THERAPIST’S EFFORTS IN RAISING CHILDREN’S AUTISTIC ATTENTION IN THEIR LETTER-RECOGNITION STUDIES

Autism is a pervasive disorder in children characterized by disorders and delays in cognitive, language, behavior, communication and social interactions. Autistic children in general will experience obstacles in learning, related to lack of social skills and behavior patterns that are not the same as children in general. One of the characteristics of children with autism is having a barrier in attention span, which has an impact on the learning process. Autistic children need learning methods in accordance with their characteristics, so that they can help their learning process. This research uses qualitative research methods with case study research type. The subjects of this study were parents and therapists who handled children with autism in the X therapy center in Padang city. Data collection techniques in this study were observation and interviews. This case study aims to determine the learning methods used by therapists in teaching are suitable for the subject in recognizing letters as well as obstacles and solutions in providing letter recognition teaching to children with autism. The question in this study is how to increase the attention span of children with autism in learning letter recognition and what obstacles the therapist encounters in the process of teaching letter recognition and how to solve the obstacles in the teaching process.

HAPPINESS IN THE CELEBRATION OF CHINESE NEW YEAR

Gong xi facai is a Chinese New Year greeting that is commonly spoken, heard, and written by people. Even if we don't know what it means, we guess the meaning must be good. The problem is what is the meaning of each word and the meaning of the sentence as a whole so that it can be concluded that the sentence is an expression of a joyful? Are there no other feelings? Since the sentence is considered a text, it will be examined which words express emotion, what kind of emotions they are. The goal is to express clearly what is meant by that sentence. To find out what kind of emotions it contains, Santangelo's theory (2000) will be used to detect which words express emotion and belong to which class. The data are Chinese Lunar New Year greetings written in Han characters. There is Indonesian-language data in the form of Chinese New Year pantun. Based on the analysis of the meaning components of emotions, the data are classified into several domains, such as Chinese New Year greeting, success in business, health, family, education, etc. The novelty of this research is to analyze the meaning components of emotional sentences so that emotional content can be identified precisely. This research will enrich research on emotions in the field of greetings for the Chinese New Year that has not been done much.

METAPHOR ON JAPANESE SONG LYRIC BY MIWA: A STYLISTIC STUDY

The uniqueness of literary language is full of ambiguity, having no rule, sometimes irrational, and connotative. Figurative language is not only referential that refers to certain thing but it has also expressive function that shows the author behavior. Various kinds of technique had been created by the author; he used figurative languages, imageries, and certain diction to attract the readers. Stylistic is a science that study the use of language and language style in literary work including sound, diction, sentence, discourse, figurative language, and imageries. This research aims to unveil figurative languages used in Japanese song lyric written by Miwa entitled, Kimi ni Deaeta Kara, and to observe the objective of using connotative language as expression of the author to express his ideas. This research used was stylistic theory to analyze figure of speech and its meaning. The result found that the use of metaphor to express something as the same thing or equal too another thing that is actually not the same. Metaphor gives freshness in language, animates the lifeless, keeps away the boredom because of monotone, and actualizes something. Based on the result of the analysis, the song written has a theme of love; a lot of dictions symbolize love. Figure of speech used by the author adds aesthetic value of the song lyric and the message of the author is well delivered.

RECOGNIZING GIFTED IN CHILDREN THROUGH LANGUAGE DEVELOPMENT AND CHARACTER EDUCATION AS A MEANS OF MAXIMIZING ABILITY

This study aims to describe and explain how to recognize gifted children through language development and steps to maximize abilities. This study used a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach without using statistical formulas or formulas or SPSS assistance. The data in this study were obtained from the analysis of conversation or dialogue as well as the development of the Early Dini Suryani language of the third-grade students of SDN 27 / III Lolo Kecil with their peers, interacting in class with the teacher and while in the family environment. Researchers found that early language development was different from normal children who tended to have the use of well-ordered and well-structured language. Dini also uses a variety of vocabulary that is appropriate for certain contexts. The use of intonation and facial expression in interacting was also applied by Dini in communicating. Even so, Dini has a mental disorder that is high egoistic like when she wants everything she will do even though she forces her will. To maximize early abilities character education is the right support step or method. Thus, Dini can be a gifted child with a good personality.

GENDER AND COMMUNICATION: SOME FEATURES OF WOMEN’S SPEECH

This paper deals with gender and communication in terms of different features of women’s speech based on the previous studies done by many sociolinguists. Gender refers to categories that distinguish people based on their socio-cultural behavior, including speech. In their speech, gender-men and women- use different ways to say a similar thing in communication. This paper described women’s and men’s speeches from several studies in a frame of linguistics perspectives. Some different features were compared with the women’s speeches in Minangkabau community that indicates Minangkabau politeness maxims. This paper also describes how Minangkabau culture is different from other cultures in criticizing among native speakers of Minangkabau both direct and indirect. Then, some hedges are used by women as politeness markers to minimize face-threatening acts (FTA), a concept proposed by Brown and Levinson (1987).

ROLE OF GENDER IN PAKISTANI ELT TEXTBOOKS: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS APPROACH

Language and gender relations are two ways: gender is reflected by language and language assists to shape gender. Gender is less studied in the field of textbook evaluation because it states the social standards, practices and roles that distinct females from males. Critical Discourse Studies is a persuasive framework which is applied to eval­uate gender beliefs and ideologies in textbooks. It further contains the examination of ideological manipulation, he­gemony, power relations and identity. The current study examines representation of gender in Pakistani English Language Teaching schoolbooks of 9th grade and 10th grade of Balochistan which is the largest province (area) of Pakistan. A mixed method approach is used to analyse the data. ‘Three-Dimensional Model’ by Fairclough (2015) which is based on description, interpretation, and explanation has been used as the theoretical framework of the study. Moreover, the description stage has analysed four aspects. These are included as the frequency of men and women presence, gender activity, the pictorial representations, and the societal/domestic roles related with them. At large scale, the cardinal ideologies roles of power-relations and social challenges are elucidated. The analysis of the two ELT textbooks reveals a gender inequality and supports males. Such inequality has led to the females being less powerful and more stereotyped.

UNDERSTANDING THE ROLE OF TRANSLANGUAGING IN L2 ACQUISITION: Applying Cummins’ CUP Model

The current research paper deals with the strategy of translanguaging using Jim Cummins’ Common Underlying Proficiency Model (1991). This research has made use of descriptive, explanatory designs to interpret the observations of a language class following the CUP Model (Cummins, 1991). Moreover, this research is qualitative in its approach, as it systematically answers the research questions. However, much focus has been paid to the monolingual education system in Pakistan, but the strategy of translanguaging has hardly attracted any wide range of research attention; so, the current research aims to fill up the research gap by highlighting the role of translanguaging in the acquisition of the second language. Finally, the research assignment has concluded rightly that translanguaging plays a very important role in acquiring the English language (L2) by drawing upon the learners’ ‘common underlying proficiency’ (Cummins, 1991).

BILINGUALISM IN CHILDREN’S LITERATURE ENTITLED 25 BEAUTIFUL FRIENDSHIP

Indonesia is one of the countries that has implemented a bilingual education program through English lessons since entry level. Therefore, this study aims to describe the effect of bilingual education on children’s language used. The object of research is a novel entitled 25 Beautiful Friendship by Annisa Zhahrotushama Balqis. Data description is managed by showing facts related to the influence of bilingualism (foreign language) on the language used by the author in her novel, such as giving names of titles, characters, places, food items, events and others. Based on the findings and results of the analysis above, it can be concluded that the massive teaching of foreign languages such as English into basic-level education has a significant impact on the way children convey their feelings and experiences in verbal communication.

VARIATION OF INDONESIAN ACRONYM FORMATION ON THE NEWSPAPERS IN NORTH SUMATERA

This research contributes to the development of acronym formations in Indonesian that are in accordance with the patterns of acronym formation in newspapers in North Sumatra. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the acronym formation that are obedient to the pattern of acronym formations in Indonesian and how to overcome or find solutions to the problem of non-conformity in the process of acronym formations in Indonesian. This study uses the Research And Development Method (R & D). The research procedure is descriptive in nature with the steps as follow: 1) Potentials and problems: R & D departs from the problem of inconsistencies in the acronym formations in Indonesian, this is a potential and a problem. 2) Gathering Information: researchers collect information from various dailies published in North Sumatra and hold FGDs with Indonesian lecturers and teachers. The results show that there are acronym formations that do not adhere to the principles of Indonesian. The observation conducted by the researcher shows that daily events that occur in society contribute to the birth of these kinds of acronyms. Acronyms that do not obey the principles will lead to irregular Indonesian vocabulary and do not meet the requirements of a good language. The formulations of the problems in this research are: 1. What are the forms of acronyms that do not comply with the principles of newspapers in North Sumatra. 2. How are the forms of acronyms that do not comply with the principles of Acronym Formation in Indonesian. The results of this study found that several acronym formation processes in Indonesian are not aligned with the pattern of acronym formations in Indonesian.

THE MULTILINGUAL TURN IN SLA AND THE PRAXIS OF DECOLONIAL FISSURE

Recent debates over the notion of the multilingual turn in applied linguistics in general and Second Language Acquisition (SLA) in particular clearly reflect the robustness of the notion in the fields. Yet, what is often ignored in the debate is the fact the notion itself is by nature problematic, and, as a consequence, the discussion of its realization in the fields of applied linguistics and SLA is fraught with disputes. In this article, I will first revisit the notion of the multilingual turn in order to show the contentious nature of the term, and then go on to suggest that we need to shy away from creating a division of labor between scholars from the global South and North, as has been propounded by Mendoza (2019); instead, we need to invest our efforts to ponder over more nuanced and situated actions which must be carried out by scholars from the global South to reform the above disciplines through “the praxis of decolonial fissure” (Walsh, 2018).