The Art of Musical Pedagogy (A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing by Leopold Mozart and the Origins of Violin Teaching Methodology in Bulgaria)

2021 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Angelina Marinkova
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Teaching Methodology ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Violin Pedagogy ◽  
Teaching Process ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Teaching Pedagogy ◽  
Teaching Principles ◽  
Violin Playing

Learning and improvement are impossible without teaching. Pedagogy exists to impart knowledge and skills as directly and rigorously as possible, but it is rather an art than a science, since art creates rules, while science obeys them. The only rule of art is that there are no rules, no absolute truth. Pedagogy works with personalities and individuals, which science cannot do although scientific rules are vital to the teaching process: know the rules, when to obey them, and when to break them. Thus, all teaching is connected across all cultures and traditions. Violin pedagogy is no exception. The earliest documentation of violin teaching in Bulgaria is found in the curricula of general educational institutions. This study traces the complex interconnections of common teaching principles between national and European violin pedagogy, specifically Leopold Mozart’s A Treatise on the Fundamental Principles of Violin Playing (Versuch einer gründlichen Violinschule, 1756), and late 19th- to early 20th-century Bulgarian teaching in the methods of Karel Machán, Dimitar Hadzhigeorgiev and Kamen Popdimitrov.

scholarly journals DESPITE IMPERIAL POLICY: THE UKRAINIAN STUDIES IN THE MUSEUMS OF DNIPER UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 19th – IN EARLY 20th CENTURY

2019 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Ihor Dvorkin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Government Support ◽  
The Other ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
National Movement ◽  
Imperial Period ◽  
Scientific Institutions ◽  
Relevant Field

The article deals with the development of Ukrainian studies in museums of Naddnipprianska Ukraine during the imperial period. At the time, a rather wide museum network worked here. Museums were created and operated at various organizations - universities and other educational institutions; scientific institutions; self-government bodies, etc. The lack of the central imperial power’s museum policy was typical. This led to the fact, that museum institutions were often operated under conditions of insufficient funding and enough government support. Russia's imperial policy towards the Ukrainian national movement in the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was aimed at its restriction and prohibition. Any manifestation of official Ukrainophile activity should be controlled and restricted. At the same time, intelligentsia, the Ukrainian national movement activists, took an active part in the creation and follow-up of museum institutions. On the other hand, the Ukrainian national movement activists found an opportunity to actively use their work in cultural and educational institutions, including museums, as well as to cooperate with them for the purpose of research in the field of Ukrainian studies. In addition, collections of museum facilities could be used in research in the relevant field. Accumulation of Ukrainian studies was an important factor in national processes, the implementation of the "Ukrainian project". The article highlights Ukrainian studies conducted in some museums in Kyiv, Kharkiv and Chernihiv. These museums contained collections, dedicated to Ukrainian ethnography, archeology and history. These museums, thanks to the position of their employees, collected and systematized collections on the history and culture of Ukraine, published scientific products on the basis of their collections.

scholarly journals DAYAH AND MEUNASAH IN ACEH: REFORM IN LOCAL CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-40
Author(s):  
Moch. Khafidz Fuad Raya
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institution ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Peace Agreement ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of

  The history of Islamic education in the early 20th century led to various changes, especially the emergence of madrasas as an Islamic schooling system. Traditional Islamic educational institutions inevitably have to harmonise and open themselves to transformation, even though they initially experienced opposition. Using a qualitative approach with a narrative documentation method based on historical texts and observations in several Islamic educational institutions in Aceh, this article focuses on revealing the history of the dayah and meunasah as a traditional Acehnese Islamic educational institution that underwent some fundamental changes. The results found: First, the existence of the dayah is more long-term than the meunasah even though both forms of this institution are rooted in the same ideological principles with different patterns, seen from the early 20th century until implementing sharia law in Aceh after the Helsinki peace agreement, the dayah was still existed by maintaining its institutional form. Second, the emergence of madrasas as a formation of the government’s political policy on the social conditions of the people that occurred has provided space for traditional Islamic educational institutions (such as the dayah) to open themselves to including general subjects, although this second result has led to struggles; Third, there is a contestation between dayah, Islamic schools, and madrasas, with public schools driven by traditionalist and modernist groups in maintaining their existence. The contest has opened the history of the dayah and meunasah into the form of public schools and madrasas in the future, both of which apply Islamic religious material, where public schools are superior to madrasas in terms of curriculum, educational programs, and human resources.

scholarly journals Theological issues on the pages of the tatar press of the early twentieth century

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (Extra-A) ◽  
pp. 167-173
Author(s):  
Rezeda Rifovna Safiullina - Al Ansi ◽  
Ramil Mirgalimovich Galiullin ◽  
Marat Foatovich Safin
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Muslim Community

The relevance of the problem under study is due to the fact that the Muslim community of our region today, as at the beginning of the 20th century, is at an important stage in the transformation of public life. The article is aimed at illustrating the important role of the first Tatar newspapers and magazines in discussing the burning problems of the Ummah, using the examples of publications by Tatar authors of the early 20th century. After a thematic analysis of the articles and classification of theological issues raised by the authors, we can see that there was a plurality of solutions to various problems that were proposed during the discussions. This experience in the field of society reform and the search for effective solutions to the problems facing the Muslim community is extremely important today and can be useful for religious leaders, teachers of Islamic religious educational institutions.    

S. A. RACHINSKY'S EXPERIENCE IN EDUCATING PEASANTS' CHILDREN IN THE CONTEXT OF DESTROYING CULTURALLY MEANINGFUL SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT IN THE LATE 19TH TO EARLY 20TH CENTURY

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (100) ◽  
pp. 222-234
Author(s):  
NIKOLAI P. SENCHENKOV ◽  
VICTORIA V. TERESHCHENKOVA
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
Prevention Of Crime ◽  
The Given ◽  
Positive Results

The article discusses certain measures for preventing juvenile delinquency in the Russian Empire in the late 19th - early 20th century. It was conditioned by the fact that the given social contradiction brought negative consequences for the country and demanded ultimate concentration of the government on finding the solution to the problem. There were scientists at that historical period who suggested effective ways out of this contradictory situation. S. A. Rachinsky, a science communicator, was one of such people. His efforts produced positive results and contributed to the prevention of crime among underagers. The experience of the Tatev school was used by other educational institutions. Thus, Storozhishchensky correctional and shelter facility founded in 1894 in Smolensk province for underage criminals followed the education system proposed by S. A. Rachinsky, which contributed to effective socialization and correction of pupils.

A. L. Shanyavskii University in the Epicenter of the Revolutionary Movement of Late 19th – Early 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 1092-1102
Author(s):  
Roman A. Fando ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Revolutionary Movement ◽  
Political Agitation ◽  
Teachers And Students ◽  
Moscow City ◽  
History Of ◽  
The University

The article is devoted to the history of revolutionary unrest among students at the turn of the 20th century. Activities of informal student associations that conducted a broad agitation campaign within the walls of the A. L. Shanyavskii University in the early 20th century serve as an example. Unlike many other higher educational institutions, the Moscow City People's University became a hotbed of revolutionary outbreaks, fueled both by teachers and students of the university. University professors N. N. Polyansky, M. D. Zagryatskov, V. V. Krasnokutsky, A. V. Gorbunov, P. P. Gensen, P. N. Sakulin, A. A. Kizevetter called for democratic reforms in their lectures and criticized the foundations of the monarchy. Among other politicized communities of the University, the Latvian Social-Democratic group, which included M. I. Latsis and I. V. Tsivtsivadze, was especially prominent. Many students united around Social Democrat Ts. Zelikson-Bobrovskaya and Bolshevik A. A. Znamensky. The students of Shanyavskii University equipped a printing house and printed leaflets of revolutionary content. On the account of frequent cases of political agitation in the student environment, university lectures were attended by the police. Nevertheless, despite the police surveillance, the atmosphere at the university was quite liberal, and the revolutionary-minded associations continued to thrive there. The revolutionary events that were prepared with such energy (among others) by students of the A. L. Shanyavskii University and liberal-minded part of their professors, eventually led to greater collapse of the ideals of accessible higher education that A.L. Shanyavskii preached. The Bolsheviks, having received the reins of government in 1917, could not establish a working system of administration or even approximate the however well established pre-revolutionary order, and thereupon in 1920 the University of A.L. Shanyavskii ceased to exist. Several documents found in the State Archive of the Russian Federation allow to recreate the historical picture of the revolutionary movement within the walls of the Moscow City People's University.

Early 20th Century Historical Sources on the Siberian Student Community

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
Oksana V. Ustinova ◽  
◽  
Yulia V. Putilina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Student Organizations ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Student Life ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
Student Community ◽  
State Archives ◽  
Academic Clubs ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article examines the early 20th century historical source base on the Siberian student community of the pre-revolutionary period. It argues that the sources complex of the period is heterogeneous in structure, nature, and content. It determines that the life of Siberian students, as depicted in the early 20th century sources from state archives, was recorded principally in the following aspects: approved and regulated university activities (admission, scholarships, training, participation in registered student organizations, fraternities, academic clubs, etc.) and oppositional, political, ideological activities of students prohibited by both central and local authorities and, in some cases, by university administration that followed the instructions. More details on pressing issues of student life (poverty, employment issues, etc.) unfold in the periodicals. There was a series of analytical and op-ed articles in the Sibirskii student (‘Siberian student’) and Sibirskie voprosy (‘Siberian issues’) magazines, in the Sibirskaya zhizn' (‘Siberian life’) and Utro Sibiri (‘The morning of Siberia’), and some others. The article shows that, apart from poverty and domestic issues, the informal student life, as lived outside educational institutions and politics (that is, love, friendship, attitude toward family, marriage, taste and theater preferences, fashion, and so on), went unreported. Some aspects of this life were pictured in fiction, published, for instance, in the Tomsk student press. But although they give some idea of the Siberian students’ view and ways of life, these sources don’t record facts of life.

scholarly journals Libraries of the Komi Region as an Element of Civil Society Formation in Ethnical Regions of Imperial Russia. The Second Half of the 19th — Early 20th Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
Anna K. Gagieva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Historical Sources ◽  
National Education ◽  
Imperial Russia ◽  
History Of ◽  
Monastic Libraries

The article considers the activities of libraries in the Komi region as an element of the civil society formation in the second half of the 19th – early 20th century. Published and unpublished historical sources are used to reconstruct the libraries’ activities. They are well known to experts, and yet some issues have never come to the researchers’ notice. The author proposes to include materials on the history of librarianship in the Komi region in the context of studying issues of everyday life and civil society formation in the region. In the studied period there were libraries of various types in the region: public, clerical, monastic, and those of educational institutions. The latter were replenished at the expense of the Ministry of National Education or by donation. Clerical and monastic libraries were sponsored by the Vologda Spiritual Consistory, Synod, and Ministry of National Education. In the second half of the 19th – early 20th century the libraries of the Komi region catered cultural needs of the population, organizations and unions and promoted civil society formation.

scholarly journals In Search of a Better Life: Paperwork on Reshuffles in Church Institutions in the Second Half of the 18th - Early 20th Century: A Case-Study of the Tobolsk Spiritual Consistory

2020 ◽  
pp. 46-58
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Spichak ◽  
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Orthodox ◽  
Office Work ◽  
Russian Orthodox Church ◽  
Clerical Workers ◽  
Record Keeping ◽  
Archival Documents

The article studies reasons for moving employees and ministers of ecclesiastical institutions of the Tobolsk diocese in the second half of the 18th – early 20th century and analyses the procedure of the reshuffles. This topic has not been studied yet, it is here disclosed on basis of archival sources that are being introduced into scientific use. The author has studied files of the Tobolsk spiritual consistory stored in the State Archive in the city of Tobolsk. The article reveals content of these cases, examines documents on reshuffles of ministers of church institutions of the Tobolsk diocese. The author determines terms, on which the record keeping procedure depended, identifies its main stages, isolates initiating documents in the files. The most frequent reason for the displacement of church institutions officials and ministers was their inability to support themselves and their families on the salary. When ecclesiastical consistory needed clerical workers, the diocesan authorities preferred to transfer experienced employees from other church institutions, rather than to accept graduates from educational institutions where they were taught nothing of office work. Moreover, most graduates preferred the civil service to the spiritual, so there was a lack of clerical workers, and sometimes freelancer clerks were to be hired. The documents interesting not for dry statement of facts, but for remarks and reflections that are often emotionally colored. The archival documents show that the Russian Orthodox Church took care of all of its servants, even those disabled, in ill health or elderly and found opportunity to find them all a suitable position within their power.

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