The Status of Water Resources in Minoan Times: A Preliminary Study

1996 ◽  
pp. 161-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas N. Angelakis ◽  
Stylianos V. Spyridakis
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
The Status ◽  
Preliminary Study

scholarly journals Assessment of Physical Water Scarcity in Africa Using GRACE and TRMM Satellite Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emad Hasan ◽  
Aondover Tarhule ◽  
Yang Hong ◽  
Berrien Moore
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Scarcity ◽  
Water Status ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Available Water ◽  
The Status ◽  
Trmm Precipitation

The critical role of water in enabling or constraining human well-being and socioeconomic activities has led to an interest in quantitatively establishing the status of water (in)sufficiency over space and time. Falkenmark introduced the first widely accepted measure of water status, the Water Scarcity Index (WSI), which expressed the status of the availability of water resources in terms of vulnerability, stress, and scarcity. Since then, numerous indicators have been introduced, but nearly all adopt the same basic formulation; water status is a function of “available water” resource—by the demand or use. However, the accurate assessment of “available water” is difficult, especially in data-scarce regions, such as Africa. In this paper, therefore, we introduce a satellite-based Potential Available Water Storage indicator, PAWS. The method integrates GRACE (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) satellite Total Water Storage (TWS) measurements with the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) precipitation estimates between 2002 and 2016. First, we derived the countries’ Internal Water Storage (IWS) using GRACE and TRMM precipitation data. Then, the IWS was divided by the population density to derive the PAWS per capita. Following the Falkenmark thresholds, 54% of countries are classified in the same water vulnerability status as the AQUASTAT Internal Renewable Water Resources (IRWR) method. Of the remaining countries, PAWS index leads to one or two categories shift (left or right) of water status. The PAWS index shows that 14% (~160 million people) of Africa’s population currently live under water scarcity status. With respect to future projections, PAWS index suggests that a 10% decrease in future water resources would affect ~37% of Africa’s 2025 population (~600 million people), and 57% for 2050 projections (~1.4-billion people). The proposed approach largely overcomes the constraints related to the data needed to rapidly and robustly estimate available water resources by incorporating all stocks of water within the country, as well as underscores the recent water storage dynamics. However, the estimates obtained concern potential available water resources, which may not be utilizable for practical, economic, and technological issues.

scholarly journals Remote-Sensing-Based Water Balance for Monitoring of Evapotranspiration and Water Stress of a Mediterranean Oak–Grass Savanna

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1418
Author(s):  
Elisabet Carpintero ◽  
Ana Andreu ◽  
Pedro J. Gómez-Giráldez ◽  
Ángel Blázquez ◽  
María P. González-Dugo
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Water Dynamics ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Oak Savannas ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sentinel 2

Mediterranean oak savannas (known as dehesas in Spain) are exposed to numerous threats from natural and economic causes. A close monitoring of the use of water resources and the status of the vegetation in these ecosystems can be useful tools for maintaining the production of ecological services. This study explores the estimation of evapotranspiration (ET) and water stress over a dehesa by integrating remotely sensed data into a water balance using the FAO-56 approach (VI-ETo model). Special attention is paid to the different phenology and contribution to the system’s hydrology of the two main canopy layers of the system (tree + grass). The results showed that the model accurately reproduced the dynamics of the water consumed by the vegetation, with RMSE of 0.47 mm day−1 and low biases for both, the whole system and the grass layer, when compared with flux tower measurements. The ET/ETo ratio helped to identify periods of water stress, confirmed for the grassland by measured soil water content. The modeling scheme and Sentinel-2 temporal resolution allowed the reproduction of fast and isolated ET pulses, important for understanding the hydrologic behavior of the system, confirming the adequacy of this sensor for monitoring grasslands water dynamics.

The application of spontaneous corpus cavernosum EMG to assess the status of cavernous smooth muscles, a preliminary study

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Mohamed Farid Roaiah ◽  
Ann Ali Abdel Kader ◽  
Ahmed Mohamed Hassanin ◽  
Mai Maged ◽  
Murshed Ahmed Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscles ◽  
Corpus Cavernosum ◽  
The Status ◽  
Preliminary Study

Study on Water Resources Management of Nantun Coal Mining Area

2012 ◽  
Vol 459 ◽  
pp. 421-423
Author(s):  
Sai Ming Yang
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Coal Mining ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Mining Area ◽  
Coal Mining Area ◽  
Country Study ◽  
The Status ◽  
Regional Sustainable Development ◽  
Water Resources Protection

Freshwater is in shortage in many parts of our country. Study on sustainable use of water resources is an inportant topic.Based on analyzing the status of destroy and pollution of water resources in Nantun coal mining area, Countermeasures of water resources protection and pollution prevention in Nantun coal mining area are put forward.These are beneficial to sustainable use of water resources in Nantun coal mining area and regional sustainable development.

Access to water resources in Belgium: strategies of public and private suppliers

Water Policy ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Aubin ◽  
Pierre Cornut ◽  
Frédéric Varone
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Winning Strategy ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
The Status ◽  
Access To Water ◽  
State Of Affairs ◽  
And Control ◽  
Privately Owned ◽  
Gain Access

Water suppliers adopt a variety of strategies to gain access to and control of water resources. In contrast to theoretical approaches which assert that the status of ownership determines water supplier strategies, we argue that supplier strategies depend on the activation of property rights and the specific public policies applied to the resource. These two components of the institutional water regime are thus factors that are more important in explaining the suppliers' strategies than the intrinsic characteristics of the water operator. We thus present two case histories of aquifer exploitation for drinking and mineral water production; we compare two companies in Belgium, one publicly and one privately owned. This comparison shows that the operator strategy is identical in both cases, regardless of whether the ownership status of the water supplier was public or private. Both companies attempted to appropriate the resource privately in order to maximize its security over the resource and its supply. In each case, the winning strategy consisted in gradually excluding all direct or indirect users of the resource such as competitors, farmers and residents. The aquifer was then effectively protected in quantity and quality over time; however this state of affairs does not necessarily entail sustainability of the resource in a broader sense, as social and economic aspects were not directly considered.

The Research on the Process of Water Resources Carrying Capacity and the Countermeasures of Water Resources Exploitation and Utilization

2014 ◽  
Vol 1010-1012 ◽  
pp. 1064-1069 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo Bin Ji ◽  
Yan Hua Wang ◽  
Fei Min Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Carrying Capacity ◽  
Development Trend ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Water Resources Carrying Capacity ◽  
Exploitation And Utilization ◽  
The Status ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Resources Exploitation ◽  
Exact Definition

Based on the comprehensive analysis of domestic and foreign scholars on the status on the basis of the definition, the water resources carrying capacity, we put forward a more exact definition of the water resources carrying capacity and expound its connotation, by analyzing of the research on water resources carrying capacity and its development trend of the scholars at home and abroad for many years, we put forward the effective measures to deal with the water resources.

The Status and Development Countermeasure Of Chinese Water Resources Argumentation for Planning

2014 ◽  
Vol 955-959 ◽  
pp. 3274-3278
Author(s):  
Xue Yi Wu ◽  
Xin Min Xie ◽  
Chuan Jiang Wei ◽  
Zhao Hui Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Resources Planning ◽  
Chinese Water ◽  
Technical Requirements ◽  
Development Countermeasure ◽  
The Status ◽  
Resources Planning

In order to grasp the status of water resources argumentation for planning in China and improve the level of the argumentation, the water resources argumentation for planning cases, the water resources planning cases and the water resources argumentation for project cases were analyzed. The ideas, contents and technical methods of water resources argumentation for planning were still under the influence of the water resources argumentation for project. Our results suggest that legislation, argumentation bases, technical requirements and pilot study should be completed further according to the planning characters.

scholarly journals Evaluation method of rain–flood resource utilization availability and its application in the Hanjiang River Basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 3557-3575
Author(s):  
Pengxin Deng ◽  
Gaohong Xu ◽  
Jianping Bing ◽  
Changjiang Xu ◽  
Jianwei Jia
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Flood Control ◽  
Evaluation Method ◽  
Utilization Rate ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
The Status ◽  
Hanjiang River ◽  
Flood Resource Utilization ◽  
Threshold Range

Abstract Rain–flood utilization refers to transforming some amount of rain or floodwater into ordinary water resources without decreasing flood control standards or damaging the ecological environment of rivers, which has gained widespread attention as it can alleviate water shortages and gain benefits. This paper put forward the evaluation method of rain–flood utilization availability at the distributed watershed scale. Based on the water node, some indices of rain–flood utilization availability were defined. Then the evaluation method and calculation process were unified. Finally, the status and potential of the rain–flood utilization of Hanjiang River Basin were analyzed. The results indicated that the rain–flood resource in the whole basin is 48.9 billion m3, the outflow is 29.9 billion m3, and the actual utilization is about 19.0 billion m3. The current available rain–flood amount and rain–flood utilization potential are 27.7 billion m3 and 11.0 billion m3, and the rain–flood utilization rate is 49.4%. Limited by regulation ability and the rain–flood resources, current rain–flood utilization has a clear threshold range. The potential utilization objects are mainly for a rainfall process of about two to ten years return period. The application in Hanjiang River Basin offers some practical information for assessing rain–flood utilization scientifically, and the premise for effectively guiding and formulating adaptive countermeasures for water resources management.

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