Uneven Development and Capital Accumulation: The Government-Business-Media Complex

2019 ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Justin van der Merwe ◽  
Nicole Dodd
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
The Government ◽  
Business Media

The Agrarian Question in Contemporary Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toendepi Shonhe
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Food Crop ◽  
Contract Farming ◽  
Agrarian Question ◽  
Food Crop Production ◽  
The Government ◽  
Agrarian Transition ◽  
Depth Interviews

The reinvestment of rural agrarian surplus is driving capital accumulation in Zimbabwe's countryside, providing a scope to foster national (re-) industrialisation and job creation. Contrary to Bernstein's view, the Agrarian Question on capital remains unresolved in Southern Africa. Even though export finance, accessed through contract farming, provides an impetus for export cash crop production, and the government-mediated command agriculture supports food crop production, the reinvestment of proceeds from the sale of agricultural commodities is now driving capital accumulation. Drawing from empirical data, gathered through surveys and in-depth interviews from Hwedza district and Mvurwi farming area in Mazowe district in Zimbabwe, the findings of this study revealed the pre-eminence of the Agrarian Question, linked to an ongoing agrarian transition in Zimbabwe. This agrarian capital elaborates rural-urban interconnections and economic development, following two decades of de-industrialisation in Zimbabwe. 

scholarly journals Analysing the Influence of Industrial Value - Added of Small and Micro-sized Firms on Regional FDI in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165
Author(s):  
Celine Canes ◽  
Vanessa Aurelia ◽  
Juan Phillip Yoel Tanesia ◽  
Albert Hasudungan ◽  
Erica Lukas
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Dual Function ◽  
Robust Standard Error ◽  
The Government ◽  
Role Of The Government ◽  
Fdi Determinants ◽  
Portfolio Investments

The role of Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) has only grown in tandem with globalization, as it plays a dual function by improving capital accumulation whilst simultaneously growing total factor yield, which puts it at an advantage over foreign aids and foreign portfolio investments. Using panel data from 34 Indonesian provinces over the 2015 - 2019 period, this research examined the determinants of provincial FDI and its impact on regional economic development in Indonesia. The random effect method with robust standard error was used to regress the model, and the variables found to be positively significant were the ratio of industrial value added for micro sized firms to regional GDP, as well as the growth rate of industrial value added for small sized firms. Our analysis revealed that micro-sized firms tend to have much higher industrial value added compared to small-sized firms, and that these firms tend to cluster in Western Indonesia. The role of the government should be to foster the growth and competitiveness of small and micro-sized firms, especially for regions where the industrial value added is still low. Further study is suggested on the determinants of industrial value added at the provincial level, as well as more comprehensive research on FDI determinants with a larger dataset.

scholarly journals Optimal taxation with unobservable investment in human capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 501-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Reis
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Capital Investment ◽  
Physical Capital ◽  
Income Taxes ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
The Government ◽  
Physical Capital Accumulation

Abstract In a Ramsey model of optimal taxation, if human capital investment can be observed separately from consumption, it is optimal not to distort human or physical capital accumulation in the long run, and only labour income taxes should be used. However, in reality the government can’t always distinguish between investment in human capital and pure consumption, so a tax on labour or consumption will necessarily tax human capital. We find that when investment in human capital is unobservable, the optimal policy is to tax human capital at a positive rate, even in the long run. Whether physical capital should be taxed or not depends on its degree of complementarity with human capital versus labour.

Profitability and Distribution: The Origin of the Brazilian Economic and Political Crisis

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-133
Author(s):  
Adalmir Antonio Marquetti ◽  
Cecilia Hoff ◽  
Alessandro Miebach
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Real Wage ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Political Support ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Private Capital ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
The Government ◽  
Negative Growth

The PT governments combined elements of developmentalism and neoliberalism in a contradictory construction, organizing a large political coalition of workers and capitalists that allowed expanding the real wage and reducing poverty and inequality while maintaining the gains of productive and financing capitals. The decline of profitability after the 2008 crisis broke the class coalition constructed during Lula’s administration. The Dilma Rousseff government adopted a series of fiscal stimuli for private capital accumulation with meager economic growth. After her reelection, the government implemented an austerity program that resulted in negative growth rates. With the deepening economic crisis and without political support, Rousseff was removed from power. Os governos do PT combinaram elementos de desenvolvimentismo e neoliberalismo em uma construção contraditória, organizando uma grande coalizão política de trabalhadores e capitalistas que permitiu expandir o salário real e reduzir a pobreza e a desigualdade, mantendo os ganhos dos capitais produtivos e financeiros. O declínio da lucratividade após a crise de 2008 quebrou a coalizão de classes construída durante o governo Lula. O governo Dilma Rousseff adotou uma série de estímulos fiscais para a acumulação de capital privado com escasso crescimento econômico. Após sua reeleição, o governo implementou um programa de austeridade que resultou em taxas de crescimento negativas. Com o aprofundamento da crise econômica e sem apoio político, Dilma foi afastada do poder.

Dynamic Costs of the Draft

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morten I. Lau ◽  
Panu Poutvaara ◽  
Andreas Wagener
Keyword(s):  
Time Allocation ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Income Taxation ◽  
Forced Labor ◽  
Public Expenditures ◽  
Human Capital Accumulation ◽  
Dynamic General Equilibrium Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Military Draft

Abstract We propose a dynamic general-equilibrium model with human capital accumulation to evaluate the economic consequences of compulsory services (such as military draft or social work). Our analysis identifies a so far ignored dynamic cost arising from distortions in time allocation over the life cycle.We provide conservative estimates for the excess burden that arises when the government relies on forced labor rather than on income taxation to finance public expenditures. Our results suggest that eliminating the draft could produce considerable dynamic gains, both in terms of GDP and lifetime utility.

scholarly journals Global Free Trade and the Fragmentation of Capitalist Classes: An Uneven and Combined Development Approach to MUSIAD in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akif Avcı
Keyword(s):  
Small Group ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Social Relations ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Uneven And Combined Development ◽  
Main Class ◽  
Twitter Account ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Development Approach

“A small group of young Turkish patriots who have fallen in love with their country have laid the foundation of MUSIAD 30 years ago”. This passage has been taken from the official Twitter account of MUSIAD whose categorisation has always been a contested issue. MUSIAD has been called the “Anatolian Capital”, “Muslim Bourgeoisie”, “Devout Bourgeoisie”, and finally “patriots who have fall in love with their country”. The uniqueness of this study lays in its class-based approach to the MUSIAD affiliates, as it argues that MUSIAD is composed of three main class fractions which are nationally oriented, internationally oriented and transnational. This categorisation is based on the ways in which MUSIAD affiliates engage in social relations of production rather than matters of religion, culture, and ideology. Subsequently, this study argues that the rise of MUSIAD is part of a process of transformation in the patterns of capital accumulation and uneven development of capitalism in Turkey. Accordingly, this study draws on the uneven and combined development approach to understand why MUSIAD affiliates could not catch up with TUSIAD affiliated companies which mostly represent the transnational fraction of Turkish capital. 

scholarly journals Optimal Taxation in the Solow-Uzawa Growth Model with Public Goods

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3(S)) ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Wei-Bin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Public Sector ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Optimal Taxation ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
The Government ◽  
Parameter Values

This paper makes an original contribution to the literature of optimal taxation by introducing Ramseytaxation to the Solow-Uzawa growth model to examine genuine dynamic interdependence between growth andoptimal taxation. We introduce a public sector to the Uzawa two-sector growth model. The public sector suppliespublic goods and services. The government financially supports by the public sector by collecting taxes on thehousehold’s wage income and wealth income under the assumption that the utility level is maximized. We derivethe optimal taxation rule and construct the dynamics of the national economy. The model studies a nonlineardynamics between national and sectoral growth, economic structural change, wealth/capital accumulation, andoptimal tax rates in perfect competitive markets with the government intervention. The model has a uniquestable equilibrium point with the chosen parameter values. We carry out comparative dynamic analysis toanalyze effects of exogenous changes in a few parameters on the transitional process and long-term economicstructure of the economic dynamics.

scholarly journals Marxism and the logics of dis/integration

2021 ◽  
pp. 194277862110482
Author(s):  
Noel Castree
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Technological Innovation ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Uneven Development ◽  
Economic Competition ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Accumulation By Dispossession ◽  
The Social ◽  
Capitalist World ◽  
Growth Economic

Marxism is a large and diverse body of thought that has weathered many storms over the last 150 years. While its explanatory and political relevance to today's world is enormous, Marxism lacks mass appeal and largely resides in universities (notably, the social sciences and humanities). While this is, in one sense, a sign of defeat, in another sense it's been productive insofar as it's offered exponents space and time to make sense of capitalism's ever-changing configurations. This article homes-in on classical Marxism and its enduring importance as a tool of analysis and political thinking. It focuses on the author's attempts to understand how the biophysical world is entrained in the dynamics of capital accumulation, especially during the period of neoliberal political economy that began around 35 years ago. Marxist geographers continue to offer important insights into capitalism in a more-than-capitalist world that is, nonetheless, utterly dominated by the contradictory logics of growth, economic competition, endless technological innovation, uneven development, accumulation by dispossession and crisis. For me, classical Marxism's attention to capitalism as an expansive ‘totality’ is critical, obliging us to attend to how different places, people and political projects are brought into a single, if exceedingly complex, universe. The article reflects on how the embrace of classical Marxism necessarily folds the professional into the personal, though in ways that inevitably highlight some of the contradictions that Marx and Engels identified. It's to be hoped that a new and talented generation of Marxist geographers will continue the work initiated 50 years ago by David Harvey and others. The article suggests that a key research frontier for Marxist geography is normative: what sorts of political visions and proposals will gain traction in a variegated yet tightly connected world where capitalism is so manifestly dangerous for people and planet?

scholarly journals Implications of concomitance in technical education financed by Pronatec in the Mato Grosso do Sul state education network (2012-2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (103) ◽  
pp. 406-425
Author(s):  
Arão Davi Oliveira ◽  
Valdivina Alves Ferreira ◽  
Celeida Maria Costa de Souza e Silva
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Technical Education ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Mato Grosso ◽  
State Education ◽  
The Government ◽  
Education Network ◽  
Education Courses ◽  
Mato Grosso Do Sul

Abstract The National Program for Access to Technical Education and Employment (Pronatec) is a program for financing technical education launched in 2011 under the government of Dilma Rousseff (2011-2016) enacted by Law 12.513/2011. Among its actions is the promotion of the Technical Education Networks in the states. This research study discusses the implications of concomitance in the technical education courses financed by Pronatec in the Mato Grosso do Sul State Education Network (REE / MS), in the period from 2012 to 2015. It is a documentary, bibliographical and empirical research study that uses Gramsci’s concept of “state” (1991) and Harvey’s of “flexible capital accumulation” (1992). Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four managers who participated at the implementation of Pronatec in the REE/MS, during the period studied. The results indicate that in the REE/MS the Pronatec prioritized courses concomitant with or subsequent to standard higher secondary education courses and that resulted in high dropout and failure rates in the studied period.

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