Ukraine as a Society of Risk (Proof Based on the Theory of National Security)

The purpose of the article. Identify the nature of challenges, threats, dangers and risks as destructive factors of social, man-made and natural origin; to prove the priority of the category “threat” as a kind of risk in the domestic legislation on national security; to argue the thesis about Ukraine’s belonging to “risk societies”; point to the further complication of the process of producing various threats and challenges against the state and society. Scientific novelty. Based on the use of the current legal framework of Ukraine on national security, the existence of a process of continuous accumulation of risks in key areas of the state and the transformation of Ukrainian society on this basis into a “society of risk” is proved. Emphasis is placed on accelerating this process in the context of the hybrid war launched by Russia against Ukraine in 2014. Social development dictates the need for a clear verbal designation of destructive factors against the interests of the majority (national interests). The terms describing their likely or real impact on society were “challenges”, “threats”, “dangers” and “risks”. The natural step of their substantive definition and meaningful filling was their implementation in the conceptual and categorical apparatus of national security theory. In a broad sense, national security is proposed to be considered a state of protection of national interests and values, both from challenges, threats and dangers, and risks. The most widely used term in Ukraine’s socio-political realities is the “threat” that is widely represented in national legislation on national security. The total number of threats in modern Ukraine is steadily increasing. According to Western analytical developments, the excessive spread of threats in basic social spheres (economic, political, social, spiritual, cultural, etc.) gives reason to qualify Ukraine as a “risk society”. The situation is complicated by the hybrid war being waged by the Russian Federation against Ukraine and other democratic countries. It is advisable to present the modern hostilities initiated by Russia as a process of continuous production of threats (risks), the total effect of which should be the destruction of the Ukrainian statehood. In such circumstances, Ukraine should accelerate the process of development (updating) and practical implementation of key strategic documents – the National Security Strategy, the Military Security Strategy, the Cyber Security Strategy, the Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy, the Strategy for the Development of the Defense Industrial Complex. But for the time being, such documents are either substantially outdated or missing at all. Conclusions. Society, based on its complex nature, built on unity and the struggle of opposites, feels the constant impact of challenges, threats and dangers (risks), which it generates. There are no unified and generally accepted interpretations of challenges, threats, dangers and risks. Each country offers its own formats of their interaction and mutual transformation. The most widely used of these are “threats” (Ukraine) and “risks” (Western countries). The total number of risks in which Ukraine is directly or indirectly involved is steadily progressing. Accordingly, modern Ukraine is a clearly defined “society of risks.” Under the pressure of numerous challenges, threats and dangers, Ukraine as a “society of risks” abandons the unambiguous (linear) formulation of threats to national security inherent in specific public spheres, and their legislative consolidation. The state provides for the preparation and periodic updating of a number of strategies (national security, military security, cybersecurity, other documents), which should contain a list of major threats that currently exist in state and social development. Key words: challenge, threat, danger, risk, national security, hybridization of threats, risk society.

Ensuring Sustainability of the Social Order as a Priority in the Field of National Security

The purpose of the article is to analyze the factors on which the stability of the social order depends and to substantiate the expediency of its priority in the sphere of national security. The scientific novelty of the article is the justification of the interrelationship between national security and the stability of the social order in the need’s context to merge society around the goals that guarantee its security. Conclusions. The study shows that the sustainability of the social order ensures the existence and security of society and social institutions. We analyzed the axiological dimension of social order and sustainability through the disclosure of the social function of value orientation. We see them as the basis for the choice of action of the elements of social systems. In this context, we emphasized justifying the importance of a conceptual framework for its sustainability that considers the socio-cultural specificities of society and the values of the indivisible. We have shown that the main reason for the danger of social order and stability leading to the disintegration of society is the disparity of traditional values. They inform society of the ideological principles, program goals, and legal norms concerning its existence and the development of the State, which are determined by the highest political leadership. This makes it advisable to study the social system in question, its hierarchical levels, and their interrelationships. Hierarchical levels (moral, legal, conceptual) are described, their interrelationship is described, and it shows the category of sustainability to reflect the qualitative and quantitative assessment of the social order as a social system. Level – the quality (conflict-free) of its internal structuring. Emphasis has been placed on the desirability of distinguishing, at the conceptual level, the social order from the conceptual and ideological, and programmatic aspects this ensures that political decisions are made at the strategic level of public administration and that the strategic objectives of society, the means, and means of achieving them in national security, are justified. It has been established that the most effective means of destroying the State is to generate the prerequisites for threatening the stability of the social order, Therefore, the priority task of the actors of public administration and administration is to develop and implement a set of measures aimed at structuring and harmonizing principles, values and objectives at and between hierarchical levels of social order. We have identified basic prerequisites for the effectiveness of these measures, including mutually agreed goals, timetables, means, and methods of implementing strategies for socio-political and socio-economic development. Key words: social order, national security, public administration, social order and stability risks, value orientations, social order levels

Analysis of the State of the Aerodrome Network of Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and Ways of its Development

The article deals and analyzed how the most appropriate loss of hostile aviation is considered, a scientific approach to the definition of the essence of the aerodrome network of the Air Forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine is considered. The scientific novelty is that the changes in the aerodrome network of the Air Force of the Armed Forces of Ukraine during the last 30 years are analyzed. The aerodrome network includes airfields, maneuver, spare, advanced, rear and false. The survivability of aviation is possible to provide “dispersed by operational airfields, civil aviation aerodromes, airfields of roads on drivers, etc. The purpose of the study is to analyze the state of the aerodrome network in Ukraine, its influence on the capacity of aircraft AF of Ukraine to complete the task of appointment. Considered how many aircraft has reached Ukraine from the Armed Forces of the USSR, and the branching of the airfield network for 1992. As of 01.01.92: the aerodrome network of military forces of the Armed Forces of Ukraine accounted for 119 aerodromes. Investigated as less, at the beginning of the ATO in 2014, in the States of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, military and military transport aircraft. This led to a decrease in the number of airfields used by the AF of Ukraine. At the time of the ATO, the number of AF of Ukraine, created on the basis of Air Force and PPA, was about 43 thousand people. As part of the Ukrainian AF of Ukraine at the beginning of 2014, there were about 160 combat aircraft and 20 military transport, which are based on 20 airfields. Considered whom when the excess aerodromes of the AF of Ukraine are transmitted with. Since the beginning of the ATO for April 2015, more than 200 units of PS equipment were restored and repaired, during 2017, another 9 airfields were repaired. The Russian military aggression AF of Ukraine used only a quarter of all military flyers in the country. At the beginning of 2018, this quantity has doubled. Conclusions. In our opinion, instead of dismantling of runways and selling aerodrome slabs, it would be more advisable to convey aerodromes that are not used by aircraft AF of Ukraine, aircrubs, commercial firms related to aviation, provided that they will be responsible for maintaining runways, strips and equipment provided. Key words: airfield, spare airfield, airfield network, air force, aviation, runway.

Analytical Capabilities of the Concept of "Competitiveness" in the Study of Public Administration Efficiency

The article analyzes various approaches to understanding the effectiveness of public administration, which are in foreign and Ukrainian scientific thought. The purpose of the article is to show that administrative efficiency is a component of the general social efficiency of public administration, so it can be studied with the help of analytical tools of competitiveness. The study found that administrative efficiency is often understood as the effectiveness of the organization and functioning of public administration. Administrative efficiency is also understood as the efficiency of management bodies and officials. The authors emphasize that the principles, criteria and factors of the study of effectiveness are very vague. This affects the objectivity of the reflection of the qualitative result of the activities of the public administration body. The scientific novelty of the study is that the authors offer new tools for the study of administrative efficiency. It competitiveness of the state. “Competitiveness” in the context of studying the effectiveness and efficiency of public administration, the subjects of public administration is not considered deeply in the Ukrainian science of public administration. Moreover, in Ukraine, the effectiveness of public administration is increasingly associated with the competencies of civil servants. The authors do not agree with this position and suggest a deeper analysis, firstly, the relationship between public administration efficiency and the country’s competitiveness and, secondly, a deeper study of the analytical capabilities of the theoretical and methodological construct “competitiveness”. Conclusions. As a result, the authors argue that the task of administrative efficiency as an indicator is to reflect an understanding of the activities of institutions, which depends on the efficiency and behavior of both public and private actors, a legal and administrative basis within which individuals, firms and governments interact. and it determines the quality of public institutions. Keywords: country competitiveness, efficiency, public administration, administration, state policy, concept.

Regulation and Standardization as Factors of Increasing the Efficiency of the Public Service System in Ukraine

Based on the study of foreign experience in improving the system of public services, the author proposes mechanisms for improving the system of public services in Ukraine. It is argued that the experience of foreign countries in the application of such mechanisms as regulation, standardization, optimization, reengineering, can be effectively applied in Ukraine. It is revealed that an important condition for effective public administration is the regulation and standardization of its main processes and results. It is argued that these mechanisms will contribute to the efficiency of the public service system in Ukraine. In this regard, the author highlighted the main goals of optimization and automation of public services. The main goals are such as eliminating redundant administrative procedures and, accordingly, the structural units that conduct them, simplifying paperwork, reducing the time of public services, setting up information and communication support for all elements of the public service system. It is shown that in Ukraine it is important to organize information communication between central executive bodies and the government, as well as between central and local authorities through official websites, online, expanding the network of public access to information about laws, regulations, reports, news through the Internet search engine on relevant sites. It was emphasized that the mechanism of transactional presence, which provides for interactive interaction between citizens and the government, needs to be improved. The author argued that foreign experience in optimizing the activities of public authorities and local governments through the introduction of modern information and communication technologies provides an example of several effective areas: electronic document management, e-government, the “single window” system. These tools are prospects for further, deeper, and more relevant research on this topic. Keywords: service, public service, public service, municipal service, administrative service, social service, regulation, standardization, reengineering.

Application of Aerospace Technologies in Environmental Safety Management of Planned Activities with the Help of Integrated Automations

The article considers the problems of application of aerospace technologies in the management of environmental safety of the planned activity with the help of integrated automated systems. The purpose of the article. The aim of the article is to determine the features of the application of aerospace technologies in the management of environmental safety of planned activities using integrated automated systems and the formation of a methodology for assessing environmental risk in the ecosystem. The scientific novelty is that the proposed methodology for assessing environmental risk in the ecosystem and provided scientific and practical recommendations for the use of space technologies for Earth observation to study the state of the environment in the management of environmental safety of planned activities Conclusions. The methodology of ecological risk assessment in the ecosystem is considered. The risk analysis scheme includes a wide range of interrelated problems and different stages: identification of risk factors, risk assessment, risk management. Recommendations for ecosystem risk assessment are provided. Features of risk management in the ecosystem are considered. The risk management strategy defined in the environmental decision-making support system may be based on the choice of the level of risk in the range from the minimum (which is considered to be quite small) to the maximum allowable. The article considers several strategies for environmental safety management: prevention of the causes of catastrophes up to the abandonment of products of hazardous industries, closure of emergency facilities; prevention of emergencies in cases where it is impossible to avert the causes of disasters (construction of protective structures, dams, the creation of an underground economy, early evacuation of the population, etc.); disaster mitigation, implementation of stabilization and compensation measures. The most suitable, from the point of view of the main goal of environmental safety management, is risk minimization, ie the implementation of the first and second strategies. However, in practice this is not always possible. A combination of all three types of strategies is most likely. Therefore, the selection of space survey materials is an important step in the classification for environmental monitoring. Procedures of thematic decoding and creation of digital maps of the area with the use of comic images are considered. When creating a digital map of ecological monitoring of regions, it is advisable to use the procedure of creating a vector layer of terrain in the ArcCatalog environment, and build a mosaic image using the software Erdas Imagine. Key words: aerospace technologies, ecological safety, ecological information, ecological problem, ecological threats, environment, process of making information ecological decisions, system of support of ecological information decisions, system of management of ecological safety, system approach, managerial decisions.