Georgia Tax Policy Directions in Value Added Tax (VAT) and Expected Results of Reforms

The research aims to review the direction of Georgia's economic policy, in particular, the reforms implemented in the field of tax policy in value added tax (VAT). For this purpose, the method of comparing the legislative records, as well as the analysis of official statistical data and their generalization are used, as well as the research I conducted (the results of a survey of entrepreneurs) on several reforms in value added tax. The current result of the major reforms in this tax is an indicator of positive dynamics. This study will allow stakeholders (as well as entrepreneurs) to evaluate the effectiveness of tax policy, which is reflected in both statistical information and international rankings. The general business environment following the reforms and the regulatory norms of value added tax (VAT) in Georgia will be analyzed. This will be the basis for observing the dynamics of the positive indicators of the reforms carried out, and at the same time to take into account the influence of environmental factors during the assessment.

On the Construction of a Leading Indicator Based on News Headlines for Predicting Greek Deposit Outflows

Employing data in a monthly frequency, with a sample period spanning from 2002 to 2018, the purpose of this study is twofold. First, we construct a novel leading indicator based on news headlines drawn from Bloomberg, and second, examine whether this leading indicator able to capture agents’ sentiment affects Greek bank deposit flows’ trajectory. Employing alternative econometric methodologies, we find that this index proxies for depositors’ crisis sentiment and the higher this index becomes, the higher the depositors’ negative sentiment becomes, leading them to withdraw their bank deposits. Overall, in this work, we show that the last decade’s advances in internet technology, which permit us to have direct access to a vast amount of information such as news headlines, offers the possibility of forecasting critical measures in the economy’s banking system, such as the number of bank deposits, which are of crucial importance. Monetary poly authorities or macroprudential regulators could adapt our model to assess the resilience of a bank or the whole banking sector.

Does Foreign Direct Investment Improve Inclusive Green Growth? Empirical Evidence from China

The main aim of the study was based on whether the foreign direct investment improves inclusive green growth in case of empirical evidence from China. In order to empirically analyse the association of FDI with the green inclusive growth, the researcher of the study has used secondary quantitative data. The data has been taken from 1981-2019 from World Bank. The IGG has been computed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) which has been later used as the independent variable. The data has been considered of the last 30 years with annual frequency. The findings of the study revealed that in long-run, there is no relation between FDI and inclusive green growth. However, based on the short-run results, it can be evaluated that FDI and IGG are related. The paper still has some of the limitation because only China was used for the testing the variable.

An Analysis of the Determinants of Household Consumption Expenditure and Poverty in Indonesia

The main question of the research that is examined in the research is what the determinants of household consumption expenditure and poverty in Indonesia are. For this purpose, six key variables were selected which includes, household consumption expenditure, level of gross national income (GNI), level of population, lending interest rate, unemployment rate and also global financial crises. However, paper specifically attempted to conduct data analysis on the Indonesia; hence data of Indonesia was collected from World Bank Data centre. Data for the Indonesia was available for the period of 1990 to 2019. To determine stationarity of the data, Augmented Dickey-fuller (ADF) test was conducted. The ADF revealed that data was non-stationary and to resolve the issue of unit root, second difference of the variables resolved the issue and tests were conducted on second difference. Furthermore, instead of using the ordinary least square (OLS) regression, autoregressive distrusted lag model (ARDL) was preferred. The bound test reveals that there is long-run effect means cointegration present among the variable; hence the household consumption expenditure could be used to predict or estimate the household consumption and poverty in long-run. Meanwhile, ARDL results has suggested that there is no short-run effect of any of the regressors on the regressand household consumption expenditure and poverty.

Interdisciplinary Research in Public Management: Perspective of Economics and Sociology

At present, the study of public administration embodies the integration of social science disciplines. The main purpose of this study is to explore interdisciplinary research in public management by analyzing the theory and practices of economics and sociology. A qualitative method has been employed to obtain the objectives. This study reveals that the diversification of public administration research is a manifestation of the diversity, complexity and comprehensive development in the field of public management. Economics and sociology provide new perspectives and research methods for public administration in different aspects. With the change of the value orientation of national development, the research of public management should also be re-examined.

Assessing the Impact of Government Regulations on Microfinance Banks (MFBs) Performance

After several reforms in Nigerian banking sub-sector, the regulatory and supervisory framework policy of Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has not adequately improved performance of Microfinance banks (MFBs). In view of this, this paper assessed the impact of government regulations on MFBs performance between 2007- 2016. The paper used secondary source of data by assessing the financial statements of MFBs. A pooled Ordinary Least Square (OLS) technique was used for the analysis of data. The result showed that coefficient values of capitalization (4.64) and reserve (7.21) were positive and consistently associated with higher MFBs performance, while investment in Treasury bill (-4.30) was negative but statistically significant in driving MFBs performance at (P<0.01). The study concluded that regulatory frameworks via strong capitalization and reserves influenced and improved MFBs financial performance.

Organizational Learning: A Panacea for Workers’ Productivity in the Nigeria Transportation Sector

The transportation sector is one of the major sectors that drive any economy as it conveys man, materials, as well as goods and services from one point to another. This study was conducted to ascertain the influence of organizational learning on workers’ productivity of transport companies in Nigeria. 89 copies of the research instrument were administered, while only 86 were retrieved and analyzed, being 97% response rate. This exercise was carried out with the aid of SPSS using Spearman Rank Order Correlation. And a conclusion was drawn.

Economic Planning and Human Capital Development in Nigeria

This study provides econometrics evidence linking economic planning process to human capital development in Nigeria. The specific objectives focused on the effects of planned investments on education, healthcare delivery and community and social services on human capital development in Nigeria over the period 1990-2016. Data collected from Central Bank of Nigeria Statistical Bulletin were analyzed using Fully Modified Least Squares and Granger Causality test in addition to augmented Dickey Fuller unit root and Johansen-Juselius test. The results of the unit root tests show that only life expectancy is stationary at levels while the other variables in the model become stationary at first difference. The cointegration tests results revealed that the variables in each of the models have long run relationship. The regression result in shows that planned expenditure on education has weak significant positive impact on life expectancy. This finding aligns with the theoretical expectation as economic planning that increases budgetary allocation to the education sector is expected to increase the level human capital of the population and in turn increase their opportunities of living a long and healthy life. The results further show that public investment in the education sector generates positive outcomes on gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education in Nigeria. The Granger causality test shows that unidirectional causality runs from public expenditure on social and community services to life expectancy and from public expenditure on education to gender parity index for gross enrollment ratio in primary and secondary education. Therefore, it is recommended that policy makers should ensure that economic planning in Nigeria continues to prioritize medium and long term investments on education in addition to community and social services in order to enhance pace of human development.