Improvement in arm and post-partum abdominal and flank subcutaneous fat deposits and skin laxity using a bipolar radiofrequency, infrared, vacuum and mechanical massage device

SUMMARYThe importance of the different adipose deposits with respect to the total dissectible fatty tissue in growing rabbits and lambs was studied. Development of the subcutaneous fat in the lamb is late and occurs after birth. In contrast, the internal types of fat, such as the perirenal and pelvic fat, represent at birth an important percentage of the total fat. They tend to lose part of their relative importance between 0 and 250 days after birth. In the rabbit the situation concerning the development of subcutaneous and perirenal fat is inverted. For both species the intermuscular fat remains almost constant in relative importance during the whole growth period.After the period required for the establishment of the different fat deposits, we could observe in lambs, and to a smaller degree in rabbits, a relative growth which tends to become isometric with regard to the total fat deposits.

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Body fat distribution and metabolic consequences — Examination opportunities in dogs

Acta Veterinaria Hungarica ◽

10.1556/avet.2013.057 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 62 (2) ◽

pp. 169-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Linda Müller ◽

Eszter Kollár ◽

Lajos Balogh ◽

Zita Pöstényi ◽

Teréz Márián ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Body Fat ◽

Regional Distribution ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Metabolic Status ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Body Regions ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

The Relationship ◽

Fat Volume

The relationship between metabolic disorders and the distribution of fat in different body regions is not clearly understood in humans. The aim of this study was to develop a suitable method for assessing the regional distribution of fat deposits and their metabolic effects in dogs. Twenty-five dogs were subjected to computed tomographic (CT) imaging and blood sampling in order to characterise their metabolic status. The different fat areas were measured on a cross-sectional scan, and the animals’ metabolic status was evaluated by measuring fasting glucose, insulin and leptin levels. The volume of visceral adipose tissue is the main determinant of leptin levels. The correlation of visceral fat volume and leptin concentration was found to be independent of insulin levels or the degree of insulin resistance. There was a positive correlation between the visceral to subcutaneous fat volume ratio and serum insulin concentration, and a similar trend was observed in the relationship of fat ratio and insulin resistance. The distribution of body fat essentially influences the metabolic parameters in dogs, but the effects of adiposity differ between humans and dogs. The findings can facilitate a possible extrapolation of results from animal studies to humans with regard to the metabolic consequences of different obesity types.

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Improvement in arm skin laxity and fat deposit using a novel bipolar radiofrequency, infrared, vacuum and mechanical massage device

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology ◽

10.1016/j.jaad.2009.11.574 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. AB148 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Keyword(s):

Skin Laxity ◽

Bipolar Radiofrequency

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Abstract 13062: Epicardial Fat Associates With Endothelial Dysfunction, but Not With Coronary Calcium Score: From the Elsa-brasil Cohort Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.142.suppl_3.13062 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 142 (Suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Karina P Martins ◽

Sandhi Barreto ◽

Daniel Bos ◽

JESIANA PEDROSA ◽

Douglas Mesquita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Coronary Artery ◽

Endothelial Dysfunction ◽

Endothelial Function ◽

Cardiovascular Risk Factors ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Epicardial Fat ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Multivariable Analyses

Introduction: Epicardial fat has been related to coronary artery disease (CAD) independent of visceral or subcutaneous fat. The mechanism responsible for this association has not yet been elucidated. Our objective was to evaluate the association between automatically measured epicardial fat volume (EFV), cardiovascular risk factors, coronary artery calcium (CAC) and endothelial function in participants of ELSA-Brasil. Methods and Results: The sample comprised 470 (mean age 55± 8y, 52.3% men) participants from ELSA-MG, one of the Investigation Centers of the cohort, who had valid computed tomography scans and endothelial function evaluated by peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT). The mean EFV was 111 (IQ 86-144) mL. CAC=0 was detected in 55% of participants. In the multivariable analyses between cardiovascular risk factors and EFV, the following associations were observed with higher EFV: female sex; and increased age, waist circumference and triglycerides (p <0.001 for all). In multivariable analyses, higher EFV remained associated with worse endothelial function - basal pulse amplitude (q2=1.22, CI95% 1.07-1.40, p=0.004; q3=1.50, CI95% 1.30-1.74, p<0.001; q4=1.50, CI95% 1.28-1.79, p<0.001) and PAT ratio (q2=0.87, CI95% 0.81-0.95, p<0.001; q3=0.86, CI95% 0.79-0.94, p<0.001; q4=0.80, CI95% 0.73-0.89, p<0.001), but not with CAC. Conclusions: Higher EFV was associated with impaired endothelial function, but not with higher CAC. Our results suggest that the mechanism by which epicardial fat deposits relates to CAD may be different from the pathway of CAC, which relates to calcified plaques. A possible mechanism may be through the enhancement of endothelial dysfunction, microvascular disease and predominantly lipidic non-calcified plaques.

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Genetic explanations 2: adaptations in body size, shape, and composition

Epidemic of Cardiovascular Disease and Diabetes ◽

10.1093/med/9780198833246.003.0003 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 58-74

Author(s):

Raj S. Bhopal

Keyword(s):

South Asians ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Distribution ◽

Lower Limbs ◽

Skeletal Structure ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Evolutionary Forces ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Central Fat ◽

Small Muscle

Central body fat has been shown to be metabolically harmful while peripheral fat is neutral or even beneficial. The adipose tissue (compartment) overflow and the variable disease selection hypotheses aim to explain why South Asians tend to central adiposity. The former proposes it results from a small superficial subcutaneous fat compartment especially in the lower limbs, so excess energy is deposited as fat in central compartments. The evolutionary forces for this are presumed to be climatic. The latter proposes central fat deposits in South Asians are an evolutionary adaptation to combat gastrointestinal infections. South Asians’ also have small muscle mass, and small hips, for which there are no well-defined hypotheses. The small size at birth of South Asians may be relevant to all these observations. These differences in fat distribution, muscle and skeletal structure could explain a tendency to central (apple-shaped) obesity than generalized or peripheral obesity (pear-shaped).

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Stunted girls have greater subcutaneous fat deposits: what type of intervention can improve the health of stunted children?

Nutrition ◽

10.1016/j.nut.2005.07.001 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 21 (11-12) ◽

pp. 1153-1155

Author(s):

Herculina Salome Kruger

Keyword(s):

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Fat Deposits

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Breast-milk fat concentrations of rural African women

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19810128 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 495-503 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

Ann Prentice ◽

A. M. Prentice ◽

R. G. Whitehead

Keyword(s):

Breast Milk ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Constant Level ◽

African Women ◽

First Year ◽

Stage Of Lactation ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Milk Output

1. Long-term variations in breast-milk fat concentration of mothers feeding on demand were studied in 120 rural West African women over a 12-month period.2. The over-all mean 12 h breast-milk fat concentration was 39.3 g/l.3. Mean breast-milk fat concentrations were affected by season in a manner which was correlated with seasonal changes in maternal subcutaneous fat stores (P> 0.05) but which was unrelated to seasonal variations in maternal energy intake and breast-milk output.4. Breast-milk fat concentrations were highest in early lactation, decreasing to a constant level during the first year.5. There was significantly greater between-mother than within-mother variation in breast-milk fat concentrations measured in successive months, after correcting for season and stage of lactation (P> 0.001).6. Breast-milk fat concentrations were highest for primiparous mothers, decreasing to a constant level at parity 4 and higher.7. A mother's relative breast-milk fat concentration was not correlated with her levels of dietary energy intake and breast-milk output but was positively correlated with her relative subcutaneous fat deposits (P> 0.01).

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Responses of Bushmen and Europeans on exposure to winter night temperatures in the Kalahari

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1960.15.4.667 ◽

1960 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 667-670 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Joan S. Ward ◽

G. A. C. Bredell ◽

H. G. Wenzel

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Consumption ◽

Metabolic Rate ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Similar Data ◽

Australian Aborigines ◽

Cold Response ◽

Kalahari Desert ◽

Air Temperatures ◽

Fat Deposits ◽

Skin Temperatures

Eight Bushmen and five Europeans were exposed during winter nights in the Kalahari desert to temperatures ranging from about 27°C to 2°C. Oxygen consumption and skin and rectal temperatures were measured over the period of 1frac12–2 hours of exposure. Comparison of increased metabolic rate with decreasing air temperatures measured in this study is made with similar data on young Norwegians. Bushmen and Europeans respond in a similar manner metabolically to the degree of cold stress experienced. Skin temperatures of the former tend to be lower and metabolism greater than in Europeans. The lower metabolic rate of Europeans is concluded to be due to the greater insulation afforded by their considerably larger subcutaneous fat deposits. These findings on the cold response of Bushmen contrast with those on Australian aborigines in comparable environmental conditions. Submitted on January 4, 1960

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Fatty acid composition of adipose tissue of Jersey cattle during growth and development

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600062432 ◽

1975 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 551-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

W. M. F. Leat

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Stearic Acid ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽

Post Partum ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Jersey Cattle ◽

Serial Samples ◽

Perinephric Fat

SUMMARYThe effect of age on the fatty acid composition of depot fat of Jersey cattle has been investigated. Serial samples of subcutaneous fat were obtained by biopsy of the same animals from 3 months to 2 years of age. Samples of depot fat were also obtained from various anatomical locations of animals slaughtered between birth and 11 years of age.In subcutaneous fat at biopsy the percentage stearic acid remained constant to 1 year of age and then declined from 20% to 5% during the period 1–2 years post partum.In perinephric fat the stearic acid content increased from 10–15% at birth to 40% at 1 year of age, and then declined during the period 1–2 years post partum.Changes in the percentage stearic acid above the 10% level were accompanied by inverse change in octadecenoic (C18:1) acid, and below 10% mainly by change in hexadecenoic (C16:l) acid.There was a gradient of unsaturation between subcutaneous and internal body fats, and also within the subcutaneous fat itself.Evidence is presented to suggest that the decrease in the unsaturation of depot fat during the period 1–2 years post partum is associated with the deposition of more unsaturated fatty acids during the fattening phase of development.

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