The Effects of Demographic Variables on Measuring Perceived Risk

2014 ◽  
pp. 663-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. -W. Mitchell ◽  
Pari Boustani
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Demographic Variables

An empirical test of an Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes model

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-600 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Benamati ◽  
Zafer D. Ozdemir ◽  
H. Jeff Smith
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Information Privacy ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Privacy Concerns ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Level Of Analysis

This study extends privacy concerns research by providing a test of a model inspired by the ‘Antecedents – Privacy Concerns – Outcomes’ (APCO) framework. Focusing at the individual level of analysis, the study examines the influences of privacy awareness (PA) and demographic variables (age, gender) on concern for information privacy (CFIP). It also considers CFIP’s relationship to privacy-protecting behaviours and incorporates trust and risk into the model. These relationships are tested in a specific, Facebook-related context. Results strongly support the overall model. PA and gender are important explanators for CFIP, which in turn explains privacy-protecting behaviours. We also find that perceived risk affects trust, which in turn affects behaviours in the studied context. The results yield several recommendations for future research as well as some implications for management.

Managers’ perception of mobile technology adoption in the Life Insurance industry

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 507-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Visvanathan Naicker ◽  
Derrick Barry Van Der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Technology Adoption ◽  
Mobile Technology ◽  
Life Insurance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Insurance Industry ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Life Insurance Industry

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors that influence the adoption of mobile technology by considering the information technology (IT) managers’ perception. The research identified the key challenges managers faced and whether management would adopt mobile technology or not. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative approach was used for this research, whereby an explanatory research was utilised. Questionnaires were developed and distributed to respondents who were in management and leadership positions and who were responsible for IT within their organisations. Demographic variables of age, gender differences, level of education, level of experience and culture were tested for association to the perceived factors and adoption. A χ2 of association was used to test the association between demographic variables and mobile technology adoption. Findings The results found that perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived complexity and perceived cost are important factors for adoption. However, perceived risk was a key factor in the adoption of mobile technology. Mobile strategy adoption must consider perceived risk factors central to the adoption. The younger generation (20 to 40) years found it easier to adopt technology than the older generation of 41 years and older. Individuals with a post matriculation level of education understood the importance of risk and cost required for adoption. Research limitations/implications Purposive sampling from a single industry (Life Insurance) was used. Limited literature was available regarding managers perception of mobile technology adoption in the Life Insurance industry. Practical implications The research offers managers insight into the important factors that need to be considered in adopting mobile technology. Originality/value With mobile technology being pervasive, the research seeks to provide managers with the insight in managing the adoption of the technology.

Achieving Superior Customer Experience: An Investigation of Multichannel Choices in the Travel and Tourism Industry of an Emerging Market

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 1049-1064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abeer A. Mahrous ◽  
Salah S. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Customer Experience ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Tourism Industry ◽  
Travel And Tourism ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Shopping Enjoyment

The travel and tourism industry is seeking to achieve consistently seamless experience for customers to stay connected with brands. This study offers an analysis of the interconnected customer experience journey based on an understanding of multichannel behavior. In particular, it identifies the psychographic and sociodemographic factors associated with three segments of multichannel consumers: multichannel shoppers, multichannel searchers, and store-prone shoppers of the travel and tourism industry. Data from a sample of 315 customers from the travel and tourism sector in Egypt were collected and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. The findings indicate that psychographic variables (shopping enjoyment, convenience seeking, customer innovativeness, perceived risk, Internet experience, frequency of travel, and channel experience) and some demographic variables (i.e., age and income) distinguish among the categories of multichannel shoppers, multichannel searchers, and store-prone shoppers. The study concludes with useful insights into the potential for developing multichannel strategy to achieve superior customer experience.

scholarly journals The effect of consumers' perceived risk from the COVID-19 pandemic on their stockpiling behaviour: An evaluation from the framework of planned behaviour theory

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1485-1503
Author(s):  
Alişan Baltacı
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Social Distance ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Test Reliability ◽  
Planned Behaviour ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Grocery Products

COVID-19 pandemic has affected the entire world and brought isolation, filiation, quarantine, lockdown, social distance, etc. concepts that are not a part of our daily lives. People have reflected this deviance in many ways, including changing the consumption behaviours that visual and written media express. One of these behaviours that arise with the pandemic is stockpiling. This research aims to study the effect of perceived risk on stockpiling behaviour for grocery products by applying the Planned Behaviour Theory frame. Data has been collected from 937 attendants. ANOVA, t-test, reliability analysis, factor analysis, and confirmatory factor analysis were applied to the collected data. It was found that effective risk has an essential effect on stockpiling behaviour. On the other hand, demographic variables seem to differentiate pandemic stockpiling behaviour for grocery products.

scholarly journals An Exploration of Hiking Risk Perception: Dimensions and Antecedent Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
pp. 1986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengxiang She ◽  
Yunzhang Tian ◽  
Lin Lu ◽  
Iveta Eimontaite ◽  
Ting Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Sensation Seeking ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Two Dimensions ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Physical Risk ◽  
Green Tourism ◽  
Psychological Risk

Hiking is a form of green tourism which deserves promotion and popularization, especially in present day China. However, the risks inherent in hiking could have a negative impact on the development of hiking tourism. It is important to better understand how people perceive the risks of hiking and what type of experience attributes they prefer. However, no studies have investigated the nature of risk perception from the perspective of hikers. This study explores the dimensions of the perceived risk of hiking and investigates the associated factors of hiking risk perception as well as hiking preference. A questionnaire with 18 items was used to capture people’s perception of hiking risks, and two groups of samples were surveyed. Generally, this study identified two dimensions of perceived risk towards hiking based on a sample of hikers, i.e., physical risk and psychological risk. Demographic variables such as gender, upbringing background, and hiking frequency were shown to predict hiking risk perception while gender and hiking frequency predicted route preference. The personality trait of sensation seeking appeared to be a significant predictor of hiking preference. These findings lend themselves to market segmentation and marketing strategies on hiking tourism.

Impact of Perceived Risk on Tourist Satisfaction and Future Travel Intentions: A Mediation–Moderation Analysis

2021 ◽  
pp. 097215092110362
Author(s):  
Manjula Chaudhary ◽  
Naser Ul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Kashmir Valley ◽  
Perceived Risks ◽  
Tourist Satisfaction ◽  
Natural Beauty ◽  
Mediation Moderation ◽  
Good Number ◽  
Insight Into

This research study is conducted in the Kashmir Valley, which is rated heavenly for its natural beauty. However, it is also perceived as risky by the outsiders since 1989. Earlier, it was a very popular destination for tourists and for shooting of films. Kashmir still gets good number of tourists, but the puzzle of impact of perceived risks on their behaviour still remains blurred. This research study is an attempt to understand the behaviour of tourists visiting Kashmir in terms of satisfaction from tour and future travel-related intentions as an outcome of perceived risk. Tourist satisfaction as mediator and demographic variables as moderator are carried out to gain insight into the behaviour of these tourists. The results of the study show that tourist satisfaction and future travel intentions of tourists in the Kashmir Valley are not impacted by their perception of risks. The results are a valuable input for DMOs that suggests that risks at the destination cannot be taken as the default barrier to the promotion of tourism. The necessary supply-side interventions at the destination to mitigate identified perceived risks by tourists and tourism relationship strategies at the demand side to address tour satisfaction can reflect in rewarding future travel intentions like revisits and recommendations.

scholarly journals The Role of Public Trust and Media in the Psychological and Behavioral Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Hadi Zarafshan ◽  
Sahar Khayam Bashi ◽  
Fatemeh Mohammadi ◽  
Ali Khaleghi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Public Trust ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Psychological Problems ◽  
Safety Behaviors ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Bivariate Correlation

Objective: We investigated the level of psychological problems, perceived risk, safety behaviors, and the potential roles of demographic variables, public trust, media, and prior anxiety to illness during the COVID-19pandemic among Iranians. Method: In this cross sectional study, using a convenient and snowball sampling method, we distributed an online questionnaire to participants and collected data on their demographic variables, mental health status, the consumption of and level of trust to various media, the level of public trust, and perceived risk and safety behaviors regards COVID-19. Our final sample consisted of 1881 Iranian residents. We used descriptive analysis, bivariate correlation, univariable and multivariable linear regression analysis, and univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis for data analysis. Results: The mental health problems have increased in comparison to past national survey; 24.1% vs 10.39% for depression, 37.93% vs 16.7% for social dysfunction, and 41.33% vs 29.5% for anxiety, and 31.12% vs 29.08% for somatization. We also found high percent of acute stress 52.71% (95% CI: 50.45-54.96). Being female, married, and having a higher educational level increased the odds of safety behaviors. Public trust and national media can regulate the negative effect of the pandemic, while increasing perceived risk and appropriate safety behaviors can decrease psychological problems and disorders. However, social media increases perceived risk, safety behaviors, and psychological problems, especially severe acute stress. Conclusion: We are in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic and its negative effects will increase. Many people have lost their relatives, their jobs, their social contacts, and are faced with a surge of negative news. Authorities should consider these critical issues and adopt appropriate communicative and supportive approaches to prevent their negative effects at both individual and societal levels.

scholarly journals Fine Art Insurance Policies and Risk Perceptions: The Case of Malta

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Luke Pavia ◽  
Simon Grima ◽  
Inna Romanova ◽  
Jonathan V. Spiteri
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Fine Arts ◽  
Educational Background ◽  
Fine Art ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Risk Exposure ◽  
Insurance Policies

The aim of this paper is to identify the risks that need to be addressed when holding fine art, determine which are perceived as being the most important, and whether the risk perception is influenced by demographic variables such as age, educational background, and field of occupation. To identify the risks and evaluate the risk perception, we used a purposely designed questionnaire and sent it via various sources of communication systems and applications to individuals knowledgeable on fine arts. Findings revealed that, generally, art deterioration, art fraud, and art theft are the three main highlighted risks, with art deterioration considered in the high-risk range. In terms of risk perception, forgery is the biggest concern. On the other hand, considerations of the investment value of art lessened perceived risk exposure. Furthermore, the study has shown that certain risk perceptions were influenced by the participants’ demographic variables. Both the identified risks and risk perception considerations analyzed within this study provide us with insights as to what needs to be considered when offering fine art insurance, particularly when it comes to which risks that are perceived as being the most pressing by potential policyholders, and how these perceptions vary according to individual demographics variables as noted above.

Acceptance of Cosmetic Surgery Among British Female University Students

2012 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viren Swami ◽  
Angela Nogueira Campana ◽  
Rebecca Coles
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Cosmetic Surgery ◽  
South Asians ◽  
Ethnically Diverse ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Appreciation ◽  
African Caribbean

Although patients of cosmetic surgery are increasingly ethnically diverse, previous studies have not examined ethnic differences in attitudinal dispositions toward cosmetic surgery. In the present study, 751 British female university students from three ethnic groups (Caucasians, South Asians, and African Caribbeans) completed measures of acceptance of cosmetic surgery, body appreciation, self-esteem, and demographic variables. Initial between-group analyses showed that Caucasians had lower body appreciation and self-esteem than Asian and African Caribbean participants. Importantly, Caucasians had higher acceptance of cosmetic surgery than their ethnic minority counterparts, even after controlling for body appreciation, self-esteem, age, and body mass index. Further analyses showed that ethnicity accounted for a small proportion of the variance in acceptance of cosmetic surgery, with body appreciation and self-esteem emerging as stronger predictors. Possible reasons for ethnic differences in acceptance of cosmetic surgery are discussed in Conclusion.

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