Air Pollution and the Health Preservation: The Point of View of a Clinician and of a Cardiologist

2018 ◽  
pp. 115-122
Author(s):  
Antonio Vittorino Gaddi ◽  
Michela Dimilta
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Point Of View

Air Quality Modeling and Metamodeling Approach

2011 ◽  
pp. 144-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miloslava Kašparová ◽  
Jirí Krupka
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Classification Problem ◽  
Air Quality Modeling ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Interaction Detection ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Quality Modeling ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Problematic Area

This chapter deals with modeling and metamodeling of air quality in the Pardubice region of the Czech Republic. From a regional point of view, the Pardubice district is the most problematic area in regards to air pollution. Concentrations of traffic, industry and power stations (Opatovice and Chvaletice) activities are the cause of this situation, although emissions of all pollutants have markedly decreased within the last ten years. A decrease in air pollution was achieved particularly by restriction and restructuring of industrial production, use of emission standards, changes in legislation in the area of air protection, etc. The mentioned air quality modeling belongs to classification tasks. It means the authors deal with the classification problem, with the creation of classification models (classifiers) and they focus on metamodeling (combining classifiers). Through the application of modeling and metamodeling the authors use selected algorithms of decision trees (C5.0, chi-squared automatic interaction detection and classification and regression trees) that belong to useful explanatory techniques.

scholarly journals Economic Evaluation of Renewable Fuels through Pollutants Derived from Internal Combustion Engine

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
György Szabados ◽  
Ákos Bereczky
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Renewable Fuels ◽  
External Costs ◽  
External Cost ◽  
Renewable Fuel ◽  
New Type ◽  
Biodiesel Fuels

Renewable fuels cannot be evaluated clearly as a part of sustainability from their air pollution point of view. A comparison test series have been conducted and from their results external cost has been calculated. Three different fuels and their controlled blends have been investigated, which are the fossil diesel, conventional, standardized biodiesel, and a new type, so called TBK-biodiesel. Fuels have been investigated in a bus Diesel-engine, which operated in steady state points. Air pollution components like CO2, CO, HC, NOx and particulate have been taken into consideration for the calculation. The calculation method is a self-made one. On the basis of the results it can be stated that the overall external costs are higher in all cases of engine operating if renewable fuel is blended in the tested fuel.

Travelers’ exposure to vibrations and noise depending on the type of transport – the results of pilot research

2019 ◽  
Vol 570 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-27
Author(s):  
Magdalena Matys ◽  
Kamil Piotrowski ◽  
Dominik Mleczko ◽  
Paweł Pawlik
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Pressure Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Vibration Acceleration ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
The Time Domain

For some time residents of big cities have been encouraged to change their means of transport, that is, to swap passenger cars for public transport vehicles. This is meant to help to reduce the problems associated with heavy traffic and air pollution. The authors of the article decided to check if such a change is also beneficial from the point of view of comfort and health of a person who uses public transport. For this purpose values of vibration acceleration and sound pressure level to which Cracow’s commuters are exposed to have been analyzed, depending on the type of vehicle they choose. In this respect measurements have been carried out for passenger cars, buses and trams. Two vehicle models of each type, significantly different from each other (old and new) have been selected for the tests. The measurements during a few trips in each type of vehicle on a predetermined route have been conducted. This article presents a comparison of measured values of vibroacoustic parameters in the time domain. It attempts to assess vibration and noise parameters, taking into account their impact on the health and comfort of the traveler.

scholarly journals Data mining methods for prediction of air pollution

2016 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 467-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krzysztof Siwek ◽  
Stanisław Osowski
Keyword(s):  
Data Mining ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Linear Method ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Forecasting Accuracy ◽  
Prognostic System ◽  
Prognostic Features ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract The paper discusses methods of data mining for prediction of air pollution. Two tasks in such a problem are important: generation and selection of the prognostic features, and the final prognostic system of the pollution for the next day. An advanced set of features, created on the basis of the atmospheric parameters, is proposed. This set is subject to analysis and selection of the most important features from the prediction point of view. Two methods of feature selection are compared. One applies a genetic algorithm (a global approach), and the other-a linear method of stepwise fit (a locally optimized approach). On the basis of such analysis, two sets of the most predictive features are selected. These sets take part in prediction of the atmospheric pollutants PM10, SO2, NO2 and O3. Two approaches to prediction are compared. In the first one, the features selected are directly applied to the random forest (RF), which forms an ensemble of decision trees. In the second case, intermediate predictors built on the basis of neural networks (the multilayer perceptron, the radial basis function and the support vector machine) are used. They create an ensemble integrated into the final prognosis. The paper shows that preselection of the most important features, cooperating with an ensemble of predictors, allows increasing the forecasting accuracy of atmospheric pollution in a significant way.

scholarly journals The exposome and meet-in-the-middle as tools in addressing open questions in air pollution research

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
C A Demetriou ◽  
D D Esposti ◽  
K P Fedinick ◽  
F Russo ◽  
O Robinson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Hallmarks Of Cancer ◽  
Molecular Fingerprints ◽  
Cancer Pathways ◽  
Mutational Spectra ◽  
Regulatory Policies ◽  
Open Questions ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
Proof Of Principle

Abstract Ambient particulate matter is the environmental factor with the highest contribution to global disease burden and mortality. Open questions remain regarding causality at low doses and the effects of specific pollutants. Establishing causality in regards to air pollution is methodologically challenging, affecting the establishment of regulatory policies. In an effort to address this problem, we suggest combining the concept of the exposome with the Meet-in-the-Middle approach (MITM). This approach consists of measuring molecular fingerprints and relating them retrospectively to measurements of external exposure and prospectively to a health outcome. Markers robustly associated with both ends of the exposure-to-disease continuum, validate a causal hypothesis5. In the context of carcinogenesis, this approach allows establishing the relationship between the middle-to-outcome nature of the hallmarks of cancer with the bottom-to-middle approaches of the key characteristics of carcinogens. We recently demonstrated proof of principle of this approach, by investigating the temporal sequence of hallmarks of cancer from the point of view of pathological specimens of cancer (branched mutational spectra), and then by considering the key characteristics of the carcinogen, benzo(a)pyrene. The main cancer pathways affected follow a generally common sequence: resisting cell death, insensitivity to anti-growth signals, sustained proliferation (almost simultaneous), deregulated energetics, replicative immortality, and activation of invasion and metastasis. Angiogenesis and avoiding immune destruction display a varying position in the above sequence. At the same time, “key characteristics” of BaP were found associated with most hallmarks of cancer, supporting its carcinogenicity. A MITM approach, using exposomic evidence, is a promising approach that can successfully address causality concerns in regards to air-pollution toxicology and the need for regulatory policies. Key messages Investigation of tumour mutational spectra and of the mechanisms of action of a carcinogen, reveals an overlap between the hallmarks of cancer and the key characteristics of the carcinogen. This investigation provides proof of principle that the exposome/meet-in-the-middle approach can address concerns in air-pollution toxicology and provide evidence to support regulatory policies.

scholarly journals Design, Development and Fabrication of Automobile Silencer for Exhaust Flow

2019 ◽  
pp. 367-379
Author(s):  
Namrata Agrawal ◽  
Arun Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Sound Level ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Exhaust Pipe ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Industrial Processing ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon

Air pollution is most important from the public health point of view, because every individual person breathes approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 Kg of air daily. Polluted air causes physical ill effect decides undesirable aesthetic and physiological effects. Air pollution can be defined as addition to our atmosphere of any material, which will have a dexterous effect on life upon our planet. The main pollutants contribute by automobiles are carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. Automobiles are not the only source of air pollution, other sources such as electric power generating stations, industrial and domestic fuel consumption, refuse burning, industrial processing etc. also contribute heavily to contamination of our environment so it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation. An aqua silencer is an attempt in this direction, it is mainly dealing with control of emission and noise. An aqua silencer is fitted to the exhaust pipe of engine. Sound produced under water is less hearable than it produced in atmosphere. This mainly because of small sprockets in water molecules, which lowers its amplitude thus, lowers the sound level. Because of this property water is used in this silencer and hence its name AQUA SILENCER. The noise and smoke level is considerable less than the conventional silencer, it is cheaper, no need of catalytic converter and easy to install.

scholarly journals Granny shows the way: Results from implementing an alternative fire-lighting method in Orange Farm

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 17-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Wentzel
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Wide Scale ◽  
Benefit Cost ◽  
Orange Farm

High levels of air pollution caused by domestic coal burning create human health problems and unwarranted economic loss. The associated health cost is estimated at R1.2 billion per annum. The Basa Njengo Magogo (BNM) alternative fire lighting method represents the highest impact on health from a benefit-cost and employment point of view since the method can potentially reduce ambient air pollution caused by the use of household coal in a relatively short period, by approximately 40-50%. In a pilot study funded by the Department of Minerals and Energy (DME), the method was demonstrated to 16 000 households through a series of direct demonstrations in Orange Farm. The study found that 99% of households who attended a demonstration used the BNM method and continued to use it after a month, households saved on average 25 kilograms of coal, translating in a R26 saving per month. A wide scale implementation of the BNM method holds the potential not only to reduce air pollution but also to result in coal and monetary savings for low-income households.

scholarly journals Design and Fabrication of Two-Wheeler Silencer Using Catalytic Convertor

2019 ◽  
pp. 223-228
Author(s):  
M. Ganesh ◽  
A. Sriramarvind ◽  
P. K. Saran Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Catalytic Converter ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Oxides Of Nitrogen ◽  
The Public ◽  
Unburned Hydrocarbon ◽  
The World ◽  
Two Wheeler

Air pollution is the biggest cause of environmental degradation in the world and it also cause health problems. The major source for these pollutions are industries & automobiles. In automobile pollutants can be reduced by using a catalytic converter the main aim of our project is fabricate the low cost catalytic converter for two wheeler. The emission contents namely NOx and HC are 90% reduced. From the public health point of view the is most important is Air pollution , because every individual person breathes approximately 22000 times a day, inhaling about 15 to 22 Kg of air daily. Polluted air causes physical ill effects and undesirable aesthetic and physiological effects. The main pollutants are contributed by automobiles which include carbon monoxide (CO), unburned hydrocarbon (UBHC), oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and Lead. So it is imperative that serious attempts should be made to conserve earth’s environment from degradation

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