scholarly journals ROAD BITUMEN WITH A MAN-MADE MODIFIER

Neft i gaz ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3-4 (117-1118) ◽  
pp. 118-124
Author(s):  
N.K. ISHMUHAMEDOVA, ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Elemental Sulfur ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reaction System ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Weight Growth

In this work, for the development of oil bitumens, the high-tar oil of the Karazhanbas field, which is economically unprofitable for processing, is used as an additive to the tar of a mixture of oils of Martyshi + Mangystau. As a modifying and plasticizing agent, a technogenic modifier – elemental sulfur (waste from the Tengiz oil and gas processing complex) was used, and various induction moments were introduced, which are an additional source of structure formation of the oxidized feedstock. The Karazhanbas oil field, although economically unprofitable for processing, is unique in its component composition. It contains a large number of high-molecular and resinous-asphaltene components (resins 24,18% and asphaltenes 4,85%) prone toassociative interactions and structure formation. Asphaltenes, in turn, are stabilizers of molecular weight growth, and, in general, make a significant contribution to improving the technological parameters of the target product-bitumen. The mechanism of action of elemental sulfur is that when dispersed with a reaction mixture, there is an increase in the release of acid gases, such as: H2S, CO, SO2, which is explained by an increase in the rates of polycondensation and compaction reactions. This increases the rate of reaction of bitumen sulphurization in the reaction system. Over time, the intensity of gas release decreases due to a gradual decrease in the rates and further cessation of compaction and polycondensation reactions. The structure of the bitumen stabilizes. Induction moments were used as an additional object of the structure builder. The creation of the induction factors increased the amount of reactive monocularity and bicyclogermacrene hydrocarbons (as confirmed by the indicators of instrumental analysis) that accelerate the formation of high molecular compounds, which leads to increased molecular weight of oxidizable starting material, thereby improving the technological parameters of the resulting bitumen. Technogenic sulfur and induction moments in tandem have a combined effect on the physical and mechanical characteristics of the developed bitumen. Summarizing the above results of experimental work, it should be noted that by choosing the calculated amount of raw materials, additives and varying various induction moments, you can get bitumen of the BN 80/120 brand, and this makes it possible to dispose of man-made waste, which is economically and environmentally appropriate.

EVALUATION OF TECHNOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF ASPHALT CONCRETE MIXTURES FOR THE STREET-ROAD NETWORK IN URBAN AGGROMERATIONS USING ADDITIVES OF POLYETHYLENE WITH LOW MOLECULAR WEIGHT

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Александр Борисович Соломенцев ◽  
Моиз Режист ◽  
Швендески Маселюс Жозеф
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Dynamic Viscosity ◽  
Asphalt Concrete ◽  
Road Network ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Polymer Additives ◽  
Polymer Additive ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Concrete Mixtures

Получены значения динамической вязкости битумного вяжущего с добавками низкомолекулярного полиэтилена в температурном интервале 60…160 °С. При введении полимерных добавок в дорожный битум вязкость битума повышается. Наиболее высокие значения динамической вязкости наблюдаются у полимерной добавки Вискодор - ПВ1, это ярко выражено при расходе 4 % добавки от массы битума и при температурах ниже 130°С. Добавка неокисленного низкомолекулярного полиэтилена Honeyvell Titan 7205 увеличивает вязкость в большей степени, чем добавка окисленного полиэтилена Honeyvell Titan 7686. Определены допустимые технологические температуры асфальтобетонных смесей с полимерными добавками на этапах структурообразования асфальтобетона. We obtained the values of the dynamic viscosity of bitumen binder with additives of polyethylene with low molecular weight in the temperature range of 60…160 °C. When polymer additives are introduced into road bitumen, the viscosity of bitumen increases. The highest values of dynamic viscosity are observed for the polymer additive Viskodor - PV1, this is clearly pronounced at the consumption of 4 % of the additive based on the mass of bitumen and at temperatures below 130 °С. The additive of unoxidized low molecular weight polyethylene Honeyvell Titan 7205 increases the viscosity to a greater extent than the additive of oxidized polyethylene Honeyvell Titan 7686. We determined as well the permissible technological temperatures of asphalt concrete mixtures with polymer additives at the stages of structure formation of asphalt concrete.

scholarly journals Qualimetrical model of polymalt extracts assessment for optimization of technological parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 81
Author(s):  
Marina Mikulinich ◽  
Polina Mikulinich
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Computer Design ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Grain Crops ◽  
Local Selection

In recent years the use of natural ingredients by production of foodstuff becomes evident. Perspective ingredient of multiple purpose for the food industry is polymalt extract which isn't produced by the industry of Republic of Belarus, technological aspects of its receiving from grain crops of local selection aren't researched. Researches of a share coarse grain raw materials influence on quality of liquid polymalt extracts from three-component composition on the basis of barley and of malted bare-grained oats with addition of wheat are presented in the article. It is noted that the share of grain crops significantly influences on quality indicators of polymalt liquid extracts, in particular on indicators of nutrition and biological value. The possibility of application of qualimetrical model for optimization of technological parameters when receiving polymalt extracts with the set properties is established. Optimization of technological parameters was carried out by computer design by means of a complex indicator. The hierarchical model is developed for assessment of a complex indicator of extracts on levels. The selection of 6 inter- and 27 intra-group indicators of quality for receiving a complex indicator of quality taking into account of consumer properties and technological features of production of extract is grounded. As a result evaluation criteria are defined, single and complex indicators of quality with use of weight coefficients for each composition are calculated. The additive model of multiplicative type of complex assessment allowing to establish optimum shares of malted raw materials for a polymalt wort in composition barley-wheat-bare-grained oats is developed (30:60:10%; 25:50:25%; 30:40:30%; 25:25:50%) and to receive extract with the maximum content of vitamins, mineral substances and essential amino acids. Practical applicationsThe conducted complex researches allow to recommend the received scientific results for design of new products as components of healthy food in nonalcoholic and confectionery industry and also can be used in educational process to train highly qualified specialists.

scholarly journals HETEROGENEO-CATALYTIC SYNTHESIS OF VINYL CHLORIDE AND CHLOROPRENE FROM ACETYLENE

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (443) ◽  
pp. 6-13
Author(s):  
Akmalaiuly K., ◽  
◽  
Fayzullayev N., ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Chloride ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Catalyst Concentration ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Successful Development ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Process Productivity

For the catalytic hydro chlorination of acetylene in the vapor phase based on local raw materials for the Zola-gel technology, we selected an active and high-performance catalyst (ZnCl2)x*(FeCl3)y*(CuCl2)z and also under the influence of various factors (partial pressure, temperature, ratio of reagent properties, contact time, catalyst concentration) the yield and reaction rate were studied with the participation of the selected catalyst. Based on the results obtained, a kinetic equation was proposed that satisfies the reaction, its adequacy is estimated, and a scheme of the reaction mechanism and the basis on the kinetic model are proposed. Because of studying the influence of the mass transfer coefficient on the process productivity and the influence of other factors, the technological parameters of the catalytic flocculants of vinyl chloride and the chloroprene extraction reactor of acetylene were calculated and the main indicators of the compatibility of technological capabilities of environmental and economic factors were substantiated. The successful development of the production of VC from ethylene was associated with the search for a cheaper hydrocarbon feed than acetylene. Analysis of the structure of the cost price of VC obtained by various methods shows that the acetylene method gives the highest cost, with acetylene accounting for about 90%. However, the world hydrocarbon price environment is constantly changing. In the future, it is possible to increase prices for oil and gas raw materials, the convergence of prices for acetylene and ethylene, and the latter may lose its main advantage in this regard.

scholarly journals Implementation of a differentiated approach to the use of microwaves processing in the production of gelatin jellies

2021 ◽  
Vol 258 ◽  
pp. 12014
Author(s):  
Ruslan Ikramov ◽  
Liudmila Nilova ◽  
Svetlana Malyutenkova
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Microwave Processing ◽  
Quality Characteristics ◽  
Microwave Oven ◽  
Formation Time ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Microwave Technology

The market for jelly products based on natural raw materials is promising and is constantly expanding. For the production of gelatin jellies based on extracts from berry press residues, microwave technology was used, which made it possible to exclude the operation of swelling of gelatin for renaturation of proteins. The differentiated approach to the use of microwaves in the production of gelatin jellies influenced the technological parameters (time of heating the recipe mixture in a microwave oven; time of formation of the gelatin jellies structure upon cooling) and quality characteristics (plasticity, antioxidant activity). The absence of the gelatin swelling operation increased the microwave processing by 30-50% and the gelatin jellies structure formation time increased by 20-30%, depending on the volume of the recipe mixture for processing and the weight of the finished product. Microwave processing increased the plasticity and antioxidant activity of gelatin jellies, which depended on the type of berry press residues used for extracts. The higher the antioxidant activity values (DPPH & FRAP) of gelatin jellies were, the more their deformation values decreased. Gelatin jellies based on extract from blueberry press residues had the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest deformation values, while retaining their shape.

A possibility of using nickel concentrate, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-containing raw materials, at steel alloying

2020 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 709-715
Author(s):  
O. Yu. Kichigina
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Nickel Iron ◽  
Nickel Recovery ◽  
Nickel Concentrate ◽  
Steel Alloying ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Comprehensive Processing

At production of stainless steel expensive alloying elements, containing nickel, are used. To decrease the steel cost, substitution of nickel during steel alloying process by its oxides is an actual task. Results of analysis of thermodynamic and experimental studies of nickel reducing from its oxide presented, as well as methods of nickel oxide obtaining at manganese bearing complex raw materials enrichment and practice of its application during steel alloying. Technology of comprehensive processing of complex manganese-containing raw materials considered, including leaching and selective extraction out of the solution valuable components: manganese, nickel, iron, cobalt and copper. Based on theoretical and experiment studies, a possibility of substitution of metal nickel by concentrates, obtained as a result of hydrometallurgical enrichment, was confirmed. Optimal technological parameters, ensuring high degree of nickel recovery out of the initial raw materials were determined. It was established, that for direct steel alloying it is reasonable to add into the charge pellets, consisting of nickel concentrate and coke fines, that enables to reach the through nickel recovery at a level of 90%. The proposed method of alloying steel by nickel gives a possibility to decrease considerably steel cost at the expense of application of nickel concentrate, obtained out of tails of hydrometallurgical enrichment of manganese-bearing raw materials, which is much cheaper comparing with the metal nickel.

Comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-53
Author(s):  
Tatyana Shcheglova
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Component Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L ◽  
Medical University

The article presents results of the study of a comparative analysis of essential oil obtained from fresh and dried leaves of medicinal sage (Salvia officinalis L.), growing in the Botanical Garden of the First Moscow State Medical University named after Sechenov. The studies were carried out using gas chromatography– mass spectrometry. Qualitative and quantitative difference in the component composition of the essential oil obtained from fresh and dried raw materials was determined as a result of the study.

Ghana's petroleum industry: expectations, frustrations and anger in coastal communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-424
Author(s):  
Jesse Salah Ovadia ◽  
Jasper Abembia Ayelazuno ◽  
James Van Alstine
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Local Development ◽  
Petroleum Industry ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Oil Field ◽  
Oil And Gas Production ◽  
High Expectations ◽  
Petroleum Resources ◽  
Negative Impacts

ABSTRACTWith much fanfare, Ghana's Jubilee Oil Field was discovered in 2007 and began producing oil in 2010. In the six coastal districts nearest the offshore fields, expectations of oil-backed development have been raised. However, there is growing concern over what locals perceive to be negative impacts of oil and gas production. Based on field research conducted in 2010 and 2015 in the same communities in each district, this paper presents a longitudinal study of the impacts (real and perceived) of oil and gas production in Ghana. With few identifiable benefits beyond corporate social responsibility projects often disconnected from local development priorities, communities are growing angrier at their loss of livelihoods, increased social ills and dispossession from land and ocean. Assuming that others must be benefiting from the petroleum resources being extracted near their communities, there is growing frustration. High expectations, real and perceived grievances, and increasing social fragmentation threaten to lead to conflict and underdevelopment.

Complex Protection of Pipelines Using Silicate Materials Based on Local Raw Materials of the Far East

2019 ◽  
Vol 945 ◽  
pp. 46-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena A. Yatsenko ◽  
B.M. Goltsman ◽  
A.V. Ryabova
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
External Surface ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Foam Glass ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Inner Surface ◽  
Oil And Gas Pipelines ◽  
The Russian Far East

Modern trends in the development of the oil and gas infrastructure of the Russian Far East are considered. The main threats in the operation of oil and gas pipelines are described. The technology of complex protection of pipeline surfaces is proposed. Protection of the inner surface is achieved through the use of silicate enamel coatings, protection of the external surface – through the use of foam glass. On the basis of local silicate raw materials the technology of the described materials is developed, and their main properties are determined. Recommendations on the application of the developed technology for the protection of pipelines are given.

Preparation of n-Alkylacrylate and Vinyl Acetate Copolymer and Its Influence on Low-Temperature Fluidity of Diesel Fuel

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 708-714 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong An ◽  
Shu Gang Gao ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Yan Xin Xie
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Diesel Fuel ◽  
Mass Fraction ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cold Filter Plugging Point ◽  
Point Depressant ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Acetate Copolymer

The n-tetradecylacrylate-vinyl acetate copolymer (PPV) was prepared from n-tetradecylacrylate and vinyl acetate. The PPV was employed as pour point depressant to improve the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. The result indicated that the solidification (SP) and the cold filter plugging point (CFPP) were affected largely by PPV. And when mass fraction of PPV -14(copolymerization conditions: 80 °C,w（benzoyl peroxide）1％（total weight of raw materials）, n（vinyl acetate）∶n（n- tetradecanolacrylate） = 4∶1 ) in diesel fuel was 0.1%wt, the SP reduced by 15.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 6.0 °C simultaneously; We analysise the different molecular weight of PPV-14, and discover that the molecular weight of PPV-14 is ralated to the the low-temperature fluidity of the -20# diesel from Daqing Petrochemical Company. When mass fraction of PPV -14(molecular weight is 15000, distribution coefficient is 3.11) in diesel fuel was 0.1% wt, the SP reduced by 18.0 °C, the CFPP reduced by 7.0 °C, simultaneously.

Main directions of searching for hydrocarbons in Nadym-Pursk oil and gas region

2021 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Y. I. Gladysheva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Sedimentary Basins ◽  
Seismic Exploration ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Field Development ◽  
The North ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
Hydrocarbon Deposits

Nadym-Pursk oil and gas region has been one of the main areas for the production of hydrocarbon raw materials since the sixties of the last century. A significant part of hydrocarbon deposits is at the final stage of field development. An increase in gas and oil production is possible subject to the discovery of new fields. The search for new hydrocarbon deposits must be carried out taking into account an integrated research approach, primarily the interpretation of seismic exploration, the creation of geological models of sedimentary basins, the study of geodynamic processes and thermobaric parameters. Statistical analysis of geological parameters of oil and gas bearing complexes revealed that the most promising direction of search are active zones — blocks with the maximum sedimentary section and accumulation rate. In these zones abnormal reservoir pressures and high reservoir temperatures are recorded. The Cretaceous oil and gas megacomplex is one of the main prospecting targets. New discovery of hydrocarbon deposits are associated with both additional exploration of old fields and the search for new prospects on the shelf of the north. An important area of geological exploration is the productive layer of the Lower-Berezovskaya subformation, in which gas deposits were discovered in unconventional reservoirs.

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