Education and Training for Digital Health

Digital health is fast becoming an integral part of healthcare services. Research evidence suggests that digital health can benefit stakeholders involved in healthcare, including patients and care providers. As digital health continues to integrate into routine healthcare, practitioners may require new knowledge, skills, and competencies to make the best use of it and to be able to communicate with an increasingly digitally-enabled consumer. Much effort has been made to systematic education and training relating to digital health, an important aspect in developing the digital health workforce.

Capability Demands of Digital Service Innovation

This chapter explores the demands that digital service innovation places on those stakeholders who use the digital service through three lenses: workers and workplace, digital literacy, and, finally, digital education. The chapter includes an overview of digital service innovation. The impact of digital services generally is explored from the perspective of the workforce and the future of work developing an argument for the need for ongoing upskilling in the digital space. The skills required in the age of digital disruption are explored, and a definition and general understanding of what digital literacy entails is presented. Finally, the opportunities for education in digital environments are explored through three vignettes which illustrate different opportunities for upskilling and retraining. The chapter highlights adaptations required in socio-political environments, education and training, and curricula to allow digital service innovations to achieve the expected benefits.

Digital Transformation in the Hospitality Industry in an Emerging Country

Emerging technologies have an undeniably significant impact on the hospitality industry. Hotel owners and general managers face many challenges to compete in an ever-increasingly competitive market. Many hotels are quick to adopt some of the emerging technologies to maximize brand visibility, gain operational efficiencies, and enhance customer experiences. The digital transformation is well underway. Hotels need to keep up with technological changes; otherwise, they are taking risks being left behind. This chapter encompasses the digital transformation of the hospitality industry to examine the impact of it on operational competence and organizational performance in an emerging country like Taiwan. Five case studies are used in this chapter. In-depth interviews with the executives of the leading hotels in Taiwan are a source of rich information and reflect the gradual transformation of technology in the hotel industry of Taiwan.

The Clash of the Titans

The emergence of digital technologies provides organizations with affordable, easy-to-use, and easy-to-learn technologies that opens line-of-business (LOB) managers to participate in information technology-led innovations. Such participatory actions by the LOB-managers in information technology (IT) innovations at the department levels will lead the creation of new roles like the ‘chief digital marketing officer.' While the overall outlook for innovation becomes positive through such expanding contributions of the LOB-managers, such additions will ignite new challenges. Especially, such roles and approaches will contest the traditional centralized technology management approaches. This chapter provides three engagement models on how the LOB-managers and chief information officers could interact harmoniously to enhance the quality of IT innovations led by LOB-managers.

Fostering Innovation and Value Creation Through Ecosystems

Ecosystems are gaining ever-increasing importance in digital business environments. New digital business models implemented using digital platforms heavily rely on ecosystem network. Thus, it is worthwhile investigating what role ecosystems play in the process of the digital transformation of companies. This chapter provides a theoretical background of the ecosystem research concerning digital trends, such as digital transformation, digital platforms, and digital service innovation. To deeper understand how ecosystem postulates are applied in companies, case study findings from two companies operating in the service and manufacturing sector are presented. Moreover, the ecosystem role is observed in selected companies both in the process of innovation generation (value creation), as well as in the implemented digital business model (value capture).

Leadership to Advance Innovation for Digital Healthcare Transformation

Complexity theory argues for bounded instability to allow organizations to run operations at a regular speed while also allowing them to explore innovations at a faster speed in support of digital transformation. HeXie management theory uses a mix of systems engineering and holism to argue for a theme around which empowered employees can explore and couple the dividends from such explorations to the organizational vision and mission. Authors integrate these two theories and multiple leadership processes (administrative, enabling, and adaptive) around four guiding principles: alignment around theme, dynamism of employees, transitiveness of dividends, and adaptiveness to support organizational growth and capacity building. These principles are used to discuss how digital leadership has guided healthcare transformation both inside and outside a hospital in multiple use cases, thus providing insight for thought leadership in digital health.

What Business Leaders Should Know About Cloud Computing

Cloud computing represents a popular and frequent notion in media and scientific research. However, in post-transition countries, there remains a low offer of cloud computing solutions and users have not still accepted this concept besides its broad spectrum of benefits. This chapter examines the possible reasons why, despite high media attention, there are not many examples of using cloud-computing solutions by companies in post-transition countries, using Croatia as a case study. For that purpose, the survey among Croatian enterprises has been conducted regarding cloud-computing usage in business. Collected data is analyzed using knowledge discovery from databases aiming to define firms' readiness when using cloud-computing solutions. Results indicate that Croatian enterprises recognize the value of cloud computing as a software-as-a-service, but significant barriers are present in terms of slow recognition of its business value. Steps for overcoming this obstacle are proposed in the chapter.

Digital Entrepreneurship for Immigrants

This chapter examines the concept of digital entrepreneurship for immigrants (DEI) through the lens of entrepreneurship research theories and practices. The authors argue that the current focus of digital entrepreneurship (DE) research has centered on successful digital entrepreneurs with proactive innovation strategies and high-performance outcomes, largely being well-known brands. On the other hand, immigrants who are engaging in digital entrepreneurship have been neglected in current related literature. This chapter presents a conceptual framework for combined immigrant and digital entrepreneurship study. The authors propose future research themes for DEI drawing from the results and implications of two Chinese immigrant digital entrepreneurs in NZ and Alibaba e-commerce platforms in China.

Digitalisation of Mandatory Social Expenditure Targets in India

The chapter examines the impact of mandatory CSR expenditure targets of firms on financial performance in India. Extant studies have shown using event study methodology that announcement effect of compulsory CSR expenditure targets on abnormal returns of these firms is negative. Further, it is examined on how financial performances of these firms which met or exceeded the targets (Socially responsible firms) or were not able to meet the targets (socially irresponsible firms) differ. Based on the data for 1,460 firm years for the period 2015 to 2018 in the Indian context, the empirical analysis shows that their financial performance was negatively impacted because of these mandated CSR targets. Available evidence shows that CSR expenditure that spurs digitalisation and technological innovation helps the poorest and most vulnerable which enables them to lead a healthy, productive life.

Digital Government Competences for Digital Public Administration Transformation

The development of digital government leads to the digital transformation of public administration. This requires a mix of competences to design, implement, and manage digital government endeavors and the resulting transformations and to use new digital tools. However, researchers agree that digital government competences are under-studied. Moreover, the rare existing studies focus on singular aspects of digital government competences such as technical skills. Thus, this chapter proposes a synthesis of the extant literature about the digital government competences and how they are approached by researchers. The supply-side perspective and the demand-side perspective are proposed to organize the extant literature. Competences are categorized according to each perspective. An empirical investigation is needed to determine the most important competences and to propose the necessary training programs for the lacking ones.