E-Government Services in India

The study will focus on technological components of the Indian Aadhaar program which tries to give every resident of the country a digital ID. The paper provides the architectural and implementation features of the program. Aadhaar program is only 40% implemented to date as mandated by the Government of India. Aadhaar is mostly based on Free Open Source Software (FOSS) and its processes are International Standards Organization (ISO) compliant. The paper would do a critical analysis of the architectures of the ID programs.

Value and Risk in Business to Business E-Banking

The purpose of this chapter is to examine the functional relationships between three types of risk (performance, financial and psychological) and the benefits and sacrifices components of value are tested within a broader neurological network that includes e-service quality and satisfaction, word-of-mouth and intention to switch. The hypothesized relationships are tested; using Partial Least Squares, on data collected through a postal survey from167 Iran-based SME organizations. The results confirm the significant, but the differential impact of the three types of risk on the two value components. Specifically, performance risk and financial risk are found to be significant determinants of benefits, while psychological risk impacts on perceptions of sacrifices. This chapter also provides evidence of the differential impact of the benefits and sacrifices components of value on satisfaction, and the existence of both direct and indirect impacts of these components on word-of-mouth and intention to switch.

E-Government in Vietnam

Electronic government (e-government) has established as an effective mechanism for increasing government productivity and efficiency and a key enabler of citizen- centric services. Despite the considerable investment of the Government of Vietnam in e-government, the outcomes of it are still far below the expectation. This paper aims also to assess the current situation of e-government in Vietnam and to investigate the reasons for the modest results of it. Different indicator groups for the measurement of e-government will be applied to access the status of each dimension of e-government as well as the overall performance of e-government in general. The challenges and issues of implementing e-Government systems will also be relevant to implementing ICTs to build systems to support e-governance.

Designing and Implementing E-Government Projects in India

The recent, rapid global proliferation of the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) has sparked an explosive increase in an already steadily-growing stream of scholarly and practitioner literature on the applicative potential of e-government initiatives for development. Attracted by the potential intrinsic to these innovative digital technologies, platforms, and applications, political actors across the world have adopted computer-based network-systems for strategic use in government; as a means of reforming inefficiencies in public administration, and in public service provision. This research chapter, through the delineation of an electronic property tax collection system, deployed in Bangalore, India, analyses and unravels the strategic actor interactions shaping similar e-government initiatives, globally; predominantly, through a detailed scholarly examination of prevailing actor behaviours, motivations, and interactions. The research presented herein considers, thus, not only the interplay of local contingencies and external influences acting upon the project, but also the disjunctions apparent within these relationships which inhibit the effective exploitation of ICTs in the given context.

E-Government Approaches to Facilitate the Process of Democracy in the Administration of Bangladesh

In order to expedite the process of democracy, through the openness the functions of government's administration, multifarious initiatives have been taken by almost every government in the world. The most recent and viable one is the initiative of e-government. The main aim of e-government is to make the administration ready to endow accountability, transparency, and to ease the communication process between the government and the citizens. Bangladesh is a developing country in the world, has initiated a massive programs to introduce the e-government application through the different administrative levels. Moreover, the special emphasis has been given in the field administration of Bangladesh where from almost 70% citizens directly benefited and take part into the administrative process. However, the gap is yet not up to mark to promote the actual level of democracy. This chapter will elaborate different initiatives of e-government taken by the government of Bangladesh for endorsing the process of democracy. Moreover, the actual present situation of government will also be outlined here. In order to elaborate this paper different secondary sources of data such as, books, journals, web, etc. will be used as much as possible.

Digital Governance

This study aimed to evaluate the usability of Omani ministry websites (OMW). The researchers depended mainly on the dimensions and typical variables proposed by Baker (2009) to measure the usability of the websites and only on a few dimensions adopted from Smith (2001). The borrowed dimensions were used to evaluate the websites' ease of use. The researchers organized the dimensions of website usability into six dimensions, which were: (1) Online services, (2) User-help, (3) Navigation, (4) Legitimacy, (5) Information Architecture, and (6) Accessibility accommodations. Based on the study findings, the researchers made a number of recommendations to improve the performance of Omani e-government websites, including the following: Users should be involved in the early stages of a website's development, in addition to automatic tools, when testing its accessibility. This will ensure that the website is usable and accessible.

Public Value of E-Government

Main purpose of this study is to examine the level of Public Value of e-government in Sri Lanka. In this regard, a website of “www.pubad.gov.lk” of the Ministry of Public Administration and Home Affairs in Sri Lanka was selected. Other objective of this study is to identify e-government maturity level of the selected website. Both qualitative and quantitative data were used for achieving these two objectives. The quantitative data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. Population was 2204 Sri Lanka Administrative Service officers and the selected sample is 10% from the population. The website maturity level was evaluated mainly through observation. The study was conducted from January 2014 to March of 2014. It was found that the mean value of the level of the Public Value of the website is 3.34. This represents that the majority of officers have no idea about the Public Value of this website. Only 20% of the officers agreed that the website has this Public Value (2% of the sample strongly agreed and 18% of them agreed). This website belongs to the second e-government maturity level according to the UN ASPA model. The facilities to conduct online transactions and adhering to the web standards are recommended for enhancing the service delivery of the website.

E-Government in China

E-government has made good achievements in China and played a major role in improving administrative institutions and provision of public services. In China, the applications of e-government increased since 2001. The application of e-government in China was intended, in part, to accelerate the government's pace of implementing and using information and communications technologies (ICTs) to improve administrative efficiency and effectiveness and, through this administrative reform, to promote economic development and the administrative capacity (Hongguan Tiaokong Nengli) of the central government in China. While Chinese leaders also emphasize the importance of providing a better quality of public services to their citizens, the major goal of e-government seems to be interestingly different than in western countries. Some critical problems have arisen at the same time as in many other developing countries, such as institutional inertia, over expenditure, lack of use, lack of knowledge, lack of infrastructure, asymmetry of regional development, etc. China should consider formulating effective e-government policy as well as creating an institutional mechanism in various government departments for integrating and sharing e-government applications across provinces and local governments. This could prove especially helpful to those citizens who are living in the less developed regions and provinces lacking e-government delivery of public services.

Electronic Government Adoption in Pakistan

The fundamental factor that creates barrier in the deployment of e-services in the government sector of Pakistan is a critic issue. These barriers are in both demand side as well as supply side of e-Government. As the technology is moving towards innovation, the governments all around the world are transforming their public administrations from conventional methods to new innovative methods. Electronic services are beneficial for citizens and government alike due to cost and time saving, simplification of the procedures, transparency in the governance processes and improvement of office management. Pakistan first took the initiative to incorporate e-Government services in the year 2002. The analysis of e-Government in Pakistan should be conducted through perspective of both parties. The supply-side perspective of the government is one side of the depiction that includes infrastructure, policies, employees behavior, skills etc. And, the demand-side depiction is the people's perspective regarding the deployment of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and users willingness. The Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model will provide the most preeminent insight in the demand side of e-Government in Pakistan. The government of Pakistan can incorporate the demand side factors side of e-Government services in developing countries like Pakistan.

Challenges En-Route towards E-Governance in Small Developing Island Nations of the South Pacific

Papua New Guinea is hampered by many factors pertaining to institutions, socio-economic, technological, legal-political factors amongst others. E-governance though is seen as a new mantra having the potential of solving immense problems from service delivery, is still many a times constrained in its capacity to yield benefits. So, what are the hurdles that Papua New Guinea faces given its contextual setting is the main research objective of this paper. This objective is achieved through a quantitative methodological framework using structured questionnaires in which a sample of 189 respondents was interviewed. The findings of this research highlight that in PNG the following barriers were cited: lack of project management, inadequate technological/data and legal infrastructure, difficulty in change management, insufficient time and money, lack of requisite competencies, improper communication environment, lack of internal will and finally the dominance of external pressure.