Indicators of Genetic Diversity, Genetic Erosion, and Genetic Vulnerability for Plant Genetic Resources

2015 ◽  
pp. 25-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. D. Brown ◽  
Toby Hodgkin
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability

Key issues facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ: overview of the range of challenges

2021 ◽  
pp. 139-154
Author(s):  
Paula Bramel ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ex Situ Collections ◽  
Key Issues ◽  
Market Preference ◽  
The Impact

This chapter reviews the key issues and challenges facing genebanks in preserving crop genetic diversity ex situ. Local crop genetic diversity is challenged with changes in land use, urbanization, land degradation, changes in agricultural practises, availability of improved varieties, changes in market preference, and the impact of climate change. Efforts have been made to secure plant genetic resources ex situ for future use but there are significant issues related to cost effective, efficient, secure, rational, and sustainable long-term ex situ conservation. It begins by addressing issues for the composition of ex situ collections and moves on to discuss issues for routine operations for conservation. The chapter also highlights issues for the use of conserved genetic resources, before concluding with a summary of why the development of sustainable genebank systems is so important.

scholarly journals Biotechnology for Conservation and Utilization of Agricultural Plant Genetic Resources in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 49-59
Author(s):  
Bal Krishna Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
Agricultural Biodiversity ◽  
Agricultural Plant

Agricultural biodiversity is the basis of human life and food security. Nepal with 577 cultivated species possesses huge diversity at varietal as well as landrace levels. In most agricultural crops the rapid genetic erosion due to several reasons is a common phenomenon. Thus, considering the importance of agricultural biodiversity declared by Convention on Biological Diversity for sustainable food production, National Agriculture Genetic Resources Center (NAGRC) has been established for conservation and sustainable utilization of agricultural biodiversity. This paper thus delineates the application of biotechnological tools adopted by NAGRC for effective and efficient conservation and use of agricultural plant genetic resources (APGRs). Among the adopted technologies, tissue bank using shoot tip culture of vegetatively propagating and recalcitrant crops eg potato, sugarcane, banana, sweet potato, etc are in function. Under the molecular marker technology, currently random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers have been used for developing DNA profiles, identifying duplicates in the collections, assessing genetic diversity and screening accessions against economic traits. DNA bank has also been created for storing DNA of indigenous crops and these DNA can be accessed for research and study. Genotypic database has been developed for chayote, finger millet, wheat and maize for identification and selection of the accessions.Journal of Nepal Agricultural Research Council Vol.3 2017: 49-59

Distribution of genetic diversity in wild European populations of prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola): implications for plant genetic resources management

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. M. van de Wiel ◽  
T. Sretenović Rajičić ◽  
R. van Treuren ◽  
K. J. Dehmer ◽  
C. G. van der Linden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Crop Wild Relatives ◽  
Population Variation ◽  
Lactuca Serriola ◽  
Genetic Resources Management ◽  
Nbs Profiling ◽  
The Uk

Genetic variation in Lactuca serriola, the closest wild relative of cultivated lettuce, was studied across Europe from the Czech Republic to the United Kingdom, using three molecular marker systems, simple sequence repeat (SSR, microsatellites), AFLP and nucleotide-binding site (NBS) profiling. The ‘functional’ marker system NBS profiling, targeting disease resistance genes of the NBS/LRR family, did not show marked differences in genetic diversity parameters to the other systems. The autogamy of the species resulted in low observed heterozygosity and high population differentiation. Intra-population variation ranged from complete homogeneity to nearly complete heterogeneity. The highest genetic diversity was found in central Europe. The SSR results were compared to SSR variation screened earlier in the lettuce collection of the Centre for Genetic Resources, the Netherlands (CGN). In the UK, practically only a single SSR genotype was found. This genotype together with a few other common SSR genotypes comprised a large part of the plants sampled on the continent. Among the ten most frequent SSR genotypes observed, eight were already present in the CGN collection. Overall, the CGN collection appears to already have a fair representation of genetic variation from NW Europe. The results are discussed in relation to sampling strategies for improving genebank collections of crop wild relatives.

The use of ex situ conserved plant genetic resources

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Hodgkin ◽  
V. Ramanatha Rao ◽  
Angélica Cibrian-Jaramillo ◽  
Samy Gaiji
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Recent Information ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Barriers To Use ◽  
The Many

AbstractPlant genetic resources are conserved so that they can be used to improve crop plant pro- duction and in other ways. However, it is often asserted that use of ex situ conserved germplasm is inadequate and that genetic diversity maintained in genebanks is underutilized. In part, this reflects an incomplete recognition of what constitutes use of plant genetic resources, and of the many different ways in which material from genebanks contributes to improved agricultural production. Based on recent information from surveys of distribution of germplasm from genebanks, and from surveys of users, we suggest that the evidence indicates that there is substantial use of ex situ conserved materials for a wide range of different uses. We suggest that barriers to use of ex situ conserved germplasm may often result from a lack in numbers of users, and from limitations in capacity to effectively utilize the genetic diversity present in genebanks to reduce genetic vulnerability and increase sustainability in modern production systems.

scholarly journals Making Use of Sustainable Local Plant Genetic Resources: Would Consumers Support the Recovery of a Traditional Purple Carrot?

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (16) ◽  
pp. 6549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azucena Gracia ◽  
Ana María Sánchez ◽  
Francesc Jurado ◽  
Cristina Mallor
Keyword(s):  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Local Plant

Local plant genetic resources are of vital importance for the resilience of the agroecosystems, especially under conditions of global climate change. The diversification of production using these resources is postulated as an alternative for the development of rural areas with non-optimal farming conditions and/or disadvantaged by depopulation. However, in order to sustainably utilize local genetic resources, their use has also to provide products accepted by consumers. The aim of this study was to evaluate consumer acceptance of a local purple carrot that is a Spanish landrace at risk of genetic erosion from Teruel, a province in the Aragón region seriously affected by depopulation and extreme weather conditions, to contribute to its sustainable recovery. Consumer preferences for carrots with different characteristics (color, price, variety, and production system) were studied, and their willingness to pay (WTP) for the local purple carrots was assessed. Data from a survey conducted in this Spanish region was used. We identified two segments of consumers with different willingness to pay, hedonic liking, and intention to purchase the purple local carrots. These traditional purple carrots would be accepted by the segment of consumers more willing to pay for and more likely to purchase these carrots. The traditional purple carrots should be promoted, emphasizing that they are produced by a local landrace whose purple color is due to anthocyanic pigments with known antioxidant properties.

Exploring the Genetic Diversity of Some Squash (Cucurbita Maxima L.) Germplasm Using Morphological and Molecular Markers in Erzincan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
HALIL IBRAHIM OZTURK ◽  
Veysel Dönderalp ◽  
Hüseyin Bulut ◽  
Recep Korkut ◽  
Arash HOSSEINPOUR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Polymorphic Information Content ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Cucurbita Maxima ◽  
High Genetic Diversity ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Plant genetic resources constitute the most valuable assets of countries. It is of great importance to determine the genetic variation among these resources and to use the data in breeding studies. Cucurbita maxima species in the cucurbitaceae family have high genetic diversity, but its genetic diversity at the molecular level is inadequately characterized. Methods and Results To determine the genetic diversity among genotypes of Cucurbita maxima species of squash, which is widely grown in Erzincan, 14 different squash genotypes collected were examined based on the morphological parameters and molecular characteristics. SSR (Simple sequence repeat) markers were used to determine genetic diversity at the molecular level. The analysis of morphological characterization within genotypes showed a wide variability in morphological traits of plant, flower, fruit, and leaf. Seven SSR markers yielded a total of 23 polymorphic bands, the number of alleles per marker ranged from 2 to 5, and the mean number of alleles was 3.286. Polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.00 (GMT-M61) to 0.202 (GMT-P25), and the mean PIC value per marker was 0.130. Cluster analysis using Nei's genetic distance determined that 14 genotypes were divided into 3 major groups. Conclusions The SSR markers used were effective in distinguish among similar winter squash or pumpkin and therefore can be beneficial for consideration of Cucurbita maxima species diversity, screening of genetic resources and their selection.

Monitoring plant genetic resources for food and agriculture

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-80
Author(s):  
M. Ehsan Dulloo ◽  
◽  
Prishnee Bissessur ◽  
Jai Rana ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Global Level ◽  
Food And Agriculture ◽  
Monitoring Strategies ◽  
Genetic Level ◽  
Development Goals

This chapter reviews the methodologies developed to assess the extent of diversity of PGRFA at species, variety, and genetic level and examines the efforts made at global level in monitoring them at different scales. Efforts have been made to halt the loss of biodiversity (including genetic diversity) by United Nations Organizations (FAO, UNEP, UN) at setting of global targets (second Global Plan of Action on conservation and sustainable use of PGRFA, Aichi Targets and Sustainable Development Goals) and indicators have been established to monitor progress towards them. Yet none of the targets on genetic diversity have been achieved, due to a lack of implementable monitoring system that would allow progress to be accurately monitored. Further research is needed to improve the methodologies for monitoring plant genetic resources, particularly at the varietal and genetic level. The chapter discusses the opportunities and challenges as well as provides recommendations for future conservation and monitoring strategies that may safeguard PGRFA for posterity.

scholarly journals Genetic resources: the basis for sustainable and competitive plant breeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (spe) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciano Lourenço Nass ◽  
Mário Sérgio Sigrist ◽  
Cláudia Silva da Costa Ribeiro ◽  
Francisco José Becker Reifschneider
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Plant Genetic Resources ◽  
Genetic Vulnerability ◽  
Germplasm Banks

Plant genetic resources are the fuel for breeding, which in the search for higher yield and adapted genotypes, manipulates genes in order to meet the needs of farmers, and especially, of the current market. However, the use of accessions available in germplasm banks is low. Topics discussed in this paper emphasize the importance of plant genetic resources, and warn about problems related to genetic vulnerability; also, they discuss about aspects of costs involved in conservation and suggest recommendations for strengthening the area in Brazil.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document