scholarly journals A Retrospective Assessment of Mortality from the London Smog Episode of 1952: The Role of Influenza and Pollution

Urban Ecology ◽  
2008 ◽  
pp. 263-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Micheile L. Bell ◽  
Devra L. Davis ◽  
Tony Fletcher
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Assessment

Archival description of cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department as a source for studying the activities of the railway police (1869–1916)

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Nikolay Petrykin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Russian Empire

We highlight the need to study the activities of gendarme police departments of railways on the basis of reliable sources and versatile approaches. We made a structural analysis of the archive inventory of the affairs of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department of the Moscow Gendarme Police Department of railways for the period of 1869–1916. The basic directions and some features of the organization of service of the gendarme railway police are revealed. A longitudinal study of the clerical work allowed us to see in the dynamics of meaningful practice, to identify the subjects of the system of relations between the railway gendarmes, their role and place in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire. In classifying cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department by the institutional criterion, a retrospective assessment of the activities of railway gendarmes was given. On the basis of the obtained statistical data, critical conclusions were drawn up about the social processes that took place in Russian society in the post-reform period. Studying the cases of the model department of one of the gendarme police departments of railways allowed to draw conclusions about the role of the railway gendarme police units of the lowest level in the overall implementation of police and special functions, including in solving administrative issues, interacting with various officials, employees of railways, citizens.

scholarly journals The Role of the Medical Expert in the Retrospective Assessment of Testamentary Capacity

2020 ◽  
pp. 070674372091500
Author(s):  
Kenneth Shulman ◽  
Nathan Herrmann ◽  
Hayley Peglar ◽  
Daniel Dochylo ◽  
Clare Burns ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Disorders ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Medical Expert ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Legal Perspective ◽  
Testamentary Capacity ◽  
Health Experts

Objectives: Physicians and other mental health experts are increasingly called on to assist the courts with the determination of testamentary capacity. We aim to improve the understanding of the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity for medical experts in order to provide more useful reports for the court’s determinations and to provide a methodology for the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity. Method: Medical experts with experience in the retrospective assessment of testamentary capacity collaborated with lawyers who practice estate litigation. The medical literature on the assessment of testamentary capacity was reviewed and integrated. The medical experts provided a clinical perspective, while the lawyers ensured that the case law and legal perspective were integrated into this review. Results: The focus and limitations of the medical expert are outlined including the need to be objective, nonpartisan, and fair. For the benefit of the court, the medical expert should describe the nature and severity of relevant medical, psychiatric, and cognitive disorders, and how they may impact on the specific criteria for testamentary capacity as defined by the leading case of Banks v Goodfellow. Medical experts should opine only on the issue of vulnerability to influence and defer to the court to determine the facts of the case regarding any influence that may have been exerted. Conclusions: Although the ultimate determination of testamentary capacity is a legal one, medical experts can help the court achieve the most informed legal decision by providing relevant information on clinical issues that may impact the criteria for testamentary capacity.

scholarly journals The role of endoscopic ultrasound and endoscopic resection for gastric glomus: A case series and literature review

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 149-154
Author(s):  
Jinlong Hu ◽  
Nan Ge ◽  
Sheng Wang ◽  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Jintao Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoscopic Resection ◽  
Endoscopic Ultrasound ◽  
Glomus Tumor ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Imaging Features ◽  
Submucosal Tumors ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Endoscopic Full Thickness Resection ◽  
Medical University

Abstract Background and Objectives Preoperative diagnosis of gastric glomus tumor is very difficult, and there are few reports regarding the endoscopic treatment of glomus tumor of the stomach. Our aim is to provide a retrospective assessment of the imaging features of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and treatment of choice of gastric glomus tumor. Methods A database of all patients with gastric glomus tumor who was treated at Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University between March 2011 and March 2017 was retrospectively analyzed. The EUS characteristics and patients’ clinical data as well as their treatment were reviewed. At the same time, we compared EUS characteristics of gastric glomus tumor with that of gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GISTs), leiomyomas, schwannomas, and ectopic pancreas. Results Eleven patients (3 male and 8 female patients) were included in the present study. The patients’ age ranged from 37 to 62 years (mean age, 50.1 years). Ten patients received EUS examination. Eight lesions were presented with mild-hyperechoic round or oval mass; one lesion was mild-hyperechoic oval mass with hypoechoic spots; one lesion was hypoechoic oval mass. One patient received endoscopic full-thickness resection; 3 patients were treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection; and laparoscopic resection was performed for 7 patients. Conclusions Gastric glomus has typical EUS features to differentiate from other submucosal tumors. Compared with surgery, endoscopic resection is also a safe and effective treatment of choice for gastric glomus tumor.

A retrospective assessment of the role of radiation in treatment of uterine carcinosarcoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 137 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
B.B. Mize ◽  
Y.C. Lee ◽  
J. Tolentino ◽  
A. Strasburger ◽  
G.M. Salame ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Carcinosarcoma ◽  
Retrospective Assessment

scholarly journals Bridging the Gap between Theory and Practice; the Active Role of Inpatient Pharmacists in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring

Pharmacy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abrar Alhameed ◽  
Sara Khansa ◽  
Hani Hasan ◽  
Sherine Ismail ◽  
Mohammed Aseeri
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Therapeutic Drug ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Mean Differences

Many hospitals face barriers in the implementation of TDM services, this study aimed to evaluate a pharmacist-led TDM service to optimize patients’ outcomes. Adult patients who were administered vancomycin, gentamicin, or amikacin were included. The pre-phase included a retrospective assessment of patients and the intervention phase consisted of an educational program. The post-phase assessed patients based on TDM services provided by inpatient pharmacists on a 24-h, 7-day basis for 3 months. The primary outcome was to assess the mean difference in proportion of correct initial doses of prescribing orders. Secondary outcomes included assessing the mean differences in proportions of correct dose adjustments and correct drug sampling time. Seventy-five patients in each phase were eligible. Patients who received optimal initial dosing in the post-phase showed a higher statistical significance, mean difference of 0.31, [95% CI (0.181–0.4438), p < 0.0001]. Patients in the post-phase received more optimal dose adjustments, mean difference of 0.1, [95% CI (−0.560–0.260), p = 0.2113]. Drug levels were ordered more correctly in the post-phase, mean difference of 0.03, [95% CI (−0.129–0.189), p = 0.7110]. This study demonstrated the important role of TDM services led by pharmacists in optimizing the initial dosing for these antibiotics.

scholarly journals EL PAPEL DE LA REGIÓN DE LA ASEAN EN LA FUTURA ECONOMÍA GLOBAL

1997 ◽  
pp. 41-47
Author(s):  
Teófilo C. Daquila ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Global Economy ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Political Aspect ◽  
Political Role ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Important Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Political Security ◽  
Trade And Investment

Provides a retrospective assessment of ASEAN’s role in the last 30 years, and analysis of current issues and some trends or prospects for its future in relation to the global economy. He points out that this region has positioned itself as the third most important region in exports, imports and investments, while, in the political aspect, due to its strategic location, it provides security and stability to the world and the Asia Pacific region. He analyzes the factors that impact the role of ASEAN: regional trade agreements in the world, its relations with Europe, the APEC forum and the WTO. He also describes his measures to liberalize this commercialization of goods, services and investment, his response to the financial crisis and to political security problems. It is concluded that the global economy is heading towards freedom of trade and investment, while ASEAN will continue to grow dynamically and become an important factor in the economic and political role.

scholarly journals The Number of Pregnancies and Deliveries and Their Association with Selected Morphological and Hemodynamic Parameters of the Pelvic and Abdominal Venous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 736
Author(s):  
Cezary Szary ◽  
Justyna Wilczko ◽  
Dominika Plucinska ◽  
Anna Pachuta ◽  
Marcin Napierala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Venous System ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Chronic Venous Disease ◽  
Venous Disease ◽  
Pelvic Vein ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Nulliparous Women ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Vein Insufficiency

Background: Although pregnancy has been identified as one of the risk factors for venous disease, the mechanism of this interaction remains unclear. Possibly, pregnancy results in overstrain and vein dilatation, which exceed their durability and persist after pregnancy. The aim of this study was the assessment of the relationship between the number of pregnancies in women with venous disease and the selected parameters of their venous systems. Patients and methods: The retrospective assessment concerned 518 patients subjected to the diagnostics of the venous system in the lower limbs and the abdomen/pelvis using ultrasound scan and magnetic resonance or computed tomography. Results: We found that the occurrence of pelvic venous symptoms increases proportionally to the number of pregnancies and is correlated with ovarian and parauterine vein dilatation/incompetence (e.g., 13.5% of nulliparous women reported pelvic pain, and reflux in left ovarian veins was detected in 21.4% of the patients from that group, whereas in women after two pregnancies, pain and reflux concerned 22.8% and 90.6% of patients, respectively). In the nulliparous group, the development of venous disease resulted from the presence of anatomic abnormalities in abdominal/pelvic veins. Conclusions: Our report proved that the number of pregnancies is correlated with the incidence of pelvic vein insufficiency. Although not specifically addressed in this study, some correlation was found with saphenous disease as well. However, further studies are necessary to provide more evidence about the role of pelvic vein insufficiency in chronic venous disease of the lower limbs.

scholarly journals Clinical Outcome Prediction in COVID-19 Patients by Lymphocyte Subsets Analysis and Monocytes’ iTNF-α Expression

Biology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Gabriele Madonna ◽  
Silvia Sale ◽  
Mariaelena Capone ◽  
Chiara De Falco ◽  
Valentina Santocchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
T Lymphocyte ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocytes ◽  
Cd8 T Lymphocyte ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cellular Mediators ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, “SARS-CoV-2”, was recognized as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Several studies have explored the changes and the role of inflammatory cells and cytokines in the immunopathogenesis of the disease, but until today, the results have been controversial. Based on these premises, we conducted a retrospective assessment of monocyte intracellular TNF-α expression (iTNF-α) and on the frequencies of lymphocyte sub-populations in twenty-five patients with moderate/severe COVID-19. We found lymphopenia in all COVID-19 infected subjects compared to healthy subjects. On initial observation, in patients with favorable outcomes, we detected a high absolute eosinophil count and a high CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocytes ratio, while in the Exitus Group, we observed high neutrophil and CD8+ T lymphocyte counts. During infection, in patients with favorable outcomes, we observed a rise in the lymphocyte count, in the monocyte and in Treg lymphocyte counts, and in the CD4+ and in CD8+ T lymphocytes count but a reduction in the CD4+/CD8+ T lymphocyte ratio. Instead, in the Exitus Group, we observed a reduction in the Treg lymphocyte counts and a decrease in iTNF-α expression. Our preliminary findings point to a modulation of the different cellular mediators of the immune system, which probably play a key role in the outcomes of COVID-19.

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