Mangiferin induces immune responses and evaluates the survival rate in WEHI ‐3 cell generated mouse leukemia in vivo

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85
Author(s):  
Hung‐Sheng Shang ◽  
Chiung‐Ju Chen ◽  
Yung‐Luen Shih ◽  
Shu‐Fen Peng ◽  
Yung‐Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mouse Leukemia

Cardamonin induces immune responses and enhances survival rate in WEHI‐3 cell–generated mouse leukemia in vivo

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-467
Author(s):  
Nien‐Chieh Liao ◽  
Yung‐Luen Shih ◽  
Ming‐Tak Ho ◽  
Tai‐Jung Lu ◽  
Ching‐Hsiao Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Mouse Leukemia

Casticin Promotes Immune Responses, Enhances Macrophage and NK Cell Activities, and Increases Survival Rates of Leukemia BALB/c Mice

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (01) ◽  
pp. 223-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang-Chi Lai ◽  
Hsu-Feng Lu ◽  
Kuen-Bao Chen ◽  
Shu-Ching Hsueh ◽  
Jing-Gung Chung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Spleen Weight ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Macrophage Phagocytosis ◽  
Body Weights

Casticin, derived from Fructus Viticis, has anticancer properties in many human cancer cells, however, there is no report to show that casticin promotes immune responses and affects the survival rate of leukemia mice in vivo. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of casticin on immune responses and the survival rate of WEHI-3 cells generated in leukemia mice in vivo. Animals were divided into six groups: normal control mice, leukemia control mice, mice treated with ATRA (all-trans retinoic acid), and casticin (0.1, 0.2, and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg) treated mice. All animals were treated for 14 days and then measured for body weights, total survival rate, cell markers, the weights of liver and spleen, phagocytosis of spleen cells, NK cell activities and cell proliferation. Results show that casticin did not affect animal appearances, however, it increased body weights and decreased the weights of liver at 0.2[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg treatment. Casticin also decreased spleen weight at 0.2[Formula: see text]mg/kg and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg treatment, increased CD3 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg doses and increased CD19 at 0.2[Formula: see text]mg/kg treatment but decreased CD11b and Mac-3 at 0.1, 0.2 and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg treatment. Casticin (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg) increased macrophage phagocytosis from PBMC (peripheral blood mononuclear cell) and peritoneal cavity. Furthermore, casticin increased NK cells’ cytotoxic activity and promoted T cell proliferation at 0.1–0.4[Formula: see text]mg/kg treatment with or without concanavalin A (Con A) stimulation, but only increased B cell proliferation at 0.1 mg/kg treatment. Based on these observations, casticin could be used as promoted immune responses in leukemia mice in vivo.

Tinospora cordifolia Aqueous Extract Alleviates Cyclophosphamide- Induced Immune Suppression, Toxicity and Systemic Candidiasis in Immunosuppressed Mice: In vivo Study in Comparison to Antifungal Drug Fluconazole

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 1055-1063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Alrumaihi ◽  
Khaled S. Allemailem ◽  
Ahmad Almatroudi ◽  
Mohammed A. Alsahli ◽  
Arif Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Survival Data ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Systemic Candidiasis ◽  
Organ Index ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Fungal Load ◽  
Enhanced Secretion

Objective: The present study was aimed to evaluate the effect of the aqueous extract of Tinospora cordifolia (AETC) against cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and systemic Candida albicans infection in a murine model. Methods: The protective effect of AETC against cyclophosphamide-induced leukopenia was evaluated by quantitative and qualitative analysis of the leukocytes. The immune-stimulating potential of AETC on macrophages was assessed by determining the levels of secreted cytokines. To determine the direct antifungal activity, AETC or fluconazole was administered to C. albicans infected mice. The efficacy of treatment was assessed by determining the survival rate, kidney fungal burden, the organ index and liver inflammation parameters. Results: Cyclophosphamide administration resulted in substantial depletion of leukocytes, whereas AETC treatment induced the recovery of leukocytes in cyclophosphamide-injected mice. Moreover, AETC treatment of macrophages resulted in enhanced secretion of IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-1β. C. albicans infected mice treated with AETC at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg exhibited 40% and 60% survival rate, whereas the mice treated with fluconazole at a dose of 50 mg/kg showed 20% survival rate. Like survival data, the fungal load was found to be the lowest in the kidney tissues of mice treated with AETC at a dose of 100 mg/kg. Interestingly, mice infected with C. albicans demonstrated improvement in the organ indices and liver functioning after AETC treatment. Conclusion: These results suggest that AETC may potentially be used to rejuvenate the weakened immune system and eliminate systemic candidiasis in mice.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

scholarly journals Lysosomotropic agents including azithromycin, chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine activate the integrated stress response

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai-Ling Tian ◽  
Qi Wu ◽  
Peng Liu ◽  
Liwei Zhao ◽  
Isabelle Martins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Initiation Factor ◽  
Integrated Stress Response ◽  
Serine Residue ◽  
Eif2α Phosphorylation ◽  
Lysosomotropic Agents ◽  
Cultured Human Cells

AbstractThe integrated stress response manifests with the phosphorylation of eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α) on serine residue 51 and plays a major role in the adaptation of cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress in the initiation of autophagy and in the ignition of immune responses. Here, we report that lysosomotropic agents, including azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine, can trigger eIF2α phosphorylation in vitro (in cultured human cells) and, as validated for hydroxychloroquine, in vivo (in mice). Cells bearing a non-phosphorylatable eIF2α mutant (S51A) failed to accumulate autophagic puncta in response to azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine. Conversely, two inhibitors of eIF2α dephosphorylation, nelfinavir and salubrinal, enhanced the induction of such autophagic puncta. Altogether, these results point to the unexpected capacity of azithromycin, chloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine to elicit the integrated stress response.

scholarly journals Bioactive Compounds from Herbal Medicine Targeting Multiple Myeloma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 4451
Author(s):  
Coralia Cotoraci ◽  
Alina Ciceu ◽  
Alciona Sasu ◽  
Eftimie Miutescu ◽  
Anca Hermenean
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Inhibition Of Proliferation ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Clonal Proliferation ◽  
Hematological Cancers ◽  
Monoclonal Proteins

Multiple myeloma (MM) is one of the most widespread hematological cancers. It is characterized by a clonal proliferation of malignant plasma cells in the bone marrow and by the overproduction of monoclonal proteins. In recent years, the survival rate of patients with multiple myeloma has increased significantly due to the use of transplanted stem cells and of the new therapeutic agents that have significantly increased the survival rate, but it still cannot be completely cured and therefore the development of new therapeutic products is needed. Moreover, many patients have various side effects and face the development of drug resistance to current therapies. The purpose of this review is to highlight the bioactive active compounds (flavonoids) and herbal extracts which target dysregulated signaling pathway in MM, assessed by in vitro and in vivo experiments or clinical studies, in order to explore their healing potential targeting multiple myeloma. Mechanistically, they demonstrated the ability to promote cell cycle blockage and apoptosis or autophagy in cancer cells, as well as inhibition of proliferation/migration/tumor progression, inhibition of angiogenesis in the tumor vascular network. Current research provides valuable new information about the ability of flavonoids to enhance the apoptotic effects of antineoplastic drugs, thus providing viable therapeutic options based on combining conventional and non-conventional therapies in MM therapeutic protocols.

scholarly journals In vivo evaluation of a recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase formulated in a hydrogel using a murine model infected with MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate, CCASUP2

AMB Express ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Masarra M. Sakr ◽  
Walid F. Elkhatib ◽  
Khaled M. Aboshanab ◽  
Eman M. Mantawy ◽  
Mahmoud A. Yassien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Histopathological Examination ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
In Vivo Evaluation ◽  
Systemic Spread

AbstractFailure in the treatment of P. aeruginosa, due to its broad spectrum of resistance, has been associated with increased patient mortality. One alternative approach for infection control is quorum quenching which was found to decrease virulence of such pathogen. In this study, the efficiency of a recombinant Ahl-1 lactonase formulated as a hydrogel was investigated to control the infection of multidrug resistant (MDR) P. aeruginosa infected burn using a murine model. The recombinant N-acylhomoserine lactonase (Ahl-1) was formulated as a hydrogel. To test its ability to control the infection of MDR P. aeruginosa, a thermal injury model was used. Survival rate, and systemic spread of the infection were evaluated. Histopathological examination of the animal dorsal skin was also done for monitoring the healing and cellular changes at the site of infection. Survival rate in the treated group was 100% relative to 40% in the control group. A decrease of up to 3 logs of bacterial count in the blood samples of the treated animals relative to the control group and a decrease of up to 4 logs and 2.3 logs of bacteria in lung and liver samples, respectively were observed. Histopathological examination revealed more enhanced healing process in the treated group. Accordingly, by promoting healing of infected MDR P. aeruginosa burn and by reducing systemic spread of the infection as well as decreasing mortality rate, Ahl-1 hydrogel application is a promising strategy that can be used to combat and control P. aeruginosa burn infections.

scholarly journals Neutrophil subtypes shape HIV-specific CD8 T-cell responses after vaccinia virus infection

npj Vaccines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Di Pilato ◽  
Miguel Palomino-Segura ◽  
Ernesto Mejías-Pérez ◽  
Carmen E. Gómez ◽  
Andrea Rubio-Ponce ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Adaptive Immune System ◽  
T Cell Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Cell Responses ◽  
Adaptive Immune

AbstractNeutrophils are innate immune cells involved in the elimination of pathogens and can also induce adaptive immune responses. Nα and Nβ neutrophils have been described with distinct in vitro capacity to generate antigen-specific CD8 T-cell responses. However, how these cell types exert their role in vivo and how manipulation of Nβ/Nα ratio influences vaccine-mediated immune responses are not known. In this study, we find that these neutrophil subtypes show distinct migratory and motility patterns and different ability to interact with CD8 T cells in the spleen following vaccinia virus (VACV) infection. Moreover, after analysis of adhesion, inflammatory, and migration markers, we observe that Nβ neutrophils overexpress the α4β1 integrin compared to Nα. Finally, by inhibiting α4β1 integrin, we increase the Nβ/Nα ratio and enhance CD8 T-cell responses to HIV VACV-delivered antigens. These findings provide significant advancements in the comprehension of neutrophil-based control of adaptive immune system and their relevance in vaccine design.

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