Analysing heat exposure in two German cities by using meteorological data from both within and outside the urban area

AbstractThe aim of this paper is to determine the contemporary differences in the inflow of global solar radiation in Warsaw (urban station) and Belsk (rural station). The meteorological data used comprised daily sums of global solar radiation (in MJ•m−2) and the duration of sunshine (in hours) for the period 2008 2014. On clear days in spring and summer, the rural area receives more solar radiation in comparison to the urban area, whereas in autumn a reverse relationship occurs. On cloudy days in all seasons, the rural area receives more solar radiation than the urban area, and the relationship is the strongest in winter. Differences between urban and rural areas on cloudy days are smaller than those observed on clear days.

Download Full-text

Risk Mapping of Anopheles gambiae s.l. Densities Using Remotely-Sensed Environmental and Meteorological Data in an Urban Area: Dakar, Senegal

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0050674 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. e50674 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Vanessa Machault ◽

Cécile Vignolles ◽

Frédéric Pagès ◽

Libasse Gadiaga ◽

Yves M. Tourre ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Anopheles Gambiae ◽

Urban Area ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Remotely Sensed ◽

Risk Mapping ◽

Anopheles Gambiae S.L

Download Full-text

Relationship between City Size, Coastal Land Use, and Summer Daytime Air Temperature Rise with Distance from Coast

Climate ◽

10.3390/cli6040084 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 84

Author(s):

Hideki Takebayashi ◽

Takahiro Tanaka ◽

Masakazu Moriyama ◽

Hironori Watanabe ◽

Hiroshi Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Rise ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

The Other ◽

City Size ◽

Coastal Land Use ◽

German Cities ◽

Coastal Land

The relationship between city size, coastal land use, and air temperature rise with distance from coast during summer day is analyzed using the meso-scale weather research and forecasting (WRF) model in five coastal cities in Japan with different sizes and coastal land use (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Hiroshima, and Sendai) and inland cities in Germany (Berlin, Essen, and Karlsruhe). Air temperature increased as distance from the coast increased, reached its maximum, and then decreased slightly. In Nagoya and Sendai, the amount of urban land use in coastal areas is less than the other three cities, where air temperature is a little lower. As a result, air temperature difference between coastal and inland urban area is small and the curve of air temperature rise is smaller than those in Tokyo and Osaka. In Sendai, air temperature in the inland urban area is the same as in the other cities, but air temperature in the coastal urban area is a little lower than the other cities, due to an approximate one degree lower sea surface temperature being influenced by the latitude. In three German cities, the urban boundary layer may not develop sufficiently because the fetch distance is not enough.

Download Full-text

Black carbon concentration trends in Helsinki during 1996–2005

Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions ◽

10.5194/acpd-7-14265-2007 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 14265-14294 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

L. Järvi ◽

H. Junninen ◽

A. Karppinen ◽

R. Hillamo ◽

A. Virkkula ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Wind Speed ◽

Multiple Regression Analysis ◽

Black Carbon ◽

Urban Area ◽

Carbon Concentration ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Mixing Height ◽

The Third ◽

Made In

Abstract. The black carbon (BC) concentration trends were studied during ten years in Helsinki, Finland. Measurements were made in three campaigns between 1996 and 2005 at an urban area locating two kilometres from the centre of Helsinki. The first campaign was from November 1996 to June 1997, the second from September 2000 to May 2001 and the third from March 2004 to October 2005. In this study, only data from winter and spring months was analysed. The effect of traffic and meteorological variables on the measured BC concentrations was studied by means of a multiple regression analysis, where the meteorological data was obtained from a meteorological pre-processing model (MPP-FMI). During the ten years, the campaign median BC concentrations were found to decrease slightly from 1.11 to 1.00 μg m−3. The lowest campaign median concentration (0.93 μg m−3) was measured during the second campaign in 2000–2001, when also the lowest traffic rates were measured. The strongest decrease between campaigns 1 and 3 was observed during weekday daytimes, when the traffic rates are highest. The variables affecting the measured BC concentrations most were traffic, wind speed and mixing height. On weekdays, traffic had clearly the most important influence and on weekends the effect of wind speed diluted the effect of traffic. The affecting variables and their influence on the BC concentration were similar in winter and spring. The separate examination of the three campaigns showed that the effect of traffic on the BC concentrations had decreased during the studied years. This reduction was caused by cleaner emissions from vehicles, since between years 1996 and 2005 the traffic rates had increased. A rough estimate gave that vehicle number-scaled BC mass concentrations have decreased from 0.0028 to 0.0020 μg m−3 between campaigns 1 and 3.

Download Full-text

Heat Exposure and Injury Risk in Washington State Outdoor Construction Workers: A Case-Crossover Study Using High Resolution Meteorological Data and Workers' Compensation Injury Claims

ISEE Conference Abstracts ◽

10.1289/isesisee.2018.o01.03.38 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Miriam Calkins ◽

Dave Bonauto ◽

Anjum Hajat ◽

Max Lieblich ◽

Noah Seixas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

High Resolution ◽

Crossover Study ◽

Injury Risk ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Washington State ◽

Construction Workers ◽

Workers Compensation ◽

Case Crossover

Download Full-text

Quantifying the Influences of PM2.5 and Relative Humidity on Change of Atmospheric Visibility over Recent Winters in an Urban Area of East China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11050461 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (5) ◽

pp. 461

Author(s):

Xiaoyun Sun ◽

Tianliang Zhao ◽

Duanyang Liu ◽

Sunling Gong ◽

Jiaping Xu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Relative Humidity ◽

Urban Area ◽

East Asian Monsoon ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Meteorological Condition ◽

East China ◽

Ambient Atmosphere ◽

Natural Factor ◽

Asian Monsoon Region ◽

Atmospheric Visibility

Fine particulate matters (PM2.5) and relative humidity (RH) in the ambient atmosphere are the leading anthropogenic and natural factors changing atmospheric horizontal visibility. Based on the analysis of environmental and meteorological data observed over 2013–2019 in Nanjing, an urban area in East China, this study investigated the influences of PM2.5 and RH on atmospheric visibility changes over recent years. The visibility had significantly negative correlations with the PM2.5 concentrations and RH changes. The nonlinear relationships existed between PM2.5 concentrations and visibility, as well as between RH and visibility, with the inflection points in the atmospheric visibility changes. The PM2.5 inflection concentrations were 81.0 μg m−3, 76.0 μg m−3, 49.0 μg m−3, and 33.0 μg m−3, respectively, for the RH ranges of RH < 60%, 60% ≤ RH < 80%, 80% ≤ RH < 90%, and RH ≥ 90%, indicating that the improvement of visibility with reducing PM2.5 concentrations could be more difficult under the humid meteorological condition. The visibility changes were most sensitive to PM2.5 concentrations in the RH range of 60–80% in this urban area of East China. The relative contributions of natural factor RH and anthropogenic factor PM2.5 to variations of wintertime atmospheric visibility were quantified with 54.3% and 45.7%, respectively, revealing an important role of natural factor RH in the change of atmospheric visibility in the urban area of East Asian monsoon region.

Download Full-text

Relationship between City Size, Coastal Land Use and Summer Daytime Air Temperature Rise with Distance from Coast

10.20944/preprints201809.0335.v1 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Hideki Takebayashi ◽

Takahiro Tanaka ◽

Masakazu Moriyama ◽

Hironori Watanabe ◽

Hiroshi Miyazaki ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Urban Area ◽

Air Temperature ◽

Temperature Rise ◽

Urban Land Use ◽

The Other ◽

City Size ◽

Coastal Land Use ◽

German Cities ◽

Coastal Land

The relationship between city size, coastal land use and air temperature rise with distance from coast during summer day is analyzed using the meso-scale Weather Research & Forecasting (WRF) model in five coastal cities in Japan with different sizes and coastal land use (Tokyo, Osaka, Nagoya, Hiroshima and Sendai) and inland cities in Germany (Berlin, Essen and Karlsruhe). Air temperature increased as distance from the coast increased, reached its maximum, and then decreased slightly. In Nagoya and Sendai, the number of urban land use in coastal areas is less than the other three cities, where air temperature is a little lower. As a result, air temperature difference between coastal and inland urban area is small and the curve of air temperature rise is smaller than those in Tokyo and Osaka. In Sendai, air temperature in the inland urban area is the same as in the other cities, but air temperature in the coastal urban area is a little lower than the other cities, due to about one degree lower sea surface temperature influenced by the latitude. In three German cities, the urban boundary layer may not develop sufficiently because the fetch distance is not enough.

Download Full-text

Observed Changes in Agroclimate Metrics Relevant for Specialty Crop Production in California

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy12010205 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 205

Author(s):

Lauren E. Parker ◽

Ning Zhang ◽

John T. Abatzoglou ◽

Steven M. Ostoja ◽

Tapan B. Pathak

Keyword(s):

Crop Production ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Central Valley ◽

Relevant Information ◽

Agricultural Producers ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Specialty Crop ◽

Agricultural Water Resources ◽

Frost Free Period

Every decade, a suite of standardized climatological metrics known as climate normals are updated, providing averages of temperature and precipitation data over the previous 30-year period. Although some of these climate normals are directly applicable to agricultural producers, there are additional agroclimate metrics calculated from meteorological data that provide physiologically relevant information for on-farm management decisions. In this study, we identified a suite of energy-based agroclimate metrics and calculated changes over the two most recent normal periods (1981–2010 and 1991–2020), focusing on specialty crop production regions in California. Observed changes in agroclimate metrics were largely consistent with broader global warming trends. While most metrics showed small changes between the two periods, during the 1991–2020 period, the last spring freeze occurred ~5 days earlier as compared to the 1981-2010 period, contributing to a >6 day longer frost-free period in the Sacramento and Salinas Valleys; likewise an additional 6.4 tropical nights (Tn > 20 °C) occurred in the Coachella Valley during the 1991-2020 period. A complementary trend analysis of the agroclimate metrics over the 1981–2020 period showed significant increases in growing degree days across all agricultural regions, while significant increases in heat exposure were found for the Salinas and Imperial Valleys and over the Central Coast region. Moreover, summer reference evapotranspiration increased approximately 40 mm in California’s Central Valley during 1981–2020, with implications for agricultural water resources. Quantifying the shifts in these agroclimate metrics between the two most recent 30-year normal periods and the accompanying 40-year trends provides context for understanding and communicating around changing climatic baselines and underscores the need for adaptation to meet the challenge that climate change poses to agriculture both in the future and in the present.

Download Full-text

Attributable risks of hospitalizations for urologic diseases due to heat exposure in Queensland, Australia, 1995–2016

International Journal of Epidemiology ◽

10.1093/ije/dyab189 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Peng Lu ◽

Guoxin Xia ◽

Qi Zhao ◽

Donna Green ◽

Youn-Hee Lim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Renal Failure ◽

Hospital Admissions ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Scientific Information ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Climate Projections ◽

Urologic Diseases ◽

Hot Season ◽

Urologic Disease

Abstract Background Heat exposure is a risk factor for urologic diseases. However, there are limited existing studies that have examined the relationship between high temperatures and urologic disease. The aim of this study was to examine the associations between heat exposure and hospitalizations for urologic diseases in Queensland, Australia, during the hot seasons of 1995–2016 and to quantify the attributable risks. Methods We obtained 238 427 hospitalized cases with urologic diseases from Queensland Health between 1 December 1995 and 31 December 2016. Meteorological data were collected from the Scientific Information for Land Owners—a publicly accessible database of Australian climate data that provides daily data sets for a range of climate variables. A time-stratified, case-crossover design fitted with the conditional quasi-Poisson regression model was used to estimate the associations between temperature and hospitalizations for urologic diseases at the postcode level during each hot season (December–March). Attributable rates of hospitalizations for urologic disease due to heat exposure were calculated. Stratified analyses were performed by age, sex, climate zone, socio-economic factors and cause-specific urologic diseases. Results We found that a 1°C increase in temperature was associated with a 3.3% [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.9%, 3.7%] increase in hospitalization for the selected urologic diseases during the hot season. Hospitalizations for renal failure showed the strongest increase 5.88% (95% CI: 5.25%, 6.51%) among the specific causes of hospital admissions considered. Males and the elderly (≥60 years old) showed stronger associations with heat exposure than females and younger groups. The sex- and age-specific associations with heat exposure were similar across specific causes of urologic diseases. Overall, nearly one-fifth of hospitalizations for urologic diseases were attributable to heat exposure in Queensland. Conclusions Heat exposure is associated with increased hospitalizations for urologic disease in Queensland during the hot season. This finding reinforces the pressing need for dedicated public health-promotion campaigns that target susceptible populations, especially for those more predisposed to renal failure. Given that short-term climate projections identify an increase in the frequency, duration and intensity of heatwaves, this public health advisory will be of increasing urgency in coming years.

Download Full-text

Heat Exposure Information at Screen Level for an Impact-Based Forecasting and Warning Service for Heat-Wave Disasters

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos11090920 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (9) ◽

pp. 920

Author(s):

Chaeyeon Yi ◽

Hojin Yang

Keyword(s):

Heat Wave ◽

Spatial Resolution ◽

Forecast Error ◽

Meteorological Data ◽

Heat Exposure ◽

Gaussian Process Regression ◽

Working Hours ◽

Superior Performance ◽

Wave Impact ◽

Screen Level

The importance of impact-based forecasting services, which can support decision-making, is being emphasized to reduce the damage of meteorological disasters, centered around the World Meteorological Organization. The Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) began developing impact-based forecasting technology and warning services in 2018. This paper proposes statistical downscaling and bias correction methods for acquiring high-resolution meteorological data for the heat-wave impact forecast system operated by KMA. Hence, digital forecast data from KMA, with 5 km spatial resolution, were downscaled and corrected to a spatial resolution of 1 km using statistical interpolation methods. Cross-validation indicated the superior performance of the Gaussian process regression model (GPRM) technique with low root mean square error and percent bias values and high CC value. The GPRM technology had the lowest forecast error, especially during the hottest period in Korea. In addition, temperatures for land-use areas with low elevations and high activity, such as the urban, road, and agricultural areas, were high. It is essential to provide accurate heat exposure information at the screen level with high human activity. Spatiotemporally accurate heat exposure information can be used more realistically for risk management in agriculture, livestock and fishery, and for adjusting the working hours of outdoor workers in construction and shipbuilding.

Download Full-text