Bacterial Fermentation in the Colon and Its Measurement

1992 ◽  
pp. 119-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Edwards ◽  
I. R. Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Fermentation

Enzymatic Synthesis of 15N-L-aspartic Acid Using Recombinant Aspartase from Escherichia Coli K12

2008 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Iulia Lupan ◽  
Sergiu Chira ◽  
Maria Chiriac ◽  
Nicolae Palibroda ◽  
Octavian Popescu
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Aspartic Acid ◽  
Enzymatic Synthesis ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Industrial Enzymes ◽  
Recombinant Dna Technology ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Natural Protein ◽  
Novel Method

Amino acids are obtained by bacterial fermentation, extraction from natural protein or enzymatic synthesis from specific substrates. With the introduction of recombinant DNA technology, it has become possible to apply more rational approaches to enzymatic synthesis of amino acids. Aspartase (L-aspartate ammonia-lyase) catalyzes the reversible deamination of L-aspartic acid to yield fumaric acid and ammonia. It is one of the most important industrial enzymes used to produce L-aspartic acid on a large scale. Here we described a novel method for [15N] L-aspartic synthesis from fumarate and ammonia (15NH4Cl) using a recombinant aspartase.

scholarly journals Intrauterine growth restriction alters nutrient metabolism in the intestine of porcine offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiantian Li ◽  
Shimeng Huang ◽  
Long Lei ◽  
Shiyu Tao ◽  
Yi Xiong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Portal Vein ◽  
Microbial Diversity ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Nutrient Metabolism ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstract Background Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) has negative impacts on the postnatal survival, growth and development of humans and animals, with not only on newborns but also adulthood. However, the characteristics for nutrient digestion and absorption in IUGR offspring are still largely unknown. Therefore, the normal birth weight (NBW) and IUGR growing pigs were used in this study to investigate their differences in nutrient utilization, with an expectition for further nutritional optimization of the IUGR offspring during their later life. Methods Twelve IUGR and 12 NBW growing pigs were fitted with catheters in their portal vein to measure blood flow rate as well as nutrients and metabolites in plasma. The digestibilities of nutrients in different intestinal segments, and bacterial fermentation in the large intestine were examined to reveal the characteristics of nutrients utilization in IUGR versus NBW pigs. Results The rate of portal venous blood flow did not differ beween IUGR and NBW pigs. Plasma concentrations of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose were much lower but those of urea were higher in the portal vein of IUGR pigs, compared with the NBW pigs. The ileal digestibility of dry matter, gross energy and starch were lower in IUGR pigs than in NBW pigs. IUGR increased hindgut microbial diversity and bacterial fermentation activity in the caecum. In vitro cross-fermentation of ileal digesta by caecal microbes of NBW and IUGR pigs showed that gas production was much higher for IUGR ileal digesta regardless of the source of caecal inocula. Conclusion IUGR impairs the nutrient digestion and absorption in small intestine, reduces caecal microbial diversity and promotes bacterial fermentation in the large intestine during the growing phase. These findings aid in our understanding of nutrient metabolism in IUGR pigs and provide the basis for future nutritional interventions.

scholarly journals 13 Opportunities for using low-protein diets for weanling pigs to improve intestinal health

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 18-19
Author(s):  
Martin Nyachoti ◽  
Jinyoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Intestinal Health ◽  
Dietary Interventions ◽  
Weanling Pigs ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Area Of Interest ◽  
Diet Formulation

Abstract Dietary manipulation with respect to crude protein (CP) content has been suggested as part of the overall strategy for the nutritional management of weanling pigs to improve intestinal health. This has focused on the use of low CP diets that are appropriately fortified with crystalline amino acids (AA). Use of low CP diets minimizes the amount of undigested dietary protein entering the large intestine and being subjected to bacterial fermentation. This is important because protein fermentation leads to the production of toxic metabolites and encourages the proliferation of pathogenic bacteria, thus causing enteric problems such as post-weaning diarrhea. There have been considerable efforts to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the potential benefits of feeding low CP diets to piglets. In addition to impacting the intestinal microbiome and its associated activities, it is clear that feeding a low CP diets interferes with the attachment of enterotoxigenic E. coli to the intestinal mucosa, thus minimizing its ability to cause disease. Another area of interest has been how use low CP diets in combination with other dietary manipulations to further enhance intestinal health in piglets. In this regards, existing evidence suggests that a low CP diet may be used in combination with other dietary interventions, such as probiotics and dietary fiber, to further enhance gut health outcomes in piglets. Also, addressing the potential reduction in piglet performance when feeding low CP diets by looking more into diet formulation to avoid deficiencies of essential AA or even some of non-essential AA, is critical for successful use low CP diets. Based on the available information, a reduction of dietary protein by four percentage units coupled with appropriate AA supplementation can be a useful dietary strategy to improve intestinal health.

Analysis of the volatile components of a bacterial fermentation attractive to the mexican fruit fly (Anastrepha ludens).

1995 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1348-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang-Joo Lee ◽  
Albert B. DeMilo ◽  
Daniel S. Moreno ◽  
Adelaido J. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Anastrepha Ludens ◽  
Volatile Components ◽  
Mexican Fruit Fly ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation

scholarly journals The digestion process of the sugar alcohol isomalt in the intestinal tract of the pig

1993 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Van Weerden ◽  
J. Huisman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Consumption ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Digestion Process ◽  
Potassium Magnesium

In a study with ten pigs of 60–70 kg live weight, provided with a re-entrant cannula at the end of the ileum, and sixteen intact, non-cannulated pigs, the digestion and absorption of a dietary dose of 100 g isomalt/kg, and isomalt given between the meals as a ‘sweet’on the basis of 50 and 100 g/kg feed consumption, were examined. In all three isomalt treatments slightly less than 0.40 of the isomalt consumed was digested in the small intestine when the calculations were based on ileal sugar passage. However, when basing the calculations on energy contents of ileal chyme, only approximately 0.10 was digested in the small intestine. The bacterial fermentation of the isomalt flowing into the large intestine was indicated by a decreased faecal energy digestibility and a slight reduction in faecal dry matter and nitrogen digestibility. The retention of the minerals sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium and phosphorus was not influenced to any measurable extent when isomalt was fed.

scholarly journals A novel high-amylose barley cultivar (Hordeum vulgare var. Himalaya 292) lowers plasma cholesterol and alters indices of large-bowel fermentation in pigs

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 607-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony R. Bird ◽  
Michelle Jackson ◽  
Roger A. King ◽  
Debra A. Davies ◽  
Sylvia Usher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Large Bowel ◽  
Plasma Cholesterol ◽  
Starch Synthesis ◽  
Distal Colon ◽  
Proximal Colon ◽  
Barley Cultivar ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Oat Bran

Hordeum vulgare var. Himalaya 292 is a new barley cultivar with altered starch synthesis and less total starch but more amylose, resistant starch (RS) and total and soluble NSP including β-glucan. To determine its nutritional potential, young pigs were fed diets containing stabilised wholegrain flours from either Himalaya 292, Namoi (a commercial barley), wheat bran or oat bran at equivalent dietary NSP concentrations for 21 d. Serum total cholesterol was significantly lowered by the Himalaya 292 diet relative to wheat bran, indicating that Himalaya 292 retained its hypocholesterolaemic potential. In all groups SCFA concentrations were highest in the proximal colon and decreased towards the rectum. Digesta pH was lowest in the proximal colon and highest in the distal colon. Large-bowel and faecal pH were significantly lower in the pigs fed the barley and oat diets, indicating greater bacterial fermentation. Caecal and proximal colonic pH was lowest and SCFA pools highest in the pigs fed Himalaya 292. Total and individual SCFA were lowest in the mid- and distal colon of the pigs fed Himalaya 292 or oat bran. These data suggest the presence of more RS in Himalaya 292 and suggest that its fermentation was rapid relative to transit. Differences in faecal and large-bowel anaerobic, aerobic, coliform and lactic acid bacteria were relatively small, indicating a lack of a specific prebiotic action. These data support the potential of this novel barley cultivar to improve health through plasma cholesterol reduction and increased large-bowel SCFA production.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional and Novel Pre-treatment Methods for Bioethanol Production from Fruit and Vegetable Wastes

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-483
Author(s):  
Tugba Keskin
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Yeast Fermentation ◽  
Bioethanol Production ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Waste Gas ◽  
Clostridium Ljungdahlii ◽  
Vegetable Wastes ◽  
Pre Treatment

In this study, novel and conventional techniques for the production of bioethanol from fruit and vegetable wastes (FVWs) by yeast and bacterial fermentation were investigated experimentally. Different pretreatment techniques (acid, heat, acid/heat, and microwave) for yeast fermentation were compared. Maximum ethanol concentrations of 11.7 and 11.8 g L–1 were observed from acid/heat and microwave pretreatment, respectively, by using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. On the other hand, biochar production from FVWs and syngas fermentation from the waste gas of this process were integrated. From waste gas with 12 % CO content, 5.5 g L–1 and 2.5 g L–1 ethanol production was observed by using anaerobic mixed culture and Clostridium ljungdahlii, respectively. The overall results emphasize the potential of bioethanol production from FVWs by economically feasible and environmentally friendly methods.

scholarly journals Metabolism of Selected 2-Arylbenzofurans in a Colon In Vitro Model System

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2754
Author(s):  
Ondrej Vesely ◽  
Petr Marsik ◽  
Veronika Jarosova ◽  
Ivo Doskocil ◽  
Karel Smejkal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Basolateral Side ◽  
Sufficient Stability ◽  
Polar Metabolites ◽  
Fermentation Model ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Permeability Assay

2-arylbenzofurans represent a small group of bioactive compounds found in the plant family Moraceae. As it has not been investigated whether these substances are stable during passage through the gastrointestinal tract, their biological effects may be altered by the metabolism of intestinal microbiota or cells. The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare mulberrofuran Y (1), moracin C (2), and mulberrofuran G (3) in an in vitro model of human intestinal bacterial fermentation and in an epithelial model using the Caco-2 cell line. The analysis of compounds by LC-MS-Q-TOF showed sufficient stability in the fermentation model, with no bacterial metabolites detected. However, great differences in the quantity of permeation were observed in the permeability assay. Moreover, mulberrofuran Y (1) and moracin C (2) were observed to be transformed into polar metabolites by conjugation. Among the test compounds, mulberrofuran Y (1) was mostly stable and accumulated in endothelial cells (85.3%) compared with mulberrofuran G (3) and moracin C (2) (14% and 8.2%, respectively). Thus, only a small amount of mulberrofuran Y (1) was conjugated. Moracin C (2) and mulberrofuran G (3) were metabolized almost completely, with only traces of the unchanged molecule being found on the apical and cellular sides of the system. Only conjugates of mulberrofuran Y (1) and moracin C (2) were able to reach the basolateral side. Our results provide the basic description of bioavailability of these three compounds, which is a necessary characteristic for final evaluation of bio-efficacy.

scholarly journals Bacterial fabric: introductory studies on the application of biomimetics in the bacterial fermentation process

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dulce Maria Holanda Maciel ◽  
Luísa Córdova Wandscheer ◽  
Daniela Novelli
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Consumer Goods ◽  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Future Scenario ◽  
Bacterial Fermentation ◽  
Market Chain ◽  
Fabric Production ◽  
The Relationship

Thinking about innovations that reduce environmental impact and offer quality consumer goods is a way of proposing a future scenario governed by eco-efficiency values. Through an exploratory bibliographic and documentary research, which qualitatively analyses Kombucha authors and fermenters, this article seeks to identify the relationship between biomimetics and bacterial fabric production as an eco-efficient product in the fashion market chain. The general objective of this case study is to explain the fermentation process to encourage the search for raw materials inserted in the sustainability proposal.

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