Salivary concentrations of
            Streptococcus mutans
            and
            Lactobacilli
            during an orthodontic treatment. An observational study comparing fixed and removable orthodontic appliances

Abstract Background: The patients’ acceptance of a treatment plan and their subsequent cooperation play a crucial role in achieving the best results in orthodontic treatments. Evidences show some personality traits such as general self-efficacy (GSE) and some dental traits such as severity of malocclusion are correlated with motivation of orthodontic treatment. These factors may predict the patients’ compliance and acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. This cross sectional study was conducted to assess the correlation of GSE and the severity of malocclusion with patients’ acceptance in using removable orthodontic appliances. Methods: This study recruited 50 patients aged 10-12 years who required removable orthodontic appliances. The severity of malocclusion was determined using the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) before the onset of treatment and GSE of participants were assessed using GSE scale self-report. The acceptance questionnaire was proposed to the patients on first (T1), third (T2), and sixth (T3) month after the delivery of the appliance. Results: The GSE score had a statistically significant correlation with the total score of the acceptance questionnaire, subscale score of satisfaction with the appliance during eating and oral hygiene practice, duration of usage of the appliance, and interest in using it (P<0.05). The IOTN had no significant correlation with the acceptance questionnaire. Conclusions: Our findings substantiate the role of the GSES, concurrently declining the role of the IOTN in prediction of 10-12-year-old children's acceptance and cooperation in treatment of malocclusion with removable appliances.

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Penilaian tingkat keberhasilan perawatan ortodontik dengan piranti lepasan berdasarkan indeks PAR Assessment of success rate of orthodontic treatment using removable appliance based on PAR index

Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science ◽

10.15562/jdmfs.v10i3.273 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 144

Author(s):

Muh. Irwansyah ◽

Eka Erwansyah

Keyword(s):

Success Rate ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Treatment Success ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Inclusion Criteria ◽

Par Index ◽

Dental Models ◽

Removable Appliance ◽

Removable Appliances ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances

The success of orthodontic treatment, particularly with removable orthodontic appliances not only relies on theexpertise of the clinician, but also highly depends on the patient's own. It is necessary to know the extent of thesuccess rate of an orthodontic treatment. Assessment of malocclusion severity and treatment outcome has become avery popular object of research conducted by the PAR index. This study aims to determine the success rate oforthodontic treatment with removable appliances based on PAR Index. The research was carried out on March-May2011 with samples of patients dental models who had completed orthodontic treatment in the year 2008-2011 at theDepartment of Ortodonsia RSGMP UNHAS. Sixty six pairs of dental models fulfilled the inclusion criteria and therules of PAR Index. Percentage change in PAR score obtained by 35% in the assessment with no weighted and 36%was assessment by weighted. This results showed the level of orthodontic treatment success include into thecategory of "no change", but with a trend into the category of "a change "with a significant value ρ = 0.000 (ρ <0.05). It was concluded that there was occlusion improvements in orthodontic treatment with removable appliance,although very low and therefore need evaluation and improvement of governance maintenance carried out.

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The effect of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on white spot lesions incidence and accumulation of Streptococcus mutans bacteria

Dental Journal (Majalah Kedokteran Gigi) ◽

10.20473/j.djmkg.v53.i3.p170-174 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 53 (3) ◽

pp. 170

Author(s):

Elfira Maharani ◽

Dyah Karunia ◽

Pinandi Sri Pudyani

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Bacterial Count ◽

Least Square ◽

White Spot ◽

Control Group ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

White Spot Lesions ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Insignificant Difference

Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances, such as Edgewise and Straightwire techniques, can increase the amount of plaque retention containing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which can lead to white spot lesions. Purpose: The aim of this study is to analyse the correlation of fixed orthodontic treatment with Edgewise and Straightwire techniques on the incidence of white spot lesions and accumulation of S. mutans. Methods: The samples consisted of three groups: control group (n=8), Edgewise technique group, and Straightwire technique group. We observed the samples at the sixth month and eighth month of the treatment, after the installation of the fixed orthodontic appliances. The observation of white spot lesions with caries detector was applied in all regions. Bacterial swabs were acquired in the lateral incisor region, then a bacterial culture procedure was carried out on selective media of S. mutans, and then a bacterial count was performed. The data was analysed using two-way ANOVA, the post-hoc least square differences test, and the Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The number of white spot lesions in the Edgewise group was higher than in the Straightwire group in the sixth and eighth month of treatment with insignificant difference (p>0.05). The number of S. mutans bacteria increased in all groups, but there were no significant differences (p>0.05). There was no significant relationship between the number of white spot lesions with the accumulation of S. mutans between groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: The Edgewise and Straightwire techniques increase the incidence of white spot lesions but accumulation of S. mutans with the incidence of white spot lesions has no relationship.

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Microbiological Evaluation of 0.2% Chlorhexidine Gluconate Mouth Rinse in Orthodontic Patients

The Angle Orthodontist ◽

10.2319/080506-320.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 77 (5) ◽

pp. 881-884 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Emel Sari ◽

Ilhan Birinci

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽

Wilcoxon Test ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Mouth Rinse ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Orthodontic Patients ◽

Fixed Appliances

Abstract Objective: To assess the effectiveness of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse on Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli in orthodontic patients with fixed appliances. Materials and Methods: Twenty patients, aged 13–18, with fixed orthodontic appliances participated in the study. The levels of S mutans and lactobacilli in saliva samples were evaluated at four stages: at the beginning of the orthodontic treatment, at least 2 weeks after the bonding of brackets, 1 week after the introduction of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse, and at the fourth week. The changes in S mutans and lactobacilli levels were analyzed via Wilcoxon test. Results: Increases in bacterial levels of S mutans and lactobacilli were detected after the orthodontic appliances were bonded. A significant decrease in S mutans levels was observed 1 week after the introduction of chlorhexidine mouth rinse. Conclusions: An 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate mouth rinse decreased S mutans levels, but had no effect on lactobacilli levels.

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Traumatically Induced Maxillary Retrusion—A Case Report of Orthodontic Management with the Protraction Headgear

British Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1179/bjo.15.1.11 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 11-16

Author(s):

P. A. Banks ◽

W. H. P. Bogues

Keyword(s):

Case Report ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Full Time ◽

Class Iii ◽

Class Iii Malocclusion ◽

Maxillary Protraction ◽

Surgical Reduction ◽

Traumatic Episode ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances

A 46-year-old male Caucasian with traumatically induced maxillary retrusion was referred for orthodontic treatment, eight weeks after the original fracture had occurred. Initial surgical reduction and fixation had been successful, when a second traumatic episode was encountered. This resulted in a further degree of posterior maxillary displacement, which was resistant to further surgical reduction. The resulting Class III malocclusion was treated using maxillary protraction headgear, in conjunction with removable orthodontic appliances and intermaxillary traction. Appliances were worn full time and inter-arch correction was achieved in six months. The resulting occlusion proved to be stable following the cessation of active treatment.

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A differentiated approach to orthodontic treatment of children with dento-maxillaire anomalies complicated by dentition defects

SUCHASNA STOMATOLOHIYA ◽

10.33295/1992-576x-2021-1-88 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 105 (1) ◽

pp. 88-94

Author(s):

S. Doroshenko ◽

◽

S. Savonik ◽

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Middle Age ◽

Frontal Area ◽

Comprehensive Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Functional Efficiency ◽

Upper Jaw ◽

The Aesthetic ◽

Intermediate Part ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances

Summary. Modern protocols on providing orthodontic care of children with anomalies and secondary dento-maxillaire deformities include the use of functional- guiding and mechanically-operated orthodontic equipment based on specific clinical indications. At the same time, the issues of orthodontic treatment of dento-maxillaire anomalies complicated by dentition defects still remain controversial, as the vast majority of functionally-guiding and mechanically-operated orthodontic equipment does not provide simultaneous replacement of dentition defect, whereas methods of pediatric prosthetics are often limited by the use of claspless removable laminar prostheses. Their functional efficiency is low due to insufficient fixation and the need for periodic replacement due to the growth of jaws in accordance with the age and physiological development of a child’s body. The use of traditional fixed bridge prostheses during the period of jaws growth is unacceptable, whereas the manufacture of split bridge prostheses with an intermediate part in the form of sliding elements, movably interconnected, as well as cantilever bridges, is limited by dentition due to the removal of only one tooth. Orthodontic appliances that meet these requirements, should be used to replace dentition defects, combined with dento-maxillaire anomalies in each period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system, which determines the relevance of our research. Goal. To increase the effectiveness of comprehensive treatment of children with dento-maxillaire anomalies, complicated by dentition defects of the frontal area with the use of a prosthetic appliance of our own design. Materials and methods. To achieve this goal, we examined 115 children aged from 5 to 17 years with dentition defects of the frontal area, who applied to the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry and Orthodontics, Kyiv Medical University. Of these, orthodontic treatment was performed in 64 patients with the use of removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances, including a prosthesis appliance of our own design: «Prosthesis appliance for upper jaw expansion » Ukrainian patent for a utility model № 145538 dated 28.12.2020, which is fixed using orthodontic bands and temporary fixation cement on the second temporary molars. The appliance has a plastic base with a screw, with which, if necessary, it is possible to influence the growth of the jaw. It also has artificial teeth in the frontal area, which are connected to the base, and do not inhibit the growth of the frontal segment of the upper jaw. Results. According to the results of the research it is determined that for each period of formation of the dento-maxillaire system with dento-maxillaire anomalies complicated by dentition defects it is reasonable to apply a personalized approach when conducting psycho-emotional preparation for treatment, oral cavity sanation, placing on myogymnastic exercises and appropriate orthodontic treatment combined with pediatric prosthetics. Traditional removable and non-removable orthodontic appliances as well as appliances of our own design were used to treat this group of people. According to the results of the treatment, the use of a fixed orthodontic appliance of our own design in children of young and middle age, which restores the function of biting food, allows to replace the dentition defect and meet the aesthetic requirements of patients, as well as to conduct continuous orthodontic treatment due to impossibility to remove the appliance. Indications for the use of this prosthesis appliance is the absence of 1 to 4 front teeth with the possibility of correcting the transversal size of the jaws. Our proposed prosthesis appliance meets the requirements and is easy for patients to use. Conclusions. Indications for the use of the prosthesis appliance of our own design is the absence of 1 to 4 front teeth with the possibility of correcting of the transversal size of the jaws. The use of a non-removable prosthesis appliance of our own design in children of young and middle age, which restores the function of biting food, allows to replace the dentition defect, meet the aesthetic requirements of patients, and to conduct continuous orthodontic treatment. Key words: dento-maxillaire anomalies, dentition defect, orthodontic treatment, orthodontic appliances, prosthesis appliance.

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In Vitro Study of Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation on Vanillin-Incorporated Orthodontic PMMA Resin

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.801.9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 801 ◽

pp. 9-14 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Sroisiri Thaweboon ◽

Boonyanit Thaweboon

Keyword(s):

Dental Caries ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Biofilm Formation ◽

Antimicrobial Property ◽

Cell Counting ◽

Bacterial Suspension ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Pmma Resin

Removable orthodontic appliances made of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin are commonly used after complete orthodontic treatment to keep teeth in the right position and prevent the shift out from the alignment. The use of these appliances can place patients at increased risk of dental caries through the biofilm accumulation ofStreptococcus mutans, caries-associated bacteria, on the surfaces of appliance themselves. Moreover, their rough surfaces or intrinsic porosities of PMMA enhance a condition for plaque aggregation, altering the oral microflora and limiting the washing out action of saliva on teeth and mucosal tissues, subsequently bringing about enamel demineralization and gingival inflammation. Cleaning by brushing or using chemical disinfectants is necessary for hygiene maintenance of the appliances, but requires patient cooperation, which is uncertain. Vanillin is a natural phenolic aldehyde which is used widely as a flavoring agent in various foods. It has been reported by many studies to exhibit antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate antimicrobial property of vanillin-incorporated orthodontic PMMA resin onS. mutansbiofilm formation. The self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin samples (SCG Chemicals, Thailand) were prepared according to the percentage of vanillin incorporation (0%, 0.1% and 0.5% vanillin). Another group of commercial resin samples without vanillin (Dentsply Caulk, USA) was prepared in the same manner. All samples were coated with sterile unstimulated saliva collected from three healthy adult volunteers at 37 °C for 60 min. TheS. mutansbiofilm formation was done with the 107colony forming unit (CFU)/m of bacterial suspension in 96-well plate and incubated at 37°C in 5% CO2 atmosphere for 24 h. The amount of biofilm was quantified by Cell Counting Kit WST-8 (Dojindo Molecular Technologies, USA) at 450 nm. All tests were performed in triplicate on three separate occasions. One-way ANOVA and Turkey’s test were used for the statistical analysis. A significant inhibitory effect was observed in 0.5% vanillin incorporated samples at 48 h compared with 0% vanillin and commercial samples. The percentage of biofilm reduction was 30%. In conclusion, the incorporation of vanillin to self-curing orthodontic PMMA resin could significantly inhibit biofilm formation ofS. mutans. Using this PMMA resin, removable orthodontic appliances with antimicrobial property can be applied to prevent dental caries or tooth demineralization in orthodontic patients.

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Salivary levels of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli and other salivary indices in patients wearing clear aligners versus fixed orthodontic appliances: An observational study

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0228798 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. e0228798 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Stefano Mummolo ◽

Alessandro Nota ◽

Francesca Albani ◽

Enrico Marchetti ◽

Roberto Gatto ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Observational Study ◽

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances

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The Effect of Gargling with Aqueous Extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the Oral Hygiene Status of Patients Wearing Fixed Orthodontic Appliance: A Clinical Study

Iraqi Dental Journal ◽

10.46466/idj.v40i1.135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 40 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Munad Jihad Al duliamy

Keyword(s):

Streptococcus Mutans ◽

Aqueous Extract ◽

Oral Hygiene ◽

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Taraxacum Officinale ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Tooth Cleaning ◽

Fixed Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Wide Range ◽

Fixed Appliances

Background: During the course of fixed orthodontic therapy, it is difficult to maintain high standard oral hygiene care by mechanical tooth cleaning only. Therefore, mouthwashes are commonly used as adjunct for mechanical tooth cleaning. Most of the mouthwashes are chemicals and have a wide range of side effects. Plant extracts have stood the test of time as safe inexpensive and available remedy for providing general health care. Objective: The present study attempted to evaluate the efficacy of gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) on the oral hygiene status of patients wearing fixed orthodontic appliances. Methods: Eleven male patients undergoing orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances were recruited in the study. All patients were given the same oral hygiene regimen during the study period. Clinical evaluation of OPI (orthodontic plaque index) and salivary streptococcus mutans count were recorded at the first activation visit (three weeks after placement of the orthodontic appliances) which considered the baseline visit and after one week of gargling with the extract. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS (version 21) using Paired Samples t-test. Result: The results of the statistical analysis revealed that, there were highly significant reductions in both OPI and salivary streptococcus mutans count after one week gargling with aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale). Conclusion: The present finding concluded that, aqueous extract of Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) could be use as a promising ingredient in manufacturing mouthwashs and other dental supplies that contribute in maintaining good oral hygiene during the course of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances.

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Did you know? A question and answer dialogue for the orofacial myologist

International Journal of Orofacial Myology ◽

10.52010/ijom.2009.35.1.1 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 5-17

Author(s):

Robert Mason ◽

◽

Ellen Role

Keyword(s):

Orthodontic Treatment ◽

Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Myofunctional Therapy ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Temporary Anchorage Devices ◽

Question And Answer ◽

Dental Profession ◽

Removable Orthodontic Appliances ◽

Rest Posture ◽

Answer Format

This article addresses selected concepts and procedures related to orofacial myology in a question and answer format. Topics include tongue-tip placement for swallowing; a masseter-contraction swallow; temporary anchorage devices utilized in orthodontic treatment; relapse following orthodontic treatment; some advantages and disadvantages of fixed and removable orthodontic appliances; the extraction of teeth in orthodontic treatment; posterior and anterior crossbite considerations; and the importance of recasting the emphasis and focus of myofunctional therapy to orofacial rest posture therapy. In addition, this article promotes projects that orofacial myologists and orthodontists can mutually undertake to assist in advancing the data base regarding orofacial myofunctional disorders, thereby serving to enhance the reputation and value of orofacial myofunctional therapy within the dental profession.

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