformation, structures of three compounds A, B, and C were elucidated as 3’-methoxy-3,4’,5,7-tetrahydroxy flavone, 3,7-dimethoxy-8-methyl-4’,5-dihydroxy flavone, and 3’-methoxy-4’,5,7-trihydroxy flavone-3-glucoside, respectively. All isolated compounds were shown antitumor potential against melanoma cancer.

Potentially Bioaccessible Phenolics from Mung Bean and Adzuki Bean Sprouts Enriched with Probiotic—Antioxidant Properties and Effect on the Motility and Survival of AGS Human Gastric Carcinoma Cells

Gastric digests from mung (MBS) and adzuki (ABS) bean sprouts enriched with probiotic Lactobacillus plantarum 299v were tested for their antioxidant potential, as well as antiproliferative and antimotility properties, in human stomach cancer cells (AGS). The digest of ABS contained quercetin and kaempferol derivates, while kaempferol and apigenin derivates were dominant in MBS. Compared to the controls, the probiotic-rich sprouts had a higher antioxidant potential—by 13% and 9%, respectively. Adzuki bean sprouts decreased the viability of AGS already at low concentrations (25% motility inhibitions). MBS and ABS displayed dose-independent cytostatic effects. The ABS extracts decreased the proliferation of AGS more effectively than the MBS extracts—0.2‰ ABS exerted c.a. 70% of inhibitions. Moreover, the phytochemicals from the probiotic-rich sprouts considerably reduced this activity. The increased vinculin level, the apoptotic shape of cell nuclei, and the reduced cell motility and proliferation indicate that the extracts exhibited cytostatic and cytotoxic activity.

A fibronectin-coated gold nanostructure composite for electrochemical detection of effects of curcumin-carrying nanoliposomes on human stomach cancer cells

The developed fibronectin-coated electroconductive platform enables rapid, sensitive and precise assessments of the anticancer effects of various food-derived compounds with low toxicity.