XBRL

XBRL is a language that allows for the electronic communication of business information. In XBRL, tags are attached to items of information allowing that information to be exchanged and processed electronically. The architecture of XBRL facilitates more efficient electronic dissemination of information than does the traditional Web-based or PDF formats. The result is the potential for improved availability and accessibility of financial information and increased transparency. In effect, XBRL has the potential to improve electronic governance. For that potential to be realized, several challenges must be addressed. Concerns exist regarding data integrity, the costs of implementation, the training of employees, and the updating of XBRL taxonomies. Given both its potential and the limited number of studies on XBRL, more research is needed on XBRL implementation and use.

A Qualitative Study of E-Governance in Coimbatore Revenue Administration with Special Reference to “Tamil Nilam” and “Star” Projects in Tamilnadu, India

The study reveals that though the revenue earned by the projects grow every year, the awareness level of the projects remain relatively low. Findings also suggest that the land record data available in the website are obsolete, and to bring in more efficiency, the portal has to be constantly updated. Also, since there is no integration and interoperability between the revenue and registration department of the state, there is only sub-optimal utilization of the established infrastructure at present. The study recommends immediate integration of the projects to make it more effective.

Review of Open Source Software (OSS)

The popularity of Open Source Software (OSS) in developing countries is quiet evident from its widespread adoption across government departments and public sector organizations. The use of OSS saves economic resources of cash starved countries, provides an opportunity to promote e-government, and to utilize their resources in other sectors. Many developing countries have a large pool of skilled developers who can modify the source code of the OSS at a very low cost. Many governments in developing and developed countries have switched to OSS which probably encourages others to follow the trend. It was not possible to follow the adoption trend in all the developing countries but the usage of OSS in countries like India, Brazil, and Venezuela provides us an insight. The successful adoption of OSS requires thorough analysis of its advantages as well as the issues associated with it. This chapter will provide an overview of OSS, characteristics of OSS developers, and their motivation to volunteer by contributing in OSS projects, followed by the advantages and issues associated with OSS.

E-Government Service Development

E-government (EG) is an alternative channel to regular brick and mortar government office. This information and communication technology (ICT) driven delivery system offers government services to its different stakeholders in a more comprehensive, efficient, and effective way than it was through physical government office. At different stages of EG development and growth, functions, pattern, and capacities of offered services are distinctively different, and as such, association of technology is also different with these different stages. This chapter is designed to understand prime components, recognize stakeholders, and identify differentiable growth stage of EG. To fulfill this objective, this chapter is divided into four sections.

Security and Privacy Issues in E-Government

Government is a unique actor as a provider of online public services to its citizens and enterprises. The e-citizens expect that the e-government services are safe and secure, that the privacy of the e-citizen is protected. As security and privacy are primary concerns in e-government, this chapter describes the security and privacy issues faced by the government, the sources and applications of these threats, the ways of protecting security and citizens’ personal information, and the challenges in managing the security threats. The purpose of this chapter is to provide guidelines for the administrators of state-level & federal-level e-government services and IT professionals that they need for continuous improvement of e-government security and privacy.

Decimalization of Stock Exchanges

Technological innovation is propelling the move in financial markets away from fractional trading and towards decimal trading, as in the example of The New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) tick size changed from $1/16 to $0.01 on January 29, 2001. This chapter examines the impact of that trend as it relates to market quality and trading behaviour, and draws on comparisons between NYSE and NASDAQ, as well as evidence from other markets and market-traded securities, in demonstrating how decimalization leads to a decrease in the bid-ask spread and depth and an improvement in the probability of information-based trading, while having seemingly no effect on the frequency of limit orders. Our examination also demonstrates how the 1996 decimalization of the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSX, formerly TSE) has had little impact on its giant competitor, NYSE.

Electronic-Government Vision

Different countries adopt Electronic-government (EG) from different perspectives, although they align their mission to develop efficient government sectors that can satisfy citizens. However, countries develop their initiatives from different visions and attempt to achieve different ends, although their means are very similar. This chapter addresses and analyzes the strategies and objectives for EG of different countries. It also delineates subtle differences in their targets to achieve the implementation and proliferation of EG. It has three sections; the first gives the background of this case study, the second examines the EG initiatives of some selected countries, and the third discusses the summary of these initiatives.

Interoperability in E-Government

Integration and interoperability are critical issues for successful development of one-stop portal for the government. This issue involves integration of information among departments of government both vertically and horizontally. The following paper focuses on Personal Information Integration of citizens which is one of the aspects for achieving interoperability within the departments of government in India. Various challenges, benefits, and key issues of sharing personal information for one-stop portal are discussed. Potential solutions to overcome the challenges are detailed in the paper. In-depth research conducted through a set of interviews with high-ranking government officials forms the basis for the chapter.

Internet Banking and Online Trading

In the recent past, online or Internet based banking has become quite common. Banks have also realized the potential of Internet banking and have recognized that it is necessary to integrate the customers’ new lifestyle and Web based activity preferences with their business models. Most of the empirical studies have reported positive impact of Internet banking on bank performance. Adoption of Internet banking leads to cost reduction and hence likely to increase banks’ profitability. Introduction on internet banking has brought unprecedented speed in banking system and has been playing a major role in the globalization of banking system. As Internet banking makes inroads to banking business, market participants have also started to use Internet for security trading activities. Online trading has led to an upward trend in trading frequency, trading volume, and turnover ratio.

Extension of E-Government

The emergence of mobile technologies has not only revolutionalized business procedures, but it has also resulted in transformation and reengineering of public service adoption mechanisms in more traditional e-government (EG) systems. Mobile-government or m-government (MG) is a subset of EG where interactions with government services can be conducted through mobile devices. In this chapter, we identify the development of the fundamental capabilities needed to adopt and manage information and communications technologies and to successfully implement citizen-focused MG systems. To accomplish this, we address the feasibility of adopting MG and the fundamental capabilities needed by a government to establish MG.