IDENTIFIKASI PADA JENAZAH YANG DITEMUKAN DI PINGGIR PANTAI

Identifikasi merupakan suatu upaya membantu penyidik dalam menentukan identitas serta sebab kematian seseorang. Pada beberapa kasus pemeriksaan identifikasi jenazah dilakukan pada jenazah yang sudah dikuburkan, sehingga pemeriksaan forensik setelah ekshumasi menjadi cara terakhir untuk mendapatkan data terkait identitas dan penyebab kematian korban. Pada artikel ini dilaporkan proses identifikasi sesosok jenazah tanpa identitas dengan anggota tubuh yang tidak lengkap yang ditemukan oleh nelayan di pinggir pantai Pulo Aceh, Propinsi Aceh dalam keadaan telungkup di bawah boat. Jenazah sudah dikuburkan oleh warga, namun setelah terdapat informasi bahwa jenazah kemungkinan warga negara asing, penyidik melakukan prosedur ekshumasi pada jenazah tersebut untuk dilakukan identifikasi. Pada pemeriksaan luar ditemukan jenazah tidak utuh, tanpa kepala, berjenis kelamin laki-laki dengan perkiraan tinggi badan berdasarkan dengan panjang tulang humerus dan radius adalah sekitar 150,83-159,15 cm dan perkiraan tinggi badan dengan menggunakan panjang tulang femur dan tibia adalah sekitar 151,32 – 157,79 cm, usia korban tidak dapat ditentukan. Untuk mendukung proses identifikasi dikirimkan sampel tulang radius dan ulna kiri guna pemeriksaan DNA. Penyebab kematian korban tidak dapat ditentukan karena sudah terjadi adiposera dan perkiraan waktu kematian korban lebih dari satu bulan.

FORENSIC ANALYSIS OF BLUNT TRAUMA IN ORAL CAVITY THAT CAUSE THE DEATH: A REVIEW

Traumatology is one of the pathology forensic studies to analyze the injury, effect and its relation to the cases of violence of criminals. According to the etiology, its division into four major types of trauma, there are blunt trauma, sharp trauma, gunshot wound, and others. Blunt trauma is a common case in forensic and often becomes the cause of death in many cases, such as accident, homicide, and murderer. Blunt trauma in the oral cavity also can cause death by various mechanisms such as infection, bleeding, and asphyxia. Keyword: blunt trauma, oral cavity, cause of death

Determination of Time of Death Based on Blood Ring Formation and RNA Degradation

Time of death (TOD) determination is crucial in criminal cases. The method used to determine the TOD so far is only based on the state of the corpse found, therefore a new method is needed to improve the accuracy of the TOD determination. This study aims to determine the TOD based on a new method, namely the formation of blood rings and RNA degradation. Blood is commonly found in crime scenes. Blood consists of liquid part that is plasma and cellular part consisting of erythrocytes, leukocyte, and thrombocytes. The composition of blood as a liquid that contains dissolved solids makes the drops of dried blood forming “coffee ring effect”, which is a ring-like form on the perimeter of a blood drop. Coffee ring effect is used as an indicator of time by looking at the thickness of the ring formed from the perimeter of the blood drop to the middle which increases with time. RNA degradation was observed using Peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) gene. The PPIA gene is found in leukocyte and is used to see the degradation of RNA per 30 minutes period using the RT-PCR and qPCR methods. Degradation was observed by comparing the cycle threshold (ct) value of the standard curve with the ct value of the samples per unit time. TOD could be determined by the percentage of the blood ring thickness up until 120th minutes, and by observing the degradation of RNA until the 60th minute, after that the RNA had completely degraded.

PENERAPAN STANDAR PROSEDUR OPERASIONAL (SPO) PENERIMAAN DALAM MENJAGA KUALITAS MUTU SEDIAAN FARMASI DI APOTEK X

Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian adalah tolak ukur yang dipergunakan sebagai pedoman bagi tenaga kefarmasian dalam menyelenggarakan pelayanan kefarmasian. Salah satu faktor yang mendukung adalah pengelolaan sediaan farmasi dan alat kesehatan yang mencakup bagian penerimaan. Penerimaan dalam perundang-undangan yang berlaku di Indonesia diatur dalam Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor 73 tahun 2016 tentang Standar Pelayanan Kefarmasian di Apotek. Penerimaan merupakan kegiatan untuk menjamin kesesuaian jenis, spesifikasi, jumlah, mutu, waktu penyerahan dan harga yang tertera dalam surat pesanan dengan kondisi fisik yang diterima. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Standar Prosedur Operasional (SPO) di Apotek X telah sesuai dengan peraturan perundang-undangan. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah observasional deskriptif dengan pendekatan kualitatif yang bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi yang lebih mendalam tentang penerimaan dilakukan di Apotek X. Standards of Pharmaceutical Services are benchmarks used as guidelines for pharmaceutical personnel in carrying out pharmaceutical services. One supporting factor is the management of pharmaceutical products, medical devices, and consumable medical materials that include the reception. Reception of pharmaceutical products has been regulated by Minister of Health Regulation Number 73 of 2016 concerning The Standards of Pharmaceutical Services at Pharmacy. Reception is an activity to ensure the suitability of type, specifications, quantity, quality, delivery time and price stated in the order letter with physical conditions received. This study aims to determine the application of Standard Operating Procedures (SOP) in Pharmacy X in accordance with statutory regulations. This type of research is a descriptive observational study with a qualitative approach that aims to get more in-depth information about acceptance conducted at Pharmacy X.

EFEK GENOTOKSISITAS PADA BAHAN DENTAL ADHESIF

The use of dental adhesive materials in dental practice everyday has raised questions about the biological effects on tissues. Adhesive system has attracted considerable research interest in recent years, dental adhesive will succeed depends on the chemical adhesive, on the appropriate clinical management of materials and the knowledge of morphological changes in dental tissue caused by different bonding procedures. Some studies suggest that the dental adhesive material Genotoxicity have any effect on the network. Genotoxic effects may significantly reduce the potential for tissue repair or cause the development of neoplasia in the long term.

Gambaran Patologis Hasil Autopsi Pada Leher Korban Homicidal Hanging Dan Suicidal Hanging

Gantung diri merupakan bentuk penyebab kematian di dunia. Gantung diri dapat terjadi karena bunuh diri, pembunuhan, kecelakaan atau hukuman. Telaah ini berfokus pada identifikasi jejas pada leher yang ditemukan pada kasus suicidal hanging dan homicidal hanging. Skirining literatur dilakukan pada 3 basis data Pubmed, Scopus dan Cochrane. Semua studi kasus dan laporan kasus berbahasa Inggris digunakan. Tidak ada batasan tahun. Setelah penelaahan kritis 10 laporan kasus homicidal hanging dan suicidal hanging, serta 7 studi kasus suicidal hanging. Telaah ini telah mengidentifikasi dan mensintesis bukti dari 17 studi homicidal hanging dan suicidal hanging. Jejas yang ditemukan berupa jejas jerat (jumlah, letak, arah), perdarahan otot, fraktur kartilago dan tanda kekerasan lain. Telaah ini dapat digunakan kalangan professional di bidang patologi forensik untuk memahami kasus homicidal hanging dan suicidal hanging, serta mengenalkan pentingnya studi literatur di bidang forensik.

KORELASI PANJANG TULANG EKSTREMITAS DENGAN TINGGI BADAN DALAM IDENTIFIKASI FORENSIK

The measurement of extremity bones length in forensic identification can be used to determine the personal identity, one of which is the stature. Several studies have been conducted to generate predictive regression formula, yet, each formula resulted different number of one’s stature including various methods of its measurement. This research aims to analyze the correlation between extremity bones length with stature, measurement methods, final result deviation, and which part of extremity bones has the strongest correlations. The articles were searched and collected from Google scholar and Sciencedirect.com by entering “extremity bone length and stature” as the keywords in which 25 qualified articles were reviewed based on the inclusion criteria under this research. In terms of upper extremity, 10 of 17 articles revealed a correlation between forearm/radius and ulna bone with the stature (58.8%), 5 articles in upper arm/humerus bone (29,4%), and 2 articles in hand length (11,8). Meanwhile, in lower extremity, 4 of 9 articles showed a strong correlation between tibia and fibula bone with stature (44,5%), 3 articles in femur bone (33,3%), and 2 articles in foot length (22,2%). Based on the measurement methods, 24 articles (96%) used percutaneus measurement, and only 1 article (4%) used post-mortem computed tomography (PMCT). This research concluded that all the components of extremity bones length have a significant correlation with stature, although its correlation is various. The best method is percutaneus measurement to avoid the potential bias occurred in imaging method.

REGRESSION ANALYSIS TO DETERMINE STATURE FROM HAND ANTHROPOMETRY AMONG ILOCANO POPULATION IN PHILIPPINES FOR PERSON IDENTIFICATION

Stature determination aids the person identification during forensic investigation. The human hand research is the current topic of interest among forensic scientist, forensic medicine experts and anthropologists. Based on sample size analysis, the study involved consented 60 males and 60 females, age ranged from 18 to 55 years old. Stature and hand lengths measurements were made with Stadiometer and Vernier Calipers for analysis. From each participant, ten hand length measurements, five from left and five from right hands were taken. The five length measurements in left hand are the inter-distance between the distal traverse crease of the wrist (LH) and tip of thumb (T), index finger (I), middle finger (M), ring finger (R) & little finger (L), as abbreviated LHT, LHI, LHM, LHR and LHL. Similarly, the right hand lengths indicated as RHT, RHI, RHM, RHR, and RHL. The data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS software, version 23 and column chart. The information about age, gender, name, and place of origin of the participants was coded for easy reference. This study finally developed regression equations to determine stature from hand anthropometry among Ilocano population in Philippines for person identification

STRATEGI PERENCANAAN PENGADAAN SEDIAAN FARMASI PADA BEBERAPA APOTEK DI KABUPATEN GIANYAR

Perencanaan merupakan kegiatan dalam pemilihan jenis, jumlah, dan harga dalam rangka pengadaan dengan tujuan mendapatkan jenis dan jumlah yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan dan anggaran, serta menghindari kekosongan obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui strategi perencanaan yang digunakan oleh beberapa apotek di Kabupaten Gianyar. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian observasional (non eksperimental) dan bersifat deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan waktu cross sectional yaitu penelitian yang pengukurannya dilakukan pada suatu saat tertentu saja atau sekaligus pada suatu saat (point time approach). Apotek X, Apotek Y dan Apotek Z menerapkan metode konsumsi dalam perencanaan dan dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kerugian akibat barang expired

PELAKSANAAN KONSELING OBAT OLEH APOTEKER DI APOTEK KABUPATEN BADUNG

Republic of Indonesia Health Minister Regulation No. 73 of 2016 states that counseling is one of the pharmaceutical services at the Pharmacy. This study aims to determine the implementation of drug counseling by Pharmacists to patients in the Pharmacy in accordance with Republic of Indonesia Health Minister Regulation No. 73 of 2016. This type of research is non experimental with cross sectional design. In this study the data was taken using a questionnaire via Google Form. Fill out the google form by the pharmacists in Badung Regency. The data obtained were analyzed and then the percentage was made. Based on the data obtained, as many as 100% of respondents had counseled patients with varying time periods. Respondents had counseled within 1-10 minutes. When providing counseling, as many as 55.55% of respondents asked that there were those who needed help, such as lack of time, place and knowledge. Provision of information in the implementation of counseling, namely how to use and store drugs (100%), time of drug use (88.89%), drug dosage and duration of drug use (77.78%), and drug side effects (66.67%). This is good enough to increase patient approval for taking the drug. However, counseling documentation and recording patient documentation is still not effective in its implementation due to various factors. In terms of the pharmacist's knowledge regarding the laws governing the performance of pharmaceutical personnel, 88.89% of respondents already knew that. Therefore, it is expected that pharmacists can carry out their duties properly in accordance with statutory regulations.