String Theory and Particle Physics

2019 ◽  
pp. 263-270
Author(s):  
Horaţiu Năstase
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics

No-scale supergravity inflation: A bridge between string theory and particle physics?

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (14) ◽  
pp. 1630027 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Supergravity Models ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Effective Potential ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Inflationary Model ◽  
New Wave ◽  
Microwave Background ◽  
Supergravity Theory ◽  
Text Model

The plethora of recent and forthcoming data on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) data are stimulating a new wave of inflationary model-building. Naturalness suggests that the appropriate framework for models of inflation is supersymmetry. This should be combined with gravity in a supergravity theory, whose specific no-scale version has much to commend it, e.g. its derivation from string theory and the flat directions in its effective potential. Simple no-scale supergravity models yield predictions similar to those of the Starobinsky [Formula: see text] model, though some string-motivated versions make alternative predictions. Data are beginning to provide interesting constraints on the rate of inflaton decay into Standard Model particles. In parallel, LHC and other data provide significant constraints on no-scale supergravity models, which suggest that some sparticles might have masses close to present experimental limits.

scholarly journals Gravity cells as a necessary link in string theory. Energy and frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings. Obtaining a formula for determining the gravitational constant and a formula for determining the mass of an electron. The coincidence of the results obtained with the experimental data.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Chernov
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Gravitational Constant ◽  
Gravitational Interaction ◽  
Physical Constant ◽  
The Body ◽  
Electron Mass ◽  
New Formula ◽  
Schwarzschild Radius

Abstract In this study, a new concept is introduced - gravitational cells. The body of a black hole consists of a huge number of such cells. This hypothesis from particle physics has been organically built into string theory. As a result, using the formula for the Schwarzschild radius and the Coulomb formula, a formula was obtained to determine the gravitational constant in the region of black holes and its value was determined. The value of the usual gravitational constant has been confirmed. Also, a new physical constant was obtained - the mass of the gravitational cell of a black hole. The introduction of the hypothesis of gravitational cells into string theory allowed us to apply Planck's formula to gravitational interaction. As a result, the formula for the quantum of the gravitational field was obtained and the frequency of vibrations of gravitational strings was calculated. Based on this, a formula was obtained to determine the mass of an electron. The electron mass calculated by the new formula coincided with the known experimental value. In this work, it was also proved that the vibration frequency of gravitational strings is directly proportional to the ratio of the mass of an electron and a proton inside the gravitational cell (and inside the atom). The formula for the dependence of the gravitational constant on the magnitude of the electron mass was obtained and confirming calculations were made.

scholarly journals Emergent fields from hidden sectors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2105 (1) ◽  
pp. 012002
Author(s):  
Pascal Anastasopoulos
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Field Theories ◽  
Gauge Fields ◽  
Quantum Field Theories ◽  
Quantum Field

Abstract The present research proceeding aims at investigating/exploring/sharpening the phenomenological consequences of string theory and holography in particle physics and cosmology. We rely on and elaborate on the recently proposed framework whereby four-dimensional quantum field theories describe all interactions in Nature, and gravity is an emergent and not a fundamental force. New gauge fields, axions, and fermions, which can play the role of right-handed neutrinos, can also emerge in this framework. Preprint: UWThPh 2021-8

scholarly journals PROGRESS IN WEAKLY COUPLED STRING PHENOMENOLOGY

2002 ◽  
Vol 17 (supp01) ◽  
pp. 70-83
Author(s):  
MARY K. GAILLARD
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Heterotic String ◽  
Particle Spectrum ◽  
Heterotic String Theory ◽  
Hidden Sector ◽  
String Phenomenology ◽  
Weakly Coupled

The weakly coupled vacuum of E8 ⊗ E8 heterotic string theory remains an attractive scenario for particle physics. The particle spectrum and the issue of dilaton stabilization are reviewed. A specific model for hidden sector condensation and supersymmetry breaking, that respects known constraints from string theory, is described, and its phenomenological and cosmological implications are discussed.

scholarly journals Geography of fields in extra dimensions: String theory lessons for particle physics

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (10) ◽  
pp. 1530008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Peter Nilles ◽  
Patrick K. S. Vaudrevange
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Extra Dimensions ◽  
Model Building ◽  
Unified Theory ◽  
Fundamental Interactions ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Physics Model ◽  
String Theories

String theoretical ideas might be relevant for particle physics model building. Ideally one would hope to find a unified theory of all fundamental interactions. There are only a few consistent string theories in D = 10 or 11 spacetime dimensions, but a huge landscape in D = 4. We have to explore this landscape to identify models that describe the known phenomena of particle physics. Properties of compactified six spatial dimensions are crucial in that respect. We postulate some useful rules to investigate this landscape and construct realistic models. We identify common properties of the successful models and formulate lessons for further model building.

scholarly journals STRING THEORY, THE CRISIS IN PARTICLE PHYSICS AND THE ASCENT OF METAPHORIC ARGUMENTS

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (13n14) ◽  
pp. 2373-2431 ◽  
Author(s):  
BERT SCHROER
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Critical Evaluation ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
Space Time ◽  
Particle Theory ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Additional Support ◽  
Oscillator Quantum

This essay presents a critical evaluation of the concepts of string theory and its impact on particle physics. The point of departure is a historical review of four decades of string theory within the broader context of six decades of failed attempts at an autonomous S matrix approach to particle theory. The central message, contained in Secs. 5 and 6, is that string theory is not what its name suggests, namely a theory of objects in space–time whose localization is string-instead of pointlike. Contrary to popular opinion, the oscillators corresponding to the Fourier models of a quantum-mechanical string do not become embedded in space–time and neither does the "range space" of a chiral conformal QFT acquire the interpretation of stringlike-localized quantum matter. Rather, string theory represents a solution to a problem which enjoyed some popularity in the 1960s: find a principle which, similar to the SO (4,2) group in the case of the hydrogen spectrum, determines an infinite component wave function with a (realistic) mass/spin spectrum. Instead of the group theory used in the old failed attempts, it creates this mass/spin spectrum by combining an internal oscillator quantum mechanics with a pointlike-localized quantum-field-theoretic object, i.e. the mass/spin tower "sits" over one point and does not arise from a wiggling string in space–time. The widespread acceptance of a theory whose interpretation has been based on metaphoric reasoning had a corroding influence on particle theory, a point which will be illustrated in the last section with some remarks of a more sociological nature. These remarks also lend additional support to observations on connections between the discourse in particle physics and the present Zeitgeist of the post–Cold War period that are made in the introduction.

scholarly journals STATUS OF SUPERSTRING AND M-THEORY

2010 ◽  
Vol 25 (25) ◽  
pp. 4703-4725 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN H. SCHWARZ
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
M Theory ◽  
Viable Model

The first lecture gives a colloquium-level overview of string theory and M-theory. The second lecture surveys various attempts to construct a viable model of particle physics. A recently proposed approach, based on F-theory, is emphasized.

scholarly journals Dark energy and quantum gravity

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1944018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Berglund ◽  
Tristan Hübsch ◽  
Djordje Minić
Keyword(s):  
Dark Energy ◽  
String Theory ◽  
Quantum Gravity ◽  
Cosmological Constant ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
Dual Space ◽  
Planck Scale ◽  
De Sitter Spacetime ◽  
De Sitter ◽  
Sitter Spacetime

Realizing dark energy and the observed de Sitter spacetime in quantum gravity has proven to be obstructed in almost every usual approach. We argue that additional degrees of freedom of the left- and right-movers in string theory and a resulting doubled, noncommutatively generalized geometric formulation thereof can lead to an effective model of dark energy consistent with de Sitter spacetime. In this approach, the curvature of the canonically conjugate dual space provides for the dark energy inducing a positive cosmological constant in the observed spacetime, whereas the size of the above dual space is the gravitational constant in the same observed de Sitter spacetime. As a hallmark relation owing to a unique feature of string theory which relates short distances to long distances, the cosmological constant scale, the Planck scale and the effective TeV-sized particle physics scale must satisfy a see-saw-like formula — precisely the generic prediction of certain stringy cosmic brane type models.

scholarly journals Local string models and moduli stabilisation

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (07) ◽  
pp. 1530004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Quevedo
Keyword(s):  
String Theory ◽  
Supersymmetry Breaking ◽  
Large Volume ◽  
Particle Physics ◽  
General Structure ◽  
Local Models ◽  
The Past ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
String Models

A brief overview is presented of the progress made during the past few years on the general structure of local models of particle physics from string theory including: moduli stabilisation, supersymmetry breaking, global embedding in compact Calabi–Yau compactifications and potential cosmological implications. Type IIB D-brane constructions and the Large Volume Scenario (LVS) are discussed in some detail emphasising the recent achievements and the main open questions.

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