Focal Drug Delivery for Management of Oral Infections

The oral cavity is an intricate environment subjected to various chemical, physical, and thermal injuries. The effectiveness of the local and systemically administered drugs is limited mainly due to their toxicities and poor oral bioavailability that leads to the limited effectiveness of the drugs in the target tissues. To address these issues, nanoparticle drug delivery systems based on metals, liposomes, polymeric particles, and core shells have been developed in recent years. Nano drug delivery systems have applications in the treatment of patients suffering from temporomandibular joint disorders such as preventing degeneration of cartilage in patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis and alleviating the pain along with it. The antibacterial dental applications of nano-drug delivery systems such as silver and copper-based nanoparticles include these agents used to arrest dental caries, multiple steps in root canal treatment, and patients suffering from periodontitis. Nanoparticles have been used in adjunct with antifungals to treat oral fungal infections such as candida albicans in denture wearers. Acyclovir being the most commonly used antiviral has been used in combination with nanoparticles against an array of viral infections such as the herpes simplex virus. Nanoparticles based combination agents offer more favorable drug release in a controlled manner along with efficient delivery at the site of action. This review presents an updated overview of the recently developed nanoparticles delivery systems for the management of temporomandibular joint disorders along with the treatment of different oral infections.

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Chapter 6. Focal Drug Delivery for Management of Oral Infections

Biomaterials Science Series - Antimicrobial Materials for Biomedical Applications ◽

10.1039/9781788012638-00171 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 171-192

Author(s):

David Polak ◽

Rawi Assad ◽

Daniel Moreinos ◽

Yoav Pietrokovski ◽

Nurit Beyth

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Infections

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Current applications of drug delivery nanosystems associated with antimicrobial photodynamic therapy for oral infections

International Journal of Pharmaceutics ◽

10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120078 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 592 ◽

pp. 120078

Author(s):

Amanda Letícia Polli Silvestre ◽

Leonardo Delello Di Filippo ◽

João Felipe Besegato ◽

Sarah Raquel de Annunzio ◽

Bruna Almeida Furquim de Camargo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy ◽

Oral Infections

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Biocompatible and Biomaterials Application in Drug Delivery System in Oral Cavity

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/9011226 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

Lotfollah Kamali Hakim ◽

Mohsen Yazdanian ◽

Mostafa Alam ◽

Kamyar Abbasi ◽

Hamid Tebyaniyan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Oral Cavity ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Vital Role ◽

Biocompatible Materials ◽

Oral Diseases ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Advantages And Disadvantages ◽

Dental Diseases

Biomaterials applications have rapidly expanded into different fields of sciences. One of the important fields of using biomaterials is dentistry, which can facilitate implantation, surgery, and treatment of oral diseases such as peri-implantitis, periodontitis, and other dental problems. Drug delivery systems based on biocompatible materials play a vital role in the release of drugs into aim tissues of the oral cavity with minimum side effects. Therefore, scientists have studied various delivery systems to improve the efficacy and acceptability of therapeutic approaches in dental problems and oral diseases. Also, biomaterials could be utilized as carriers in biocompatible drug delivery systems. For instance, natural polymeric substances, such as gelatin, chitosan, calcium phosphate, alginate, and xanthan gum are used to prepare different forms of delivery systems. In addition, some alloys are conducted in drug complexes for the better in transportation. Delivery systems based on biomaterials are provided with different strategies, although individual biomaterial has advantages and disadvantages which have a significant influence on transportation of complex such as solubility in physiological environments or distribution in tissues. Biomaterials have antibacterial and anti-inflammatory effects and prolonged time contact and even enhance antibiotic activities in oral infections. Moreover, these biomaterials are commonly prepared in some forms such as particulate complex, fibers, microspheres, gels, hydrogels, and injectable systems. In this review, we examined the application of biocompatible materials in drug delivery systems of oral and dental diseases or problems.

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Development of Self-Nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery Systems Containing 4-Allylpyrocatechol for Treatment of Oral Infections Caused by Candida albicans

Pharmaceutics ◽

10.3390/pharmaceutics13020167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (2) ◽

pp. 167

Author(s):

Siriporn Okonogi ◽

Pimpak Phumat ◽

Sakornrat Khongkhunthian ◽

Pisaisit Chaijareenont ◽

Thomas Rades ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Candida Albicans ◽

Water Solubility ◽

Release Kinetics ◽

Piper Betle ◽

Oral Infections ◽

Effective Activity ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Droplet Sizes ◽

Kinetics Of

Clinical use of 4-Allylpyrocatechol (APC), a potential antifungal agent from Piper betle, is limited because of its low water solubility. The current study explores the development of the self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) containing APC (APC-SNEDDS) to enhance APC solubility. Results demonstrated that excipient type and concentration played an important role in the solubility of APC in the obtained SNEEDS. SNEDDS, comprising 20% Miglyol 812N, 30% Maisine 35-1, 40% Kolliphor RH40, and 10% absolute ethanol, provided the highest loading capacity and significantly increased water solubility of APC. Oil-in-water nanoemulsions (NE) with droplet sizes of less than 40 nm and a narrow size distribution were obtained after dispersing this APC-SNEDDS in water. The droplets had a negative zeta potential between −10 and −20 mV. The release kinetics of APC from APC-SNEDDS followed the Higuchi model. The NE containing 1.6 mg APC/mL had effective activity against Candida albicans with dose-dependent killing kinetics and was nontoxic to normal cells. The antifungal potential was similar to that of 1 mg nystatin/mL. These findings suggest that APC-SNEDDS are a useful system to enhance the apparent water solubility of APC and are a promising system for clinical treatment of oral infection caused by C. albicans.

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Techniques For The Preparation of Tissue Samples Containing Injectable Polymer Microcapsules

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100120242 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 710-711

Author(s):

G.E. Visscher ◽

R. L. Robison ◽

G. J. Argentieri

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Drug Delivery Systems ◽

Gastrocnemius Muscle ◽

Degradation Process ◽

Delivery Systems ◽

Tissue Reaction ◽

Electron Microscopic ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Injectable Polymer ◽

Microscopic Techniques

The use of various bioerodable polymers as drug delivery systems has gained considerable interest in recent years. Among some of the shapes used as delivery systems are films, rods and microcapsules. The work presented here will deal with the techniques we have utilized for the analysis of the tissue reaction to and actual biodegradation of injectable microcapsules. This work has utilized light microscopic (LM), transmission (TEM) and scanning (SEM) electron microscopic techniques. The design of our studies has utilized methodology that would; 1. best characterize the actual degradation process without artifacts introduced by fixation procedures and 2. allow for reproducible results.In our studies, the gastrocnemius muscle of the rat was chosen as the injection site. Prior to the injection of microcapsules the skin above the sites was shaved and tattooed for later recognition and recovery. 1.0 cc syringes were loaded with the desired quantity of microcapsules and the vehicle (0.5% hydroxypropylmethycellulose) drawn up. The syringes were agitated to suspend the microcapsules in the injection vehicle.

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Nanotheranostic agents for neurodegenerative diseases

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190141 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (6) ◽

pp. 645-675

Author(s):

Parasuraman Padmanabhan ◽

Mathangi Palanivel ◽

Ajay Kumar ◽

Domokos Máthé ◽

George K. Radda ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drug Delivery ◽

Neurodegenerative Diseases ◽

Cell Types ◽

Specific Cell ◽

Ageing Population ◽

Target Tissue ◽

Therapeutic Approaches ◽

Surface Receptors ◽

Theranostic Agents ◽

Preclinical Animal Models

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD), affect the ageing population worldwide and while severely impairing the quality of life of millions, they also cause a massive economic burden to countries with progressively ageing populations. Parallel with the search for biomarkers for early detection and prediction, the pursuit for therapeutic approaches has become growingly intensive in recent years. Various prospective therapeutic approaches have been explored with an emphasis on early prevention and protection, including, but not limited to, gene therapy, stem cell therapy, immunotherapy and radiotherapy. Many pharmacological interventions have proved to be promising novel avenues, but successful applications are often hampered by the poor delivery of the therapeutics across the blood-brain-barrier (BBB). To overcome this challenge, nanoparticle (NP)-mediated drug delivery has been considered as a promising option, as NP-based drug delivery systems can be functionalized to target specific cell surface receptors and to achieve controlled and long-term release of therapeutics to the target tissue. The usefulness of NPs for loading and delivering of drugs has been extensively studied in the context of NDDs, and their biological efficacy has been demonstrated in numerous preclinical animal models. Efforts have also been made towards the development of NPs which can be used for targeting the BBB and various cell types in the brain. The main focus of this review is to briefly discuss the advantages of functionalized NPs as promising theranostic agents for the diagnosis and therapy of NDDs. We also summarize the results of diverse studies that specifically investigated the usage of different NPs for the treatment of NDDs, with a specific emphasis on AD and PD, and the associated pathophysiological changes. Finally, we offer perspectives on the existing challenges of using NPs as theranostic agents and possible futuristic approaches to improve them.

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