Understanding Neoliberalism Regimes and the Operations of Global Corporations

The present-day political and economic ideology constitutes a veritable challenge—due to its complexity—for managers in charge of global corporations, especially when it comes to crafting global strategies. Therefore, an understanding of the neoliberalism system and the circumstances which led to the global dominance of corporations are crucial. The chapter evaluates the political and economic circumstances which led to the emergence of the new world order coined as neoliberalism. That means that the external environment of current global businesses will be discussed. Also highlighted is the new world order and how this is conducive to the free operations of global corporations. The chapter ends with a critical assessment of the entire neoliberal project and the corporate governance.

Globalization and Global Code of Tourism Ethics

In the framework of the globalization of tourism, this chapter discusses the concepts of modern ethics and morality, on a critical perspective to the dominant standpoint that set the morale in the order of the rules and social conventions and leave the ethics on the field of personal experience. The critical essay postulates three fundamental theses: 1. The environmental philosophy builds a new ontology created by the critique of anthropocentrism; 2. But, only their articulation with a new epistemology, founded in the critique of ethnocentrism, could lead to a new ethics universal theory; 3. However, the applied ethics of environmental philosophy needs a new global political ethics shaped on the critique against political alienation. Consequently, the global code of ethics for tourism must be refunded on the light of environmental philosophy and takes an imperative character.

Glocalisation and Sustainable Business Solutions

This chapter presents glocalisation as a new global phenomenon in providing sustainable business solutions and preserving durability of the business environment in the tourism and hospitality industry. The chapter reveals that the ‘one strategy fits all' (universalism) deficiency of globalization brought glocalisation into the limelight as the best alternative strategic approach in sustaining global business relevance and promoting environmental sustainability in the 21st century business era. The strategic mix of globalization and localisation inherent in glocalisation promotes unprecedented economic growth and the development of developing and emerging economies through promotion of their cultural heritage and historical values. The chapter further discloses that prevalent of global warming giving rise to climate change in the tourism and hospitality industry which can be significantly controlled through strategic implementation of a glocal strategy. It is concluded that glocalisation serves a dual-purpose of providing sustainable business solutions and preserving the business environment.

The End of Tourism as We Know It

The present chapter posits an interesting discussion revolving around the term Thana Capitalism, which was originally formulated in earlier works. Originally formulated to serve as an opposite alternative against neo-pragmatism, neoliberalism toyed with the belief that the world can be united through the consumption and free trade. During 80s and 90s decades, the theory of development adopted tourism as an efficient instrument to struggle with poverty. Under the auspices of neoliberalism, modern tourism not only paved the ways for an “Kantian eternal peace,” but also conducted a much deeper process of democratization beyond the borders of Western civilization. After the recent, stock market crisis in 2008, tourism not only was placed in jeopardy by the advance of jihadist terrorism but mutated towards more morbid forms of consumption, which made from human suffering as a tantalizing criterion of attraction. Thana-Tourism, War tourism, Dark Tourism or slum tourism are indicators that the society is changing towards new horizons.

The Business Environment as a Global Village

Globalisation is thought of as the fast-growing move towards a world in which national economies are merging into an interdependent global economic system. A more business view of globalisation conceives it as a process by which industries transform themselves from multi-national to global competitive structures. ICT, transportation technologies and global institutions have played a determinant role in the phenomenon of globalisation. Various levels of integration have been established. Globalisation of companies has been identified as the micro level, whereas the interconnectedness of economies is termed as the macro level of globalisation. The merging of businesses is referred to as the meso level. Thus, all these levels must be differentiated when dealing with its issues and should be understood as different interrelated stages. If at the heart of globalisation is the interdependence and integration of the national economies into global economy, does it also mean that cultural differences for instance have been subsumed or sublated?

Creating Business Value and Competitive Advantage Through Glocalization

Glocalization is considered as one of the main contributors to value creation and development as well as for competitive advantage enhancement on a global stage. Previous studies suggest that globalization indicates the co-presence of universal and local practices. Globalization is based on the phenomenon that products or services providers have further consideration and a sense of the locality needs and wants in foreign markets instead of the assumption that parent market practices can be applied in foreign markets. The term of glocalization is a combination of globalization and localization. This chapter provides an overview supported by a range of examples of how glocalization as an organizational approach to international growth and expansion can develop a business value and create a competitive advantage.

Developing Tourism Sector With Neoliberalism Orientated Strategies in Countries With Scarce Financial Resources

This chapter explores the idea of tourism development and discusses ideologies and strategies for developing and least developing countries. The chapters explore the ideology of neoliberalism for developing the tourism as a sector. The chapter argues that in the era of a dearth of resources, and decreasing trends and rationality for state intervention, it is pertinent and significant to develop the tourism sector by following the strategies based on principles and ideals of neoliberalism. The chapter also cautions about some limitations of using neoliberalism as a model of development.

Wine and Glocal Gastronomy in Mexico

Wine as part of the cuisine continues to gain ground as one of the central elements on the table of the Mexican people, although not all tables, the culture of wine represents an opportunity for glocal development. Mexican cuisine is a delight to the senses of the human being and wine is, therefore, a means to promote the gastronomic experience through the perfect combination of food and wine. The research is presented in four dimensions, the first explores the qualities of Mexican cuisine, followed by the organoleptic description of the wine and its use at the Mexican table. Later, a contribution is made to the construction of matrices of pairing promoting the glocal development of the tourist destination and the inclusion of the kitchen and its ingredients. The purpose is that in such a way that it can be concluded with certain reflections of the pairing matrices as inclusion in the tourist experience gastronomic of some tourist destinations of Mexico.

Tourism as a Neoliberal Economic Messiah

Tourism has grown since the democratic transition in 1994. The growth of tourism has been so spectacular that today, tourism is regarded as the new gold, as it is South Africa's number one export. For the past 24 years, tourism's growth rate has always exceeded the national growth rate of the country. The sustained growth of tourism caught the attention of policy makers and private investors. The growth of tourism has mitigated the decline of mining, especially gold mining, that was the primary driver of the economy for decades. The economy of South Africa is suffering from a decline in the commodity prices, and the shedding of jobs in mining. The rise of tourism occurred when the economic fortunes were dampened by the decline of mining and agriculture, leading to widespread poverty associated with unemployment. Tourism has become an economic messiah. The literature review adds to a paucity of academic gaze on the tourism industry in South Africa.