Air Pollution and Cardiovascular Diseases (Risk Factors and the Myocardial Cell Defence)

2018 ◽  
pp. 303-313
Author(s):  
Antonio Vittorino Gaddi
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Myocardial Cell

Ambient air pollution and cardiovascular diseases: From bench to bedside

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 818-825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Vidale ◽  
Carlo Campana
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Air pollution has a great impact on health, representing one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Previous experimental and epidemiological studies suggested the role of pollutants as risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. For this reason, international guidelines included specific statements regarding the contribution of particulate matter exposure to increase the risk of these events. In this review, we summarise the main evidence concerning the mechanisms involved in the processes linking air pollutants to the development of cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Clinical profile of patients presenting with acute myocardial infarction

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 228
Author(s):  
Govinda Adhikari ◽  
Dilip Baral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Normal Sinus Rhythm ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Myocardial Cell ◽  
Anterior Wall ◽  
Clinical Profile

Background: Cardiovascular diseases are the number one cause of death globally. Cardiovascular diseases have emerged as a major health burden in developing countries. Myocardial infarction (MI) is defined by the demonstration of myocardial cell necrosis due to significant and sustained ischaemia. Author attempted to study the risk factors and clinical profile of patients with MI admitted in Cardiology Department of tertiary care center, Chitwan, Nepal.Methods: This descriptive retrospective study was conducted in College of Medical Sciences Teaching Hospital (CMS-TH), Chitwan, Nepal, from January 2016 to November 2017. Demographic features, cardiovascular risk factors, clinical presentation, Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings, regions of infarction and rhythm disturbances were studied and documented.Results: A total of 132 patients diagnosed with MI were studied. Most of the patients (90.15%) had ST-elevation MI (STEMI). The patients were predominantly male (87%). The majority of patients lied in the age group of 61-70 yrs (29.54%). The most common presenting symptom was chest pain (86.36%) followed by shortness of breath (42.42%) and vomiting (12.87%). Tobacco smoking/chewing (62.87%) was the major risk factor followed by hypertension (43.18%) and diabetes (34.09%). Majority of infarction occurred on anterior wall (52.94%). Most of the patients (90.90%) had normal sinus rhythm on ECG. On arrival to emergency department eight (6.06%) patients had cardiogenic shock and only one had congestive cardiac failure.Conclusions: STEMI was most common type of MI presenting to CMS-TH. Most of the patients were male and the most common risk factor contributing to MI was cigarette smoking. Most of the patients arrived more than 24 hours after onset of symptom.

scholarly journals Aerogenic pollutants as risk factors causing development of cardio-metabolic pathology (Review)

2021 ◽  
pp. 181-194
Author(s):  
A.E. Nosov ◽  
◽  
A.S. Baydina ◽  
O.Yu. Ustinova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution

Ambient air pollution causes approximately 3.3 million untimely deaths annually (2.1 deaths due to ischemic heart disease and 1.1 million deaths due to stroke). Mortality caused by ambient air pollution is higher than mortality due to such traditional risk factors as smoking, obesity, and elevated dextrose contents in blood. Relative risk of mortality amounts to 1.26 (95 % CI 1.08–1.47) in cities with the highest air pollution against those where air pollution is the lowest. Occupational exposure to various chemical air pollutants can cause more than 1 million untimely deaths all over the world but its contribution to prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has not been determined sufficiently. Aerogenic pollutants are quite variable in their chemical structure and include both particulate matter (PM for short) and gaseous matter. The American Heart Association and the European Society of Cardiology consider PM2.5 to be a risk factor causing cardiovascular diseases. This analytical review presents data on effects produced by aerogenic pollutants on development of cardio-metabolic pathology and population mortality due to vascular and metabolic diseases (arterial hypertension, atherosclerosis and ischemic heart disease, heart rhythm disturbances, and type 2 diabetes mellitus). There are also data on mechanisms of pathogenetic influence exerted by aerogenic pollutants on development of such diseases including generation of anti-inflammatory and oxidative mediators and their release into blood flow; developing imbalance in the autonomic nervous system with prevailing activity of the sympathetic nervous system and disrupted heart rate variability; direct introduction of aerogenic pollutants from the lungs into blood flow with developing direct toxic effects. We have also analyzed literature data on protective effects produced by reduction in ambient air pollution on prevalence of cardiovascular pathology.

Apolipoprotein(a), Fibrinopeptide A and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Middle-Aged Men

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (04) ◽  
pp. 563-566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomo Rankinen ◽  
Sari Väisänen ◽  
Michele Mercuri ◽  
Rainer Rauramaa
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Bifurcation ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Fibrinopeptide A ◽  
Carotid Imt ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
The Difference

SummaryThe association between apolipoprotein(a) [apo(a)], fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide A (FPA) and carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) was analyzed in Eastern Finnish men aged 50 to 60 years. Apo(a) correlated directly with carotid bifurcation (r = 0.26, p = 0.001), but not with common carotid IMT. Men in the lowest quartile of apo(a) had thinner (p = 0.013) IMT in bifurcation [1.59 mm (95% Cl 1.49; 1.68)] compared to the men in the highest [1.91 mm (95% Cl 1.73; 2.09)] apo(a) quartile. The difference remained (p=0.038) after adjusting for confounders. Plasma fibrinogen was not related to carotid IMT, whereas FPA correlated with common carotid (r = 0.21, p = 0.016) and carotid bifurcation (r = 0.21, p = 0.018) IMT. These associations abolished after adjusting for the confounders. The data suggest that apo(a) associate with carotid atherosclerosis independent of other risk factors for ischemic cardiovascular diseases.

Digital risk analysis of cardiovascular diseases: new opportunities for the patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 149 (15) ◽  
pp. 677-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Csaba Arnold ◽  
Zoltán Englert ◽  
Csaba Szabadhegyi ◽  
Csaba Farsang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Vascular Diseases ◽  
Coronary Risk ◽  
Risk Status ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Graphic Presentation

Authors constructed a software helping the prevention programme of coronary and vascular diseases as the classical risk factors are used for graphic presentation of coronary risk as compared to “normal” risk. By repeated estimation alterations in coronary risk status can be compared to previous ones and thereby help evaluating the changes. This programme is highlighted by the presentation of changes in coronary risk of a patient during a 4-year-long period of her medical history. It is also shown how graphic presentation of risk can support the more effective treatment and patient care.

Assessment of risk factors for multifocal atherosclerosis in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass

2020 ◽  
pp. 157-161
Author(s):  
E. S. Filimonov ◽  
O. Yu. Korotenko ◽  
O. A. Rumpel ◽  
O. N. Blazhina
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Glycated Hemoglobin ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Coal Industry ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
The South ◽  
Coal Miners ◽  
Coal Enterprises

Introduction. The problem of high mortality from cardiovascular diseases is caused, among other things, by asymptomatic atherosclerosis, which proceeds latently for a long time and manifests itself as a serious vascular catastrophe, which is of particular importance for people working at production facilities with difficult and dangerous working conditions.The aim of the study was to assess the risk factors for atherosclerosis and the state of the vascular wall in the workers of the main professions of coal enterprises in the South of Kuzbass.Material and methods. In total, the study included 384 people (men), of whom 266 were the workers in coal mines in the South of Kuzbass and 118 people who were not employed in the coal industry, aged 40 to 55 years. The diagnosis of atherosclerosis was carried out on the ultrasound system “Vivid E9” of the manufacturing company GE using a linear sensor for measuring the thickness of the intima-media complex and visualization of atherosclerotic plaques. To identify significant risk factors, anthropometric, anamnestic data, indices of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, and the presence of arterial hypertension were studied.Results. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in intima-media thickness by more than 1 mm and / or the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not found: 60.2% among the miners and 62.3% among non-coal mining workers (p=0.703); at the same time, the percentage of detection of atherosclerotic plaques in arteries was significantly lower among coal workers — 46.9% versus 60.5% among people in the comparison group (p=0.016). The common risk factors for all examined subjects were arterial hypertension and increased level of glycated hemoglobin; in turn, in coal miners additional risk factors were increased values of low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases, and among the individuals not employed in the coal industry it was smoking.Conclusions. The most significant risk factors for atherosclerosis in coal industry workers were arterial hypertension, raised values of glycated hemoglobin, low density lipoproteins and waist-hip index, as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular diseases. Significant differences in the frequency of asymptomatic atherosclerosis in the form of an increase in the thickness of the intima-media complex of the main arteries and the presence of atherosclerotic plaques in both groups were not established, but the percentage of the detection of atherosclerotic plaques was lower among coal miners.The authors declare no conflict of interests.

Risk factors for cardiovascular diseases and the aging rate of copper-smelting production workers of the Sverdlovsk region

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Л.А. Коневских ◽  
◽  
Т.Т. Незамутдинова ◽  
С.Г. Астахова ◽  
А.Н. Вараксин ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Copper Smelting ◽  
Aging Rate

Occupational Stress and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Diseases

2005 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang Baek Koh ◽  
Sei Jin Chang ◽  
Jong Ku Park ◽  
Jun Ho Park ◽  
Dong Koog Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Occupational Stress
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