scholarly journals Governing Through Rituals: Regulatory Ritualism in Czech Migration and Integration Policy

2021 ◽  
pp. 115-134
Author(s):  
Karel Čada ◽  
Karina Hoření
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Normative Order ◽  
Term Labour

AbstractThe Czech Republic has become the target of immigration over only the last three decades; currently, migrants compose 4.5% of the population. Governments in the previous decade have supported the vision of short-term labour migration, and foreigners face many administrative obstacles given the difficult legislation. We employ the concept of regulatory ritualism to grasp the distinctive features of the Czech system. Following Power (The audit society. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997) and Braithwaite (Regulatory capitalism: how it works, ideas for making it work better. Edward Elgar, Cheltenham/Northampton, 2008), we see regulation as a ritualised practice that comforts the public and cements the dominant normative order of migration policy. In this chapter, we introduce the historical and political context of migration policy, its institutional design, the Act on Residence of Foreign Nationals in the Czech Republic, the position of foreigners in Czech labour law, Czech integration policy and the consequences of recent institutional design for migrants. The main barriers of integration are difficult administration, poor knowledge of the language and precarious working conditions. Regulatory ritualism, a result of chaotic and unsystematic legislative work, is characterized by losing focus on achieving the goals or outcomes themselves, it establishes a climate of mutual distrust among those actors involved and places obstacles to collaboration between public authorities and migrants themselves.

scholarly journals The Czech Republic and the Reality of Migrant Integration Policy in the Context of European Integration

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena Bauerová
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
European Integration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Cultural Resistance ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Migration Crisis ◽  
Mainstream Society ◽  
And Migration

This study has confirmed that the Czech Republic (CR) is an example of a state whose integration and migration policy is very restrictive. Its integration and migration policies have been influenced mainly by migratory flows, economic crises, and European integration. In terms of Europeanisation, it is obvious that the CR carried out fundamental reform in the area of integration and migration policy under the influence of the EU. The implementation of rules in practice has been inadequate. The Czech Republic has recognised and identified the weaknesses of both policies but has not eliminated these weaknesses in practice. The main weakness lies in the fact that both policies are heavily centralised. Local authorities and NGOs do not have sufficient powers and financial resources; moreover, local authorities have no legal obligation to participate in integration. There is a disparity between regions resulting from the unequal concentration of foreigners. A long-term problem is the cultural resistance of society and the requirement for foreigners to assimilate into mainstream society. The migration crisis has increased state activity in the area of migration and integration policy. This is not a manifestation of Europeanisation, but a defence of state interests.

scholarly journals Methods for Estimating Avoidable Costs of Excessive Alcohol Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4964
Author(s):  
Beata Gavurova ◽  
Miriama Tarhanicova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cost Of Disease ◽  
Lost Productivity ◽  
Excessive Alcohol ◽  
The Cost

Background: Alcohol is a risk factor with serious consequences for society and individuals. This study aims to present methods and approaches that might be used to estimate the costs related to excessive alcohol consumption. It emphasizes the need for general methods and approaches that are easily applicable, because the level of digitalization and data availability vary across regions. The lack of data makes many methods inapplicable and useless. The ease of applicability will help to make cost-of-illness studies and their results comparable globally. Methods: This study is based on data from the Czech Republic in 2017. Drinking alcohol results in costs of healthcare, social care, law enforcement, and administrative costs of public authorities. To quantify the cost of drinking in the Czech Republic, the top-down approach, bottom-up approach, human capital approach and attributable fractions were used. Results: In 2017, the cost related to alcohol was estimated at 0.66% of the national GDP. Lost productivity represented 54.45% of total cost related to alcohol. All cost related to alcohol is considered to be avoidable. Conclusions: The methods and approaches applied to estimate the cost of disease or any other health issue should be generalized regarding the availability of data and specifics of provided services to people who are addicted or have any kind of disability.

Sharing Datasets of the COVID-19 Pandemic in the Czech Republic (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Komenda ◽  
Jiří Jarkovský ◽  
Daniel Klimeš ◽  
Petr Panoška ◽  
Ondřej Šanca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
General Public ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Online News ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Aggregated Data ◽  
Open Datasets ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

BACKGROUND At the time of the COVID-19 pandemic, the impact of providing access to data plays a crucial role in providing the general public and media with up-to-date information. Open datasets also represent one of the means for evaluation of the pandemic on a global level. OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper is to describe the methodical and technical framework for publishing datasets describing basic and advanced epidemiological characteristics related to the COVID-19 epidemic in the Czech Republic, including the use of these datasets in practice. METHODS As a reaction to the epidemic situation, a new portal COVID‑19: Current Situation in the Czech Republic was developed and launched in March 2020 to provide a fully-fledged and trustworthy source of information for the public and media. The portal also contains a section for the publication of (i) public open datasets available for download in CSV and JSON formats and (ii) authorized-access-only section where the authorized persons can (through an online generated token) safely visualize or download regional datasets with aggregated data at the level of the individual municipalities and regions. The data are also provided to the local open data catalogue of the Ministry of Health and to the National Catalogue of Open Data. RESULTS The datasets have been published in various authentication regimes and widely used by general public, scientists, public authorities and decision-makers. The total number of API calls since its launch in March 2020 to 15th December 2020 exceeded 13 million. The datasets have been adopted as an official and guaranteed source for outputs of third parties, including public authorities, non-governmental organizations, scientists and online news portals. CONCLUSIONS Datasets currently published as open data meet the 3-star open data requirements, which makes them machine-readable and facilitates their further usage without restrictions. This is essential for making the data more easily understandable and usable for data consumers. In conjunction with the strategy of the MH in the field of data opening, additional datasets meeting the already implemented standards will be also released, both on COVID-19 related and unrelated topics.

scholarly journals CONTEXT OF MIGRATION AND RECOGNITION OF EDUCATION

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-164
Author(s):  
Dagmar Kostrhunova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Further Education ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Human Movements ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Foreign Education

This contribution defines the conflicts that international migration brings in connection with the increased number of applicants for recognition of foreign education in the Czech republic. The migration of people has been increasingly observed since the so-called Arab Spring 2011 until now. Globalization or connecting the whole world is a current trend that people are learning to accept. Each country receiving migrants determines its own strategy, rules, and approach to migration. „It is estimated that today about 150 million people live outside their homeland“ (Siskova, 2001: 18). With the increased migration and globalization, there has been an increased number of applicants in the Czech Republic for the recognition of education, serving mainly for further higher education. At the same time, for gaining job opportunities, for using foreign experience and, last but not least, for finding better living conditions. „The main determinants of human movements can be considered differences in the wealth of individual economies, living standards and stability in given societies“ (Siskova, 2001: 19). The aim of the contribution is to get acquainted with the basic concepts of migration and migration policy in connection with the recognition of education in the Czech Republic from foreign countries and whether increased migration of persons related to the recognition of foreign education and the acquisition of further education of foreigners in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Competitiveness of the Regions in the Czech Republic from the Perspective of Disaster Risk Financing

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 115-131
Author(s):  
Alena Oulehlova ◽  
Ales Kudlak ◽  
Rudolf Urban ◽  
Eva Hoke
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Implementation Phase ◽  
Fund Allocation ◽  
Regional Budget ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Crisis Situations

Mitigation of the impact of disasters and increasing resilience represent an inseparable part of the competitiveness of regions that cannot be implemented without a necessary resource framework. The paper focuses on the issue of financing individual phases of disaster management at the level of regions in the Czech conditions. The article is based on the assumption that public authorities do not systematically plan funds for dealing with crisis situations in the expenditure part of the budget, thereby not supporting the structural and functional conditions of territorial attractiveness, security and sustainability. The aim of the article is to propose a unique calculation of the minimum fund allocation for individual phases of disaster risk reduction at the regional level. The calculation concept is based on the value of the property owned by the region, the number of crisis situations predicted in the region, the number of crisis situations predicted in the Czech Republic, the administrative territory of the region and the total expenditures of the regional budget. The article presents a specific national approach to the public fund allocation to the individual disaster risk management phases, providing competitive administration and progressive and resilient development of the region. Based on the originally elaborated calculation, a comparative analysis of the expenditure part of 13 regional budgets for the 2013– 2019 period was performed. The premise on the insufficient financing of disaster management was confirmed, although the Crisis Management Act imposes this obligation. The results showed that the most underfunded area was the implementation phase.

Analysis of the potential evapotranspiration demands in the Czech Republic between 1961–1990

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (19) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Pivec ◽  
Václav Brant ◽  
Dalibor Moravec
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Potential Evapotranspiration ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Cylindrical Projection ◽  
Digital Elevation ◽  
Previous Decade ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
The Many

AbstractDynamics of the evapotranspirational demands in the Czech Republic within three decades from 1961 to 1990 has been studied. The determination of the levels of influence of the respective natural components depends on the regionalized modelling techniques. The project of regionalized modelling is theoretically based on the potential evapotranspiration values (ET 0) calculated by FAO methodology (eqs. 1, 2) and the series of temperature and rainfall observations obtained by climatologic stations during a 30-year period from 1961 to 1990 and its relation to the absolute altimetric. The DMR-2 military digital elevation model of the Czech Republic relief consisting of a regular network of points with their altitudes specified in meters was used for the purpose of regionalized modelling. One step of the network in the S-42 coordinate system with the Gauss conforms cylindrical projection is equal to 100 meters; this implies that the smallest area for which the data can be processed is 1 hectare. The digital relief model can be linked to both direct (temperature, precipitation) and derived (evapotranspiration) quantities, which is one of the many novelties of regionalized modelling. The climatic data used in regionalized modelling records daily measurements were obtained by 85 climatologic and rainfall-monitoring stations from 1961 to 1990. Our results showed an appreciable decrease of the most drying area (ratio P/ET0 up to 0.755) in the last decade 1981–90; half as less amounts compared with the previous decade 1971–80 (about 500,000 hectares). On the other hand, an apparent increase (more than 500,000 hectares in comparison with the previous decade 1971–80) of the wettest area (ratio P/ET0 over 1.508) through the last decade was observed. Both first decades 1961–70 and 1971–80 look similar. The project mentioned in this article has made it possible to create models for the different time intervals which have showed higher reliability for heterogeneous application.

scholarly journals Who’s afraid of institutionalizing health technology assessment (HTA)?: Interests and policy positions on HTA in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Löblová
Keyword(s):  
Health Policy ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Health Technology Assessment ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Institutional Design ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Policy Positions ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
Elite Interviews

AbstractThis article identifies the interests and policy positions of key health policy stakeholders regarding the creation of a health technology assessment (HTA) agency in the Czech Republic, and what considerations influenced them. Vested interests have been suggested as a factor mitigating the diffusion of HTA bodies internationally. The Czech Republic recently considered and discarded establishing an HTA agency, making it a good case for studying actors’ policy positions throughout the policy debates. Findings are based on in-depth, semi-structured expert and elite interviews with 34 key Czech health policy actors, supported by document analysis and extensive triangulation. Findings show that the HTA epistemic community of ‘aspiring agents’ was the only actor strongly in favor of an HTA body. Payers and the medical device and diagnostics industry were against it; patients and clinicians had no clear preferences. Original decision-makers were in favor but a new minister of health opted for a simpler policy alternative to solve his need for expertise. Existing institutions, policy alternatives and the institutional design of a future HTA body influence domestic actors’ preferences for or against an HTA agency. Domestic and international proponents of HTA should give serious thought to their concerns when advocating for HTA bodies.

scholarly journals THE FUNDAMENTAL SPATIAL DATA IN THE PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION REGISTERS

2016 ◽  
Vol XLI-B4 ◽  
pp. 171-174
Author(s):  
V. Čada ◽  
K. Janečka
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Communication Networks ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Information Source ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Data Infrastructure ◽  
Private And Public

The system of basic registers was launched in the Czech Republic in 2012. The system provides a unique solution to centralize and keep actual most common and widely used information as a part of the eGovernment. The basic registers are the central information source for information systems of public authorities. In October 2014, the Czech government approved the conception of The Strategy for the Development of the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the Czech Republic to 2020 (GeoInfoStrategy) that serves as a basis for the NSDI. The paper describes the challenges in building the National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) in the Czech Republic with focus on the fundamental spatial data and related basic registers. The GeoInfoStrategy should also contribute to increasing of the competitiveness of the economy. Therefore the paper also reflects the Directive 2014/61/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council on measures to reduce the cost of deploying high-speed electronic communication networks. The Directive states that citizens as well as the private and public sectors must have the opportunity to be part of the digital economy. A high quality digital infrastructure underpins virtually all sectors of a modern and innovative economy. To ensure a development of such infrastructure in the Czech Republic, the Register of passive infrastructure providing information on the features of passive infrastructure has to be established.

scholarly journals Attracting Skilled Migration to the Czech Republic – Lagging Behind?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana N. Hlaváčková ◽  
Lucie Macková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Integration Policy ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Skilled Migration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Shed Light

This paper attempts to explore the issue of skilled migration and the approach of the Czech Republic when it comes to attracting and retaining foreign skilled workers. The global competition for talent has been a prominent issue in migration studies, mainly because it has been shown that qualified migration can have a positive impact both on the countries of origin and of destination. The Czech Republic, with its low levels of unemployment, might benefit from the human capital offered by the skilled migration, and yet, there is surprisingly little debate about the type of migration the Czech Republic wants to attract. At best, this debate is driven by short-term employer demands. Surprisingly, there is little research about skilled migration to the Czech Republic and other CEE states despite its clear benefits. This paper will explore the Czech policies and programmes dealing with skilled migration and the possible caveats of these programmes. The main aim of this contribution, done by qualitative and quantitative content analysis, is to analyze past and ongoing programmes of migration and integration policy of the Czech Republic regarding skilled migration. Furthermore, it attempts to shed light on the discursive, implementation, and efficacy gaps in the Czech policies.

Environmental impairment liability in the czech republic

1997 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Tošovská
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Public Authorities ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Subject ◽  
European Harmonisation ◽  
Direct Management ◽  
Successful Analysis ◽  
Economic Instrument

The subject treated in this article is environmental impairment liability, which becomes a still more important legal and economic instrument of environmental policy complying with claim of denationalization. It is a market-conforming instrument not requiring that the public authorities will focus their activities on direct management of microeconomic agents. The article reflects: brief description of the functions and position of environmental impairment liability among the other tools of environmental policy; evaluation of the extent to which the initiatives aimed at European harmonisation have been successful; analysis of the present state of works on environmental impairment liability legislation in the Czech Republic.

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