Research on the Application Technology of Linear CCD in Dynamic Measuring Molten Tin Glass Surface

2008 ◽  
Vol 381-382 ◽  
pp. 169-172
Author(s):  
Y. Yu ◽  
Shu Xing Xu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Cooling System ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Measuring Method ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Measurement Device ◽  
Linear Ccd ◽  
Temperature Environment ◽  
On Line ◽  
High Temperature Environment

In this paper, the characteristics of the high temperature environment in tin bath and the practical glassmaking of float glass production are analyzed. Dynamic optical measuring method is selected to measure glass thickness. A semiconductor laser is used for the light source and a linear CCD is used for the detector to pick up data within 600°C on the area of the tin bath. By analyzing and calculating a lot of dynamic measurement experimental data tested with the measurement device. Based upon the theory of heat transfer, the working area of the measurement device can be kept at a constant temperature near the tin bath by using a circulation water-cooling system and low temperature nitrogen. The image processing technology is used for the edge detection and the pixel subdivision in the software of the system. At the same time the factors that influence accuracy of the system are discussed and some compensation measures are also proposed. The accuracy of 5µm dynamic on-line measurement is achieved and the accuracy of static measurement is less than 1µm within the range of 2~20mm thickness of glass. All these make linear CCD can be successfully applied in the practice of high temperature environment.

scholarly journals Combination of Zinc Oxide and Antimony Doped Tin Oxide Nanocoatings for Glazing Application

Coatings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Schumm ◽  
Thomas Abendroth ◽  
Saleh A. Alajlan ◽  
Ahmed M. Almogbel ◽  
Holger Althues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Glass Production ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Building Envelope ◽  
Visible Range ◽  
Production Processes

Multilayered nanocoatings allow outstanding properties with broad potential for glazing applications. Here, we report on the development of a multilayer nanocoating for zinc oxide (ZnO) and antimony doped tin oxide (ATO). The combination of ZnO and ATO thin films with their promising optical properties is a cost-efficient alternative for the production of energy-efficient glazing. It is an effective modification of the building envelope to reduce current high domestic demand of electrical power for air conditioning, especially in hot climates like Saudi Arabia. In this paper, we report the development of a nanocoating based on the combination of ZnO and ATO. Principle material and film investigations were carried out on lab-scale by dip coating with chemical solution deposition (CSD), while with regard to production processes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) processes were evaluated in a second stage of the film development. It was found that with both processes, high-quality thin films and multilayer coatings with outstanding optical properties can be prepared. While keeping the optical transmission in the visible range at around 80%, only 10% of the NIR (near infrared) and below 1% of UV (ultraviolet) light passes these coatings. However, in contrast to CSD, the CVD process allows a free combination of the multilayer film sequence, which is of high relevance for production processes. Furthermore, it can be potentially integrated in float glass production lines.

Design and Preliminary Results of Redox Capacity Measurements of Granitic Rocks and Minerals

1990 ◽  
Vol 212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veijo O. Pirhonen ◽  
Petteri Pitkänen ◽  
Jukka Takala ◽  
Esko Arilahti
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Granitic Rocks ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Oxygen Loss ◽  
Redox Capacity ◽  
On Line ◽  
Oxygen Gas

ABSTRACTA procedure for the measurements of the redox capacity of rocks and minerals is presented. Both solid and pulverized samples are used. In a preliminary test described in this paper, an oxygen loss of an aqueous solution in contact with pulverized granodiorite was measured directly on-line, with an oxygen sensor.The increase of Fetot in the solution responded relatively well to the oxygen consumption. The maximum rate varied from 3.0 × 10−4 to 9.0 × 10−11 mol l−1 s−1 correspondingly. Oxygen loss of 0.04 mmol (O2) and iron increase of 0.1 mmol were recorded in the solution. Fe(II) reduction in the solid phase was also examined. Fe(II) was inferred to have partially dissolved during the experiment. When the system was equilibrated at the ambient conditions, the vessel was pressurized upto 100 bar with oxygen gas. Three weeks later, the additional decrease of Fe(II) in the solid phase was minimal, only 0.07 % Fe(II) was dissolved or oxidized on the rock surfaces. At this point, the Fetot in the solution, had decreased down to the background level. According to the total oxygen loss at the ambient coditions, the maximum redox capacity of the examined granodiorite (BET 1.0 m2/g) is 0.002 mmol/m2.

Validity and Reliability of the Cosmed K2 to Measure Oxygen Uptake

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Lothian ◽  
M. R. Farrally ◽  
C. Mahoney
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Female Subject ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Variation Coefficient ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
System A ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Line Oxygen

The validity and reliability of the Cosmed K2 was tested in comparison with a Quinton on-line oxygen analysing system. A female subject was monitored on a treadmill using a progressive protocol and was measured on three occasions with each system. It was found at low workloads that the Cosmed K2 and the Quinton gave the same measure of oxygen uptake; at higher workloads the Cosmed K2 gave lower values, and at peak oxygen uptake the Cosmed K2 measured 22.2% less than the Quinton. The difference in the measurement of [Formula: see text] at peak oxygen uptake was 13%. The Cosmed K2's measurement of [Formula: see text] showed a greater variability between trials (variation coefficient 3.0-11.4%) than the Quinton (variation coefficient 1.1-3.9%). Key words: Cosmed K2, validity, telemetry

A Model Based Estimator for Cylinder Specific Air-to-Fuel Ratio Corrections

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Meyer ◽  
Stephen Yurkovich ◽  
Shawn Midlam-Mohler
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Sensor ◽  
Finite Impulse Response ◽  
Exhaust System ◽  
Open Loop ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Experimental Calibration ◽  
Fuel Ratio ◽  
Model Based ◽  
On Line ◽  
Fir Model

One of the most overlooked and oversimplified components of an engine model used for model based air-to-fuel ratio (AFR) control and/or diagnostics is the exhaust gas dynamics model. Without a proper model of the exhaust system, the mixing of exhaust gases and the dynamic transport delays are challenging to capture accurately, even with a meticulous experimental calibration. By representing the exhaust system with a finite impulse response (FIR) model whose coefficients are based on physical properties, these effects can be predicted accurately and smoothly across the complete range of operating conditions. Through on-line and off-line techniques, this model can markedly improve the performance of both open loop and closed loop AFR control. Because a FIR model has a linear relationship between the input and the output, the input error trajectory can be identified from a single precatalyst oxygen sensor measurement. This technique can be used to supplement the calibration of either the feed-forward or feedback portion of the AFR controller. Additionally, the FIR model can be used for on-line estimation of cylinder imbalance errors. This model based approach to cylinder imbalance estimation has several advantages over the current empirically based methods including robustness and ease of calibration.

scholarly journals INTEGRATION OF MODERN TECHNOLOGY FOR ARCHITECTURAL-BUILDING GLASS PRODUCTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 90-95
Author(s):  
Liudmyla Bragina ◽  
Serhiy Yaitsky ◽  
Dmytro Petrov ◽  
Olena Starolat
Keyword(s):  
Glass Production ◽  
Float Glass ◽  
Modern Technology ◽  
Technological Parameters ◽  
Current State ◽  
Operational Characteristics ◽  
Low Emission ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Technological Methods

The current state of technologies for the production of glass products used in the architectural and construction industry, types of the energy-saving float-glasses and their role in the lighting quality of the buildings was analyzed. The relevance of the use of Low-E glass, in particular in the glass units, is shown. Innovative trends in the production of sheet architectural and construction float glass with the use of modern technologies and equipment, in particular, at PJSC "Lysychansk glass factory "Proletary ", considered. It is established that a significant disadvantage of more energy-efficient I-glasses, which have a wide range of color characteristics, is the insufficient mechanical strength of soft coatings applied by magnetron vacuum spraying. It is shown that the technology of manufacturing low-emission I-glasses with such coatings does not allow them to be hardened while maintaining all the necessary operating parameters. Physicochemical properties and operational characteristics of large-sized glasses with silver, sunscreen soft coating, laminated, flat and radial tempered glasses, as well as their areas of application are presented. The principles of strengthening soft magnetron coatings for low-emission Double Low-E glasses and composition, layer combinations and technological parameters of multilayer nanocoatings with a total thickness of up to 140 nm, which allows to harden I-glass with these coatings, investigated. The technological parameters of obtaining low-emission I-glasses with variable coatings, which regulate the spectral and operational indicators of these glassware according to the interstate standards GOST EN 673-2016 and GOST EN 410-2014, are analyzed. Technological methods of the sheet glass with low-emission coatings hardening by creating of the special compositions and optimizing magnetron sputtering processes optimizing, as well as the basic regularities of the arrangement of the film layers of the Si3N4 / NiCr / Si3N4 film for the heat treatment withstanding of the glasses in the R2O – RO – SiO2 system are considered. The principles of adjusting their spectral and mechanical characteristics depending on the concentration and ratio of the components of the thin-film nanolayer, which will contribute to the creation of a variation series of float glasses with the required level of reflection in the infrared spectrum, are proposed.

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