Evaluation of trabecular bone changes in patients with periodontitis using fractal analysis: A periapical radiography study

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (7) ◽  
pp. 933-937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceren Aktuna Belgin ◽  
Gozde Serindere
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Periapical Radiography

scholarly journals Application of Fractal Analysis in Detecting Trabecular Bone Changes in Periapical Radiograph of Patients with Periodontitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Parisa Soltani ◽  
Sajad Sami ◽  
Jaber Yaghini ◽  
Ehsan Golkar ◽  
Francesco Riccitiello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Clinical Attachment Loss ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attachment Loss ◽  
Severe Periodontitis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Changes

Introduction. Evaluation of detailed features of the supporting bone is an important step in diagnosis and treatment planning for teeth with clinical attachment loss. Fractal analysis can be used as a method for evaluating the complexity of trabecular bone structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the trabecular bone changes in periapical radiographs of patients with different stages of periodontitis using fractal analysis. Methods. This comparative cross-sectional study was performed on patients with and without clinical attachment loss in mandibular first molars. Teeth with clinical attachment loss were divided into mild, moderate, and severe periodontitis groups. Digital periapical radiographs were obtained from the mandibular first molars using the same exposure parameters. DICOM file of the radiographs was exported to ImageJ software for fractal analysis. Three regions of interest (ROIs) were considered in each radiograph: two proximal ROIs mesial and distal to the mandibular first molar and one apical ROI. Fractal dimension (FD) values were calculated using the fractal box counting approach. Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann–Whitney test, intraclass correlation coefficient, and ANOVA (α = 0.05). Results. FD values were significantly different between moderate and severe periodontitis and healthy periodontal bone ( P < 0.05 ), except for the distal ROI for moderate periodontitis cases ( P = 0.280 ). However, FD values of the supporting bone in periodontally healthy teeth and teeth with mild periodontitis did not show a statistically significant difference ( P > 0.05 ). Conclusion. Fractal analysis is a useful tool for evaluation of bone alterations in moderate and severe periodontitis, but was not able to detect the most initial radiographic bone signs of mild periodontitis.

Fractal analysis of the trabecular bone pattern in the presence/Absence of Metal Artifact Producing Objects: Comparison of Cone-Beam Computed Tomography with Panoramic and Periapical Radiography

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200559
Author(s):  
Bardia Vadiati Saberi ◽  
Negar Khosravifard ◽  
Kowsar Nooshmand ◽  
Zahra Dalili Kajan ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Ghaffari
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cone Beam Computed Tomography ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Cone Beam ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Periapical Radiography

Objectives: The effect of metallic objects on the fractal dimension (FD), bone area fraction (BAF) and gray scale values (GSVs) of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images was assessed. Also, FD, BAF, and GSV were compared among CBCT, digital periapical, and panoramic radiographies. Methods: Digital periapical and panoramic radiographs were acquired from six blocks of bovine rib. Additionally, different arrangements of titanium implants and intracanal metallic posts were created in the bone blocks and CBCT scans were taken from the different implant-root arrangements. The three radiographic modalities were compared by analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons between the modalities were performed by the Tukey test (significance level set at 0.05). Results: Different root- implant arrangements in the CBCT images revealed no significant differences in the FD (p = 0.920), BAF and GSV values (p = 0.623). FD differed significantly among the three modalities (p < 0.001). Significant differences were found between CBCT and each of the periapical and panoramic techniques (p < 0.001), while no remarkable differences were observed in the FD of the periapical and panoramic images (p = 0.294). BAF and GSV showed significantly different results among the three radiographic techniques (p < 0.001). The difference was remarkable between CBCT and periapical (p < 0.001), CBCT and panoramic (p < 0.001), and periapical and panoramic (p = 0.008). Conclusion: Presence of titanium implants and intracanal posts does not produce different results in the fractal analysis (FA) of the CBCT images. The trabecular bone pattern is best assessed by FA of the periapical radiographs followed by the panoramic and CBCT techniques, respectively.

scholarly journals POS1092 SUBCHONDRAL BONE NORMALIZATION AFTER KNEE JOINT DISTRACTION TREATMENT AS MEASURED WITH CT

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 825.2-826
Author(s):  
M. Jansen ◽  
A. Ooms ◽  
T. D. Turmezei ◽  
J. W. Mackay ◽  
S. Mastbergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Cortical Bone ◽  
Subchondral Bone ◽  
Trabecular Bone Density ◽  
Bone Thickness ◽  
Cortical Bone Thickness ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
One Year ◽  
Shape Changes

Background:In addition to cartilage degeneration, knee osteoarthritis (OA) causes bone changes, including cortical bone thickening, subchondral bone density decrease, and bone shape changes as a result of widening and flattening condyles and osteophyte formation. Knee joint distraction (KJD) is a joint-preserving treatment for younger (<65 years) knee OA patients that has been shown to reverse OA cartilage degradation. On radiographs, KJD showed a decrease in subchondral bone density and an increase in osteophyte formation. However, these bone changes have never been evaluated with a 3D imaging technique.Objectives:To evaluate cortical bone thickness, subchondral trabecular bone density, and bone shape on CT scans before and one year after KJD treatment.Methods:19 KJD patients were included in an extended imaging protocol, undergoing a CT scan before and one year after treatment. Stradview v6.0 was used for semi-automatic tibia and femur segmentation from axial thin-slice (0.45mm) CT scans. Cortical bone thickness (mm) and trabecular bone density (Hounsfield units, HU) were measured with an automated algorithm. Osteophytes were excluded. Afterwards, wxRegSurf v18 was used for surface registration. Registration data was used for bone shape measurements. MATLAB R2020a and the SurfStat MATLAB package were used for data analysis and visualization. Two-tailed F-tests were used to calculate changes over time. Two separate linear regression models were used to show the influence of baseline Kellgren-Lawrence grade and sex on the changes over time. Statistical significance was calculated with statistical parametric mapping; a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Bone shape changes were explored visually using vertex by vertex displacements between baseline and follow-up. Patients were separated into two groups based on whether their most affected compartment (MAC) was medial or lateral. Only patients with axial CT scans at both time points available for analysis were included for evaluation.Results:3 Patients did not have complete CTs and in 1 patient the imaged femur was too short, leaving 16 patients for tibial analyses and 15 patients for femoral analyses. The MAC was predominantly the medial side (medial MAC n=14; lateral n=2). Before treatment, the MAC cortical bone was compared to the rest of the joint (Figure 1). One year after treatment, MAC cortical thickness decreased, although this decrease of up to approximately 0.25 mm was not statistically significant. The trabecular bone density was also higher before treatment in the MAC, and a decrease was seen throughout the entire joint, although statistically significant only for small areas on mostly the MAC where this decrease was up to approximately 80 HU (Figure 1). Female patients and patients with a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade showed a somewhat larger decrease in cortical bone thickness. Trabecular density decreased less for patients with a higher Kellgren-Lawrence grade, and female patients showed a higher density decrease interiorly while male patients showed a higher decrease exteriorly. None of this was statistically significant. The central areas of both compartments showed an outward shape change, while the outer ring showed inward changes.Conclusion:MAC cortical bone thickness shows a partial decrease after KJD. Trabecular bone density decreased on both sides of the joint, likely as a direct result of the bicompartmental unloading. For both subchondral bone parameters, MAC values became more similar to the LAC, indicating (partial) subchondral bone normalization in the most affected parts of the joint. The bone shape changes may indicate a reversal of typical OA changes, although the inward difference that was seen on the outer edges may be a result of osteophyte-related changes that might have affected the bone segmentation. In conclusion, KJD treatment shows subchondral bone normalization in the first year after treatment, and longer follow-up might show whether these changes are a temporary result of joint unloading or indicate more prolonged bone changes.Disclosure of Interests:None declared.

scholarly journals Fractal Analysis of Radiographic Trabecular Bone Texture and Bone Mineral Density: Two Complementary Parameters Related to Osteoporotic Fractures

2001 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 697-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Benhamou ◽  
S. Poupon ◽  
E. Lespessailles ◽  
S. Loiseau ◽  
R. Jennane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Osteoporotic Fractures ◽  
Mineral Density

Heterogeneity of Cortical Breaks in Hand Joints of Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis and Healthy Controls Imaged by High-resolution Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (10) ◽  
pp. 1914-1920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Scharmga ◽  
Michiel Peters ◽  
Astrid van Tubergen ◽  
Joop van den Bergh ◽  
Cheryl Barnabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Poor Prognostic Factor ◽  
Bone Erosions ◽  
Bone Changes

Objective.Conventional radiographs (CR) of the hands are the gold standard for imaging bone erosions. The presence of bone erosions, reflected by the presence of cortical breaks, is a poor prognostic factor in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The availability of high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography (HR-pQCT) enables detailed investigation of cortical breaks in rheumatic diseases. The aim of this image review is to show HR-pQCT images of the spectrum of cortical breaks with and without underlying trabecular bone changes in metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joints of healthy controls (HC) and patients with RA, with corresponding images on CR and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).Methods.Second and third MCP joints of 41 patients (of which 10 were early RA with ≤ 2 years and 24 longstanding RA with ≥ 10 years of disease duration) and 38 HC were imaged by CR, MRI, and HR-pQCT (XtremeCT1, Scanco Medical AG). Representative images of the spectrum of cortical breaks were selected.Results.Cortical breaks were found in early and longstanding RA, but also in HC. They were heterogeneous in size, location, and number per joint, with a variety of surrounding cortical and underlying trabecular bone characteristics.Conclusion.Using HR-pQCT images of MCP joints, heterogeneous cortical breaks with and without surrounding trabecular bone changes were found, not only in RA but also in HC. The underlying mechanisms and significance of this spectrum of cortical breaks as found with high 3-D resolution needs further investigation.

In vivoassessment of trabecular bone structure using fractal analysis of distal radius radiographs

2000 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 2594-2599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharmila Majumdar ◽  
Thomas M. Link ◽  
Jacob Millard ◽  
John C. Lin ◽  
Peter Augat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Trabecular Bone Structure

Proton pump inhibitors and mandibular bone quality: A preliminary study

2021 ◽  
pp. 20200505
Author(s):  
Aykağan Coşgunarslan ◽  
Emin Murat Canger ◽  
Damla Soydan Çabuk
Keyword(s):  
Proton Pump Inhibitors ◽  
Proton Pump ◽  
Fractal Analysis ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Mental Foramen ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Bone Changes

Objectives: Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) provide a long-lasting anti-acidic effect by inhibiting the proton pump, and they are one of the most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. PPIs adversely affect the bone structure via deficiency of vitamins and minerals. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible PPI-induced bone changes in the mandible on panoramic radiographs with the methods of fractal analysis and panoramic morphometric indices. Methods: Panoramic radiographs of 402 patients were used (201 PPI users, 201 control group). Fractal analysis was performed on 4 regions of interests (ROI): 1- upper part of the ramus, 2- angulus, 3- anterior of the mental foramen, 4- distal of the middle ramus. Also, the panoramic mandibular index (PMI), mandibular cortical width (MCW), and Klemetti index (KI) were performed on radiographs. Results: There were significant differences in terms of ROI3, MCW, and KI between the control and study groups (p < 0.05) while there was no significant difference for ROI1, ROI2, ROI4, and PMI (p > 0.05). Males were severely affected than females. Conclusions: Osteoporotic changes were detected in the trabecular and cortical bone in the mental foramen region in PPI users with fractal analysis and morphometric indices, while there were no differences for mandibular ramus and angulus regions according to fractal analysis.

Bone Biology

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Trabecular Bone ◽  
Bone Remodeling ◽  
Calcium Homeostasis ◽  
Bone Biology ◽  
Diarthrodial Joint ◽  
Bone Damage ◽  
Bone Changes ◽  
Cartilage Cells ◽  
Wolff’S Law ◽  
Haversian System

This chapter introduces readers to the basics of understanding bone’s functions, which include calcium homeostasis and enabling movement, bone’s components, such as the collagen, and bone’s organization, such as the Haversian system found in cortical bone. The focus of this chapter is on explaining concepts of bone remodeling, which is thought to prevent fractures and other bone damage, and repair, which can take place at macro-levels and micro-levels. Wolff’s Law of bone remodeling, which was initially focused on trabecular bone changes, is discussed in terms of bone’s response to forces that result in strains and stresses. Finally, diarthrodial joint remodeling and repair are discussed; cartilage cells were once thought to be static, yet now they are known to also respond to stresses.

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