The Impact of Biotechnology on Plant Breeding

2001 ◽  
pp. 325-328
Author(s):  
Christian Jung
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
The Impact

The Evolution of Plant Breeding: From the Farmer to the Industry

LAW REVIEW ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Chandra Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Market Competition ◽  
Market Concentration ◽  
Societal Welfare ◽  
Globalized World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Plant Components

The use of biotechnological tools and other techniques to improve crops has given rise to a significant increase in the patenting of plant components and plants. As a result of these trends, it becomes critical to examine the impact of concentration on market competition. This is especially important in a globalized world, where seed varieties are continuously imported and exported by countries with various levels of economic development. This aspect of globalization should be kept in mind while analyzing the consequences of market concentration on societal welfare.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Witcombe ◽  
A. Joshi ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
B. R. Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Farmer Participatory Research ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFarmer participatory approaches for the identification or breeding of improved crop cultivars can be usefully categorized into participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Various PVS and PPB methods are reviewed. PVS is a more rapid and cost-effective way of identifying farmer-preferred cultivars if a suitable choice of cultivars exists. If this is impossible, then the more resource-consuming PPB is required. PPB can use, as parents, cultivars that were identified in successful PVS programmes. Compared with conventional plant breeding, PPB is more likely to produce farmer-acceptable products, particularly for marginal environments. The impact of farmer participatory research on biodiversity is considered. The long-term effect of PVS is to increase biodiversity, but where indigenous variability is high it can also reduce it. PPB has a greater effect on increasing biodiversity although its impact may be limited to smaller areas. PPB can be a dynamic form of in situ genetic conservation.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF MOLECULAR GENETICS IN PLANT BREEDING: REALITIES AND PERSPECTIVES

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-15
Author(s):  
A. Zambelli
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Molecular Genetics ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Phenotypic Selection ◽  
Selection Marker ◽  
Breeding Strategies ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Dna Technology ◽  
The Impact

Even when conventional breeding was effective in achieving a continuous improvement in yield, Molecular Genetics tools applied in plant breeding contributed to maximize genetic gain. Thus, the use of DNA technology applied in agronomic improvement gave rise to Molecular Breeding, discipline which groups the different breeding strategies where genotypic selection, based on DNA markers, are used in combination with or in replacement of phenotypic selection. These strategies can be listed as: marker-assisted selection; marker-assisted backcrossing; marker assisted recurrent selection; and genomic selection. Strong arguments have been made about the potential advantages that Molecular Breeding brings, although little has been devoted to discussing its feasibility in practical applications. The consequence of the lack of a deep analysis when implementing a strategy of Molecular Breeding is its failure, leading to many undesirable outcomes and discouraging breeders from using the technology. The aim of this work is to trigger a debate about the convenience of the use of Molecular Breeding strategies in a breeding program considering the DNA technology of choice, the complexity of the trait of agronomic interest to be improved, the expected accuracy in the selection, and the demanded resources. Key words: DNA marker, selection, plant improvement.

Hygienic Assessment Of The Impact Of Adverse Factors On The State Of Operating Greenhouse Farms

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (04) ◽  
pp. 54-58
Author(s):  
Shavkat Mamirovich Turdiev ◽  
◽  
Dinara Makhkambaevna Khashirbaeva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
The State ◽  
Pests And Diseases ◽  
Fresh Vegetables ◽  
Technological Level ◽  
Greenhouse Plant ◽  
The Impact

Currently, along with the expansion of protected ground areas, the intensification of greenhouse crop production is carried out, providing for a higher organizational and technological level, providing effective ways to accelerate the growth and development of plants, as well as protect them from numerous pests and diseases. In solving the problems of supplying the country's population with fresh vegetables throughout the year, providing flower and ornamental plants, as well as carrying out year-round plant breeding, an important role should be played by greenhouse plant growing [5, 7, 11].

Impact of plant breeding on genetic diversity of agricultural crops: searching for molecular evidence

2006 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Bi Fu
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Genetic Background ◽  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Crop Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
The Impact

There is a long-standing concern that modern plant breeding reduces crop genetic diversity, which may have consequences for the vulnerability of crops to changes in pests, diseases, climate and agricultural practices. Recent molecular assessments of genetic diversity changes in existing genepools of major agricultural crops may shed some light on the impact of plant breeding on crop genetic diversity. Reviewing published assessments revealed different impacts of plant breeding on improved genepools, not only narrowing or widening their genetic base, but also shifting their genetic background. In general, the genome-wide reduction of crop genetic diversity accompanying genetic improvement over time is minor, but allelic reduction at individual chromosomal segments is substantial. More efforts are needed to assess what proportion of lost alleles is associated with undesirable traits.

scholarly journals Contributions of the Instituto Agronômico (IAC) for plant breeding

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (spe) ◽  
pp. 15-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Augusto Morais Carbonell ◽  
Oliveiro Guerreiro Filho ◽  
Walter José Siqueira
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Food Preferences ◽  
Public Institution ◽  
Research Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Registration Service ◽  
Made In

The Instituto Agronômico (IAC) is a public institution that was founded in 1887 and has the mission of generating science and transferring technologies for the agricultural sector. This paper describes the main achievements in plant breeding and the use of IAC's cultivars. The impact in the agribusiness sector is demonstrated by the release of research results, especially in the form of products such as seeds and seedlings of 90 species. Out of these, 955 cultivars were properly described, characterized and made available to farmers (636 of them are registered in the National Cultivar Registration Service). Between 1932 and 2012, IAC released an average of 12 cultivars per year, and in the period of 2003 to 2012, 185 cultivars were registered (one new cultivar every 20 days). The results can be evaluated by the representativeness of IAC in the use, customs and food preferences, among other possible measurements on the economic impact and/or return on investments made in the Institution.

scholarly journals Public-good plant breeding: What should be done next?

10.5912/jcb75 ◽  
1969 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J Dale
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Public Good ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Past Century ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Production Subsidies ◽  
Agriculture And Food ◽  
The Impact

Plant breeding has played a major role in improving crop production during the past century. From the birth of genetics to the early 1980s plant breeding was driven in the UK mainly by objectives directed primarily to the public good. Since that time most plant breeding has been transferred to the private sector, which must define objectives more narrowly in terms of commercial success. There were significant changes in agriculture over the 20th century, including the use of production subsidies to stimulate increase in crop production. Associated with these changes was a growing public unease about the impact of agriculture on the environment and an increasing dissociation between agriculture and food supply. It is within this context that the UK has recently decided to review whether to proceed with the commercial cultivation of genetically modified (GM) crops. To aid this decision the UK Government has supported a review of the science, economics and public attitudes associated with the decision. As part of this review there has been vigorous campaigning on the topic, which has become polarised and politicised. In considering a future for plant breeding, it is important that we take stock of breeding aims that are directed primarily at meeting public-good and needs-led objectives. Various examples of public-good breeding objectives are discussed. But in meeting future public-good objectives it is important that there is greater honesty and openness in a discussion that values all constructive contributors.

Farmer Participatory Crop Improvement. I. Varietal Selection and Breeding Methods and Their Impact on Biodiversity

1996 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Witcombe ◽  
A. Joshi ◽  
K. D. Joshi ◽  
B. R. Sthapit
Keyword(s):  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Participatory Plant Breeding ◽  
Participatory Varietal Selection ◽  
Farmer Participatory Research ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Impact On Biodiversity ◽  
The Impact

SUMMARYFarmer participatory approaches for the identification or breeding of improved crop cultivars can be usefully categorized into participatory varietal selection (PVS) and participatory plant breeding (PPB). Various PVS and PPB methods are reviewed. PVS is a more rapid and cost-effective way of identifying farmer-preferred cultivars if a suitable choice of cultivars exists. If this is impossible, then the more resource-consuming PPB is required. PPB can use, as parents, cultivars that were identified in successful PVS programmes. Compared with conventional plant breeding, PPB is more likely to produce farmer-acceptable products, particularly for marginal environments. The impact of farmer participatory research on biodiversity is considered. The long-term effect of PVS is to increase biodiversity, but where indigenous variability is high it can also reduce it. PPB has a greater effect on increasing biodiversity although its impact may be limited to smaller areas. PPB can be a dynamic form of in situ genetic conservation.

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