Organic Agriculture: Techniques to Improve Crop Production

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Somasundaram Eagan ◽  
Udhaya Nandhini Dhandayuthapani
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production

CERTIFICATION SUBSIDIZING AND ORGANIC PRODUCTION DEVELOPMENT

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 580-593
Author(s):  
M A. Bryzgalina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Saratov Region ◽  
Annual Volume ◽  
The Government

The demand for organic food is a prerequisite for the formation and development of organic agriculture, and the task of promoting it on domestic and foreign markets is among the priority ones. A serious problem in the sale of this category of goods to the domestic food markets of the country is the distrust of potential consumers. It is possible to solve this problem through certification and the use of a well-known brand. Certification of manufacturers of environmentally friendly products is a rather complicated and expensive procedure, therefore it is not available for most agricultural producers in the Saratov region. However, basing on the fact that today the task of developing the organic agriculture industry is set at the level of the government of the country, it is possible to solve this problem with the support of the state. The article examines the enterprises of the Saratov region of various legal forms, which do not use fertilizers and chemical means of crop protection in the production of crop production. Using the example of agricultural organizations and farms in the region, a mechanism for subsidizing certification of the most promising producers of organic wheat (winter and spring) is proposed, which includes the allocation of targeted subsidies for its implementation. As a criterion for the selection of applicants for this type of state support, as well as the distribution of budgetary resources between them, it is proposed to use the average indicator (potential) of the annual volume of organic production in the work. As a result, direct participants in certification subsidies were selected from the compiled sample of the studied enterprises that do not use chemical plant protection products and mineral fertilizers and the total annual volume of their marketable wheat was determined. The author determined the maximum cost of quality confirmation procedures for one enterprise, taking into account the increasing coefficients per one day of inspection, and also established the largest amount of budgetary resources that may be spent on the implementation of the proposed measure. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed certification subsidy mechanism, the author developed formulas for determining the selling price of products in the promising organic segment, taking into account its increase by the level of premium premiums.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ORGANIC CROP PRODUCTION

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 749-763
Author(s):  
A.V. Shelenok ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Slow Development ◽  
Organic Products ◽  
The World

The article examines intensive and organic technologies for growing agricultural crops, their impact on the environment, human health, indicates what are the advantages and disadvantages of organic agriculture. It is noted that with intensive technologies for growing agricultural crops, their yield increases, but if the doses of chemicals are not observed, soil fertility is disturbed, the environment is polluted. Devoid of the disadvantages inherent in intensive technologies, organic farming is significantly inferior in productivity to it, due to which it is not able to reach the same production volumes, to ensure a comparable level of domestic consumption, which is demonstrated by traditional farming. The article compares the effectiveness of traditional and organic agronomic farming systems. It is shown that in the case of comparability of yield indicators, traditional technologies at lower selling prices are more effective in terms of profit and profitability indicators. The reasons for the slow development of the organic segment in the agricultural production of Russia are revealed. In this regard, the topic of support for foreign and Russian agricultural producers, including organic products, as well as the underdevelopment of its domestic market is touched upon. It is noted that, in contrast to developed countries, Russia’s share in the world market for organic products is insignificant. Therefore, it is too early to talk about the prospects for the development of organic agriculture in Russia. In the world, organic farming is stimulated, it occupies its own niche, but in all respects it lags far behind the traditional method of growing agricultural products. Its share in the world food market ranges from 2.6 to 3%.

scholarly journals Pertanian Organik sebagai Salah Satu Konsep Pertanian Berkelanjutan

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-132
Author(s):  
Yuriansyah Yuriansyah ◽  
Dulbari Dulbari ◽  
Hery Sutrisno ◽  
Arief Maksum
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Agricultural System ◽  
Study Program ◽  
Alternative Farming ◽  
Organic Farming System

Excessive use of inorganic chemicals results in adverse impacts on land and plants. In the midst of the community, there is anxiety about the high content of pesticide residues in agricultural products. There is a need to develop alternative farming systems that are able to produce quantities and quality of healthy products in a sustainable manner. One agricultural system that supports the concept is the organic farming system. The basic principles of organic farming are: (1) Keeping the ecosystem healthy, (2) Applying the principle of efficiency to the cultivation system, (3) Conducting production activities with the concept of sustainable agriculture, (4) Producing pesticide-free products, and (6) Maintaining environmental sustainability. Food Crop Production Study Program Lampung State Polytechnic makes Organic Agriculture as one of the leading competencies for its graduates. The establishment of the Organic Agriculture Business Unit on campus will increase student competencies, foster entrepreneurship, be a place for competency internships, and as an independent source of income.

scholarly journals An Overview on Agroecology and Organic Agriculture Strategies for Sustainable Crop Production

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 223
Author(s):  
Mariangela Diacono ◽  
Alessandra Trinchera ◽  
Francesco Montemurro
Keyword(s):  
European Commission ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Food Production ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Sustainable Crop Production

Within the new “European Green Deal”, the European Commission defined crucial challenges for the agriculture of future decades, such as making food production more sustainable by considering the local pedo-climatic and socio-economic specificities [...]

scholarly journals Enhancing Yields in Organic Crop Production by Eco-Functional Intensification

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Steen Jensen ◽  
Laurent Bedoussac ◽  
Georg Carlsson ◽  
Etienne-Pascal Journet ◽  
Eric Justes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Resource Use ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Climate Impacts ◽  
Efficient Tool ◽  
Use Of Resources ◽  
Cereal Grain

<p>Organic agriculture faces challenges to enhance food production per unit area and simultaneously reduce the environmental and climate impacts, e.g. nitrate leaching per unit area and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions per unit mass produced. Eco-functional intensification is suggested as a means to reach these objectives. Eco-functional intensification involves activating more knowledge and refocusing the importance of ecosystem services in agriculture. Organic farmers manage agrobiodiversity by crop rotation (diversification in time). However, sole cropping (SC) of genetically identical plants in organic agriculture may limit resource use efficiency and yield per unit area. Intercropping (IC) of annual grain species, cultivar mixes, perennial grains, or forage species and forestry and annual crops (agroforestry) are examples of spatial crop diversification. Intercropping is based on eco-functional intensification and may enhance production by complementarity in resource use in time and space. Intercropping is based on the ecological principles of competition, facilitation and complementarity, which often increases the efficiency in acquisition and use of resources such as light, water and nutrients compared to sole crops, especially in low-input systems. Here we show that IC of cereals and grain legumes in European arable organic farming systems is an efficient tool for enhancing total grain yields compared to their respective sole crops. Simultaneously, we display how intercropping of cereals and legumes can be used as an efficient tool for weed management and to enhance product quality (i.e. cereal grain protein concentration). We discuss how intercropping contributes to efficient use of soil N sources and minimizes losses of N by nitrate leaching via <em>Ecological Precision Farming</em>. It is concluded that intercropping has a strong potential to increase yield and hereby reduce global climate impacts such as GHG kg<sup>-1</sup> grain. Finally, we discuss likely barriers and lock-in effects for increased use of intercropping in organic farming and suggest a roadmap for innovation and implementation of IC strategies in organic agriculture.</p>

LEGAL CONDITIONS OF ORGANIC FARMING IN POLAND

2017 ◽  
Vol XIX (4) ◽  
pp. 148-153
Author(s):  
Anna Olkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
World Market ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
The World

Agriculture is one of the basic human activities. This activity, however, also had a negative impact on the environment. For decades, organic farming, understood as a system of management of sustainable crop production and livestock within the farm, has been developing. Constantly increases both the number of organic producers and the area of organic farming. Organic agriculture is currently supported with success through the development of the law in this area, both on the world market, European and Polish. Thanks to regulations gradually entered into force a consumer acquiring products referred to as organic is convinced that they are free from contamination, such as residues of plant protection products and hormones, and when their production not used chemical fertilizers and genetically modified organisms.

Research on subsoil biopores and their functions in organically managed soils: A review

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 318-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Kautz
Keyword(s):  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Nutrient Acquisition ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Water Runoff ◽  
Micro Computed Tomography ◽  
Conventional Agriculture

AbstractThe living soil is the basis for crop production in organic agriculture. Biopores are voids in the soil which were formed by the activity of soil life. The first scientific studies on biopores were published in the 1870s–90s by Victor Hensen who stated that earthworms were opening channels to the subsoil and coating them with humus, thus creating a beneficial environment for root growth. His work was originally widely recognized, but then research on biopores was neglected for many decades and was only revitalized with the rise of ecological concerns in the 1960s. In recent times, biopores have attracted the attention of agronomists with a focus on organic agriculture. New visualization techniques, such as X-ray micro computed tomography, in-situ endoscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging have been applied. Biopores contribute to air transport through the soil, increase water infiltration, reduce water runoff and soil erosion, serve as preferential pathways for root elongation and can facilitate the acquisition of water and nutrients from the subsoil. The relevance of biopores for nutrient acquisition can be pronounced particularly in organic production systems, where crops are more dependent on nutrient acquisition from the solid soil phase than under conditions of conventional agriculture. Organic land-use strategies should aim to increase number, stability and quality of biopores. The biopore density can be increased by the share of dicotyledons in the crop rotation and by cultivating perennial crops with taproot systems. Moreover, density and—in particular—the quality of biopores, e.g., the nutrient contents of pore walls, can be influenced by anecic earthworms which can be promoted by adapted tillage practices.

scholarly journals Veganic Agriculture in the United States: Opportunities for Research, Outreach, and Education

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (Summer 2021) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisha Utter ◽  
Mona Seymour
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Organic Agriculture ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Innovative Methods

A growing number of farmers are excluding animal inputs from crop production, an approach commonly referred to as veganic or stockfree organic agriculture. This research-based article discusses the soil health and fertility strategies reported by a sample of U.S. veganic farmers. These approaches may be relevant beyond the veganic community to farmers seeking innovative methods for produce safety and nutrient cycling. Agricultural outreach professionals (AOPs), including Extension personnel, play a critical role in supporting veganic practices by serving as cross-pollinators between farmers and research institutions. Thus, the article endeavors to expand AOP familiarity with veganic practices and benefits.

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