Archival description of cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department as a source for studying the activities of the railway police (1869–1916)

2019 ◽  
pp. 159-165
Author(s):  
Nikolay Petrykin
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Special Functions ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reform Period ◽  
The Russian Empire

We highlight the need to study the activities of gendarme police departments of railways on the basis of reliable sources and versatile approaches. We made a structural analysis of the archive inventory of the affairs of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department of the Moscow Gendarme Police Department of railways for the period of 1869–1916. The basic directions and some features of the organization of service of the gendarme railway police are revealed. A longitudinal study of the clerical work allowed us to see in the dynamics of meaningful practice, to identify the subjects of the system of relations between the railway gendarmes, their role and place in the law enforcement system of the Russian Empire. In classifying cases of the Kursk Gendarme Police Department by the institutional criterion, a retrospective assessment of the activities of railway gendarmes was given. On the basis of the obtained statistical data, critical conclusions were drawn up about the social processes that took place in Russian society in the post-reform period. Studying the cases of the model department of one of the gendarme police departments of railways allowed to draw conclusions about the role of the railway gendarme police units of the lowest level in the overall implementation of police and special functions, including in solving administrative issues, interacting with various officials, employees of railways, citizens.

Gendarme railway police: experience of mass transportation in the territory of the Kursk Governorate (1896–1914)

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
Nikolai N. Petrykin
Keyword(s):  
Police Department ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Railway Transportation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Moral Condition ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
First Time

We contribute to the discussion of the results of a significant resettlement policy, the role of the gendarme railway police in its implementation and the role of the gendarme structure in the history of the Russian Empire. For the first time, we make an attempt to disclose the mechanism of the gendarme railway police in implementing the state’s resettlement policy in the area of migration flows on the materials of the Kursk Governorate, taking into account the existing rail-way network and the structure of the gendarme police departments. Based on the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and local archives, the issues of legal regulation of mass railway transportation by the gendarme railway police are considered. An analysis of the gen-darme’s paperwork based on the materials of the Kursk branch of the gendarme police department of the Moscow-Kursk railway is given, aspects of interaction with the railway administration, local authorities, and the general police are highlighted. We trace the change and expansion of the duties of the railway gendarmes in connection with changes in the resettlement policy during the period under review and highlight the main stages. Particular attention is paid to issues of public safety in the context of criminalization on the railways. We show the role of the gendarme railway police in ensuring the sanitary and epidemiological welfare of passengers, taking into account the situation in the Kursk Governorate. Particular attention is paid to the influence of resettlement processes on the internal organizational, personnel aspects of the activities of the railway police, the dependence of the employee’s spiritual and moral condition on personal choice. We draw conclusions on the significance, scale, diversity of the gendarme railway police activities during the implementation of the resettlement policy.

Development of ecological culture of an individual in a multicultural environment.

2020 ◽  
Vol 89-90 (4-5) ◽  
pp. 102-115
Author(s):  
Natalia Evstafyeva ◽  
◽  
Irina Wagner ◽  
Yulia Grishaeva ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multicultural Education ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ecological Culture ◽  
Methodological Aspects

The article deals with methodological aspects of the development of ecological culture of schoolchildren in a multicultural educational environment. The authors identify two acute problems in modern society – multiculturalism and ecology. The Russian Federation is a multicultural country. Multicultural education is aimed at preserving the diversity of Russian society, carries the potential and tool for protecting ethnic and national communities in a multi-ethnic Russia, promotes the integration of all territorial-economic, political and national-cultural communities into a single Russian nation, allows a person to adapt to a multicultural world, helps a person understand himself and the people around him and promote the social role of a cultural person in society. The authors consider the relationship between multiculturalism and ethnopedagogy, identify the main pedagogical approaches and principles of development of multicultural education. The article notes the importance of integration of two significant areas in education and in the world - ethnology and ecology. Together they make an ethno-cultural module and an eco-cultural module which form the values for the society sustainable development. The possibility of using the technology of project activity through the implementation of ethno-ecological projects of students is considered. The authors note that ethnoecological projects on the dominant activity of students can be of different directions: research, educational, creative or practical ones. The most effective way to work on projects is through the implementation of a system of eco-oriented multicultural project weeks. Authors pay an important attention to the projects aimed at studying the ethnoecological traditions of the native land, the peculiarities of its geography, climate, natural landscape, flora and fauna, reflected in folklore, folk crafts, cults, rituals, holidays, legends, myths, etc.

scholarly journals GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF WOMEN's CRIME

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 904-910
Author(s):  
S.A. Styazhkina
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Social Characteristics ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Female Crime ◽  
The Social ◽  
Gender Status ◽  
Gender Characteristics

The article deals with the issues of criminological characteristics of female crime, analyzes the data of official statistics. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the causes and conditions of female crime. The paper substantiates the need to study women's crime, study its causes and conditions. The peculiarities of women's crime are determined by the gender status and the role of women in modern society. In this regard, the article analyzes the social characteristics and psychological characteristics of women in modern Russia. Special attention is paid to the prevention of women's crime. It is proposed to develop a national program for the prevention of women's crime. The program should be comprehensive in nature, and also contain a system of interaction between various bodies and services in the prevention of women's crime, ranging from educational institutions to law enforcement agencies.

scholarly journals The “Edelevsky” list of the “protective memory” of Tsar Ivan Vasilyevich to the Mordovian Princes and Murzes in 1572

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander N. Demidov
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Family Ties ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Unique Source ◽  
The Russian Empire

Introduction. The article considers the publication of a unique source for the history of the Mordovian people, the “protective memory” dated by 1572 addressed to the princes and Murzes of Mordovia. The “protective memory” is considered in comparison with the “romadanovsky” list belonging to the descendants of the Mordovian prince Romadan, seeking the return of the nobility, the non-criminal record of the Temnik-Kadom Mordva, published in the XVIII century, similar to the records of Tatar Sovereigns to the Temnik-Kadom Mordva. Materials and methods. The author focused on studying the content of the source, revealing the identities of the recipients, analyzing the composition of the princes and Murz of Mordovian records, spelling of the names, origin, and family ties. The genealogy of the princes Edelevs is being reconstructed, the history of their kind is described together with the history of Mordovian Murzas and their representatives in the context of social and historical ties. Results and discussion. The article describes the social situation of Princes Edelevs, the features of land ownership, land use, property and ownership of serfs. The article discusses the history of the discovery and use of the source in the clerical work of the aristocratic deputies’ assemblies and the Governing Senate at the request of the descendants of Mordovian princes and Muzes from the Edelev family to restore the rights of the noble state. It poses the problem of studying the social stratification in Mordovian society, the typology and origin of the Mordovian aristocracy, the peculiarities of the titling and inheritance of power, its role in the historical and social development of the Mordovian people, as well as its legal status in the Russian Empire. It compares the situation of the Temnikov-Kadom Mordovian Tarkhans, Cossacks, White Field and Alatyr princes and Mordovian Murzes, serving Mordovians and Tatars. Conclusion. “Protective memory” indicates that in the XVI century there was a national Mordovian aristocracy, collaborating with Moscow and being in the service of Great Sovereigns, and subsequently becoming part of the nobility and other classes of Russian society. The choice of Mordovian princes ensured the relatively peaceful entry of Mordovian lands into the Russian Empire.

scholarly journals Criminal Investigation and Criminal Intelligence: Example of Adaptation in the Prevention and Repression of Cybercrime

Risks ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Barlatier Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Crime Control ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Social Relevance ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Criminal Intelligence ◽  
Police Investigations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Intelligence Service

In the context of the digitization of delinquent activities, perpetrated via the internet, the question of the most appropriate means of crime prevention and crime repression is once again being raised. Studies performed on police investigations have highlighted the over-determining nature of circumstantial factors in crime as a condition for their elucidation for more than fifty years. The emergence of mass delinquency, such as cybercrime, has thus strongly altered the role of investigation as a useful mode of knowledge production. This obsolescence has appeared gradually and can be summarized in four stages, which generates a suspicion about the social relevance of the investigation. It seems that the holistic approach of criminal intelligence is more adapted to the fight against new forms of crime. The investigation becomes a precision instrument assigned to functions that become more specific. This article considers this paradigm shift by the approaches to knowledge management of crime control. Cybercrime is then emblematic of this shift. This study is based on the criminological review and the delinquency analysis led by the central criminal intelligence service of the national gendarmerie. Its premise may likely guide the strategy of French law enforcement agencies.

Measuring the impact of police representativeness on communities

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maren B. Trochmann ◽  
Angela Gover
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Use Of Force ◽  
Police Department ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Police Departments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
Community Conflict ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the representativeness of police departments, i.e. the extent to which the demographics of sworn police officers mirror their local constituency’s demographic makeup, has an effect on communities. The study seeks to explain whether community complaints about police use of force are related to the representativeness of the police department. Design/methodology/approach The study examines the relationships between use of force complaints lodged against a police department and the representativeness of the police vis-à-vis their community using ordinary least squares regression and city fixed-effects models. The stratified sample of 100 large US cities uses data from the US Census Equal Employment Opportunity Survey and the Bureau of Justice Statistics Law Enforcement Management and Administration Statistics Survey from several points-in-time. Findings The analysis suggests that racial makeup and, to a lesser extent, local residency of police departments might matter in reducing community conflict with police, as represented by use of force complaints. However, the fixed-effects model suggests that unobserved community-level characteristics and context matter more than police departments’ representativeness. Originality/value This study seeks to provide a unique perspective and empirical evidence on community conflict with police by integrating the public administration theory of representative bureaucracy with criminal justice theories of policing legitimacy. The findings have implications for urban policing as well as law enforcement human capital and public management practices, which is essential to understand current crises in police-citizen relations in the US, especially in minority communities.

Nurseries as a special form of social care in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century

2020 ◽  
pp. 136-145
Author(s):  
Inna A. Shikunova ◽  
Pavel P. Shcherbinin
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Protection ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Scientific Problem ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range

We consider the formation and development features of the nurseries as a special social institution in the Tambov Governorate in the early of 20th century. The governorate and county levels of declared scientific problem consideration allows to conduct the successful reconstruction of the formation and activities of infant nurseries for foundlings, orphans in both urban and rural areas, which reflected the practice of social care and charity of “trouble children”. We reveal the implementation features of county initiatives for the social protection of foundlings and orphans, as well as the levels and forms of such support for such categories of Russian society by local authorities. We clarify the possibilities of organizing nurseries for foundlings at the governorate and county hospitals and maternity wards. We note the role of particular medical workers in the development of civic initiatives and public service in the rescue of foundlings. We identify the historiographic traditions of both domestic and foreign historians in the study of the orphans charity in the context of the social work organization and the social institutions development, including nurseries. Based on the analysis of a wide range of historical sources, it was possible to identify the most successful and effective practices of organizing nurseries both in the peaceful years and in the periods of Russian-Japanese War of 1904–1905 and World War I 1914–1918, which allowed us to consider various little-studied aspects of the stated scientific problem. We reveal the regional features of the social protection system for orphans through the prism of nursery care. We clarify the position and role of the Orthodox Church on the organization of orphan charity in monasteries during the war years of 1914–1918. We reveal the main posing issues of the prospects for studying a wide range of problems in the history of orphanhood in the Tambov Governorate in the early 20th century. We pay attention to the importance of taking into account regional specifics and specific historical manifestations of social policy when conducting a study of charitable support and private public initiatives of the considered period.

scholarly journals Internet in Social Reality of Russian Youth: Potential Risks and Opportunities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Rudenkin
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Reality ◽  
Digital Natives ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
The Social ◽  
Everyday Reality

The paper is devoted to an empirical analysis of the role of the Internet in the everyday reality of Russian youth. The author notes that the unusual speed of the Internet spread in the life of Russian society made the circumstances of growing up of modern young Russians very specific. In fact, they became the first generation of Russian “digital natives”. Growing up in the conditions of the rapid spread of the Internet in society, many of them are used to perceiving the Internet as a natural and inalienable attribute of everyday reality. The author uses materials of secondary data analysis and the data of his sociological research among Russian youth to determine the role of the Internet in the social reality of youth and to find out the possible risks and opportunities that it can create. The empirical basis of the study is a questionnaire survey conducted by the author in 2018 among the youth of the city of Ekaterinburg, Russia. The key conclusion of the article is that the Internet is deeply integrated into the social reality of modern Russian youth. The growing importance of the Internet in life is a source of a number of risks, which include the formation of Internet addiction, increasing the vulnerability of young people to destructive content and the formation of a communicative gap between representatives of different generations. The Internet can also be used to broadcast information to a youth audience, to organize cooperation among young people, to popularize good practices and for other purposes. Keywords: youth, Russian youth, Internet, “digital natives”, Russian society

scholarly journals Management of Legal Processes: Statement of the problem

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-20
Author(s):  
V. L. Schulz ◽  
S. A. Bochkarev
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Human Sciences ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Law Enforcement Agencies ◽  
Text Interpretation ◽  
Judicial Decisions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Legal Processes

Introduction. The article considers the category of management from the standpoint of history, theory and philosophy. The law and the processes of its implementation in practice have been chosen as the social context within which the importance and potential of management has been studied.Materials and methods. The article actively uses both contributions of natural science and papers written for the purpose of understanding the humani-tarian knowledge. The methodological basis of the article includes the universal method of cognizability of the world, such logical methods as induction and deduction, the achievements of comparative jurisprudence, the method of text interpretation (mainly judicial decisions and regulations).The results of the study. The paper tries to answer the questions what management is in principle, what are the possible and acceptable forms of its manifestation in jurisprudence. The meanings in which management is used in the natural and human sciences are compared. A distinction is made between the concepts of “management of legal processes” and “public administration”.Law enforcement processes are much rationalized, and law has maintenance of order as its highest goal. The absence of reference to management in the procedural legislation serves as an indirect but sure sign that governance in law does not exist in the form in which it is represented in the natural sciences.Discussions and conclusions. Subject to the above it was concluded that management in law is manifested and realized in a peculiar way. It is implemented in legal processes through decentralized principles, i.e. by the participants themselves on a parity and consensual basis. The role of guides is played by symbolic means - the principles of law and the values protected by it. The role of doers is played by instrumental means - law enforcement agencies and institutions. The role of organizes is exercised by the subjects of law (individual, society and the state), and the function of consumers is realized by the subjects of specific legal relations.

scholarly journals The Role of Youth Non-profit Organizations in the Formation and Development of Social Elevators in Modern Russia

2020 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Kirill Andreevich Cherkess
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Russian Society ◽  
Non Profit ◽  
The Social ◽  
Media Reputation ◽  
Non Profit Organizations ◽  
Further Development

Youth non-profit organizations are described con-sidering their participation in the modern political life of Russian society and their role in the political socialization of young people. The author raises the problem of formation and development of social elevators in the context of ensuring social mobility of young people, as well as the possibility of access to this tool in modern Russia. As part of the study of youth non-profit organizations, the author gave a charateristics of the organizations operating on a national scale, which have a media reputation, and develop projects focused on the vertical mobility of their participants. Arguments are given in favor of individual and collective social elevators within the framework of youth non-profit organizations. The conclusions presented in the study allow us to eval-uate the activities of youth non-profit organizations as a mechanism for changing the social status of an individual in the stratification structure of society, a channel for vertical social mobility, and prospects for further development of non-profit organizations in this direction.

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